feat(AHCI, HAL): Improve AHCI error handling & optimize HAL initialization

- Refactored `sk_acquire_ahci_device(Int32 drv_index)` to return `ErrorOr<AHCIDeviceInterface>`
  for proper error handling instead of returning a raw object.
- Moved `sk_init_ahci_device(BOOL atapi)` into the `NeOS` namespace for better encapsulation.
- Reduced `HbaMem::Ports` array size from `Ports[32]` to `Ports[1]` to optimize memory usage
  for single-port AHCI controllers.

- Removed manual constructor initialization (`__CTOR_LIST__`, `__DTOR_LIST__`) from HAL,
  simplifying kernel startup.
- Updated `hal_real_init()` to initialize AHCI storage (`sk_init_ahci_device(NO)`) before
  userland execution.
- Refactored `hal_get_phys_address(void* virtual_address)` to use `VoidPtr` for type safety.

- Fixed incorrect buffer size (`kSzIdent`) in AHCI driver initialization from `kib_cast(1)`
  to `512`, ensuring correct sector identification.
- Removed redundant drive model string parsing logic.
- Refactored AHCI PRD iteration loop to use `prd_i` instead of `i`, improving readability.
- Optimized `drv_std_input_output` by simplifying wait loop logic.

Overall, this commit improves AHCI error handling, reduces redundant initialization,
optimizes memory usage, and cleans up HAL and storage code.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal.elmahrouss@icloud.com>

6 files changed, 45 insertions, 63 deletions

diff --git a/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 88d2007c..ef5c93e3 100644
--- a/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
+#include <StorageKit/AHCI.h>
 #include <ArchKit/ArchKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h>
 #include <KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h>
@@ -17,9 +18,6 @@ EXTERN_C NeOS::VoidPtr kInterruptVectorTable[];
 EXTERN_C NeOS::VoidPtr mp_user_switch_proc;
 EXTERN_C NeOS::Char mp_user_switch_proc_stack_begin[];
 
-EXTERN_C NeOS::rtl_ctor_kind __CTOR_LIST__[];
-EXTERN_C NeOS::VoidPtr __DTOR_LIST__;
-
 STATIC NeOS::Void hal_init_cxx_ctors()
 {
 	for (NeOS::SizeT i = 0U; i < NeOS::UserProcessScheduler::The().CurrentTeam().AsArray().Count(); ++i)
@@ -27,14 +25,6 @@ STATIC NeOS::Void hal_init_cxx_ctors()
 		NeOS::UserProcessScheduler::The().CurrentTeam().AsArray()[i]		= NeOS::UserProcess();
 		NeOS::UserProcessScheduler::The().CurrentTeam().AsArray()[i].Status = NeOS::ProcessStatusKind::kKilled;
 	}
-
-	NeOS::UserProcessScheduler::The().CurrentTeam().mProcessCount = 0UL;
-
-	for (NeOS::SizeT index = 0UL; __CTOR_LIST__[index] != __DTOR_LIST__; ++index)
-	{
-		NeOS::rtl_ctor_kind constructor_cxx = (NeOS::rtl_ctor_kind)__CTOR_LIST__[index];
-		constructor_cxx();
-	}
 }
 
 STATIC NeOS::UInt64 hal_rdtsc_fn()
@@ -104,7 +94,7 @@ EXTERN_C void hal_init_platform(
 
 EXTERN_C NeOS::Void hal_real_init(NeOS::Void) noexcept
 {
-	NeOS::NeFS::fs_init_nefs();
+	auto dev = NeOS::sk_init_ahci_device(NO);
 
 	NeOS::HAL::mp_get_cores(kHandoverHeader->f_HardwareTables.f_VendorPtr);
 
@@ -116,7 +106,7 @@ EXTERN_C NeOS::Void hal_real_init(NeOS::Void) noexcept
 
 	kEnd = hal_rdtsc_fn();
 
-	kout << "Cycles Spent: " << NeOS::number(kEnd - kStart) << kendl;
+	kout << "Cycles Spent Before Userland: " << NeOS::number(kEnd - kStart) << kendl;
 
 	idt_loader.Load(idt_reg);
 
diff --git a/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgrAMD64.cc b/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgrAMD64.cc
index 854b9057..fe9f0421 100644
--- a/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgrAMD64.cc
+++ b/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgrAMD64.cc
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace NeOS::HAL
 
 	/// @brief Go over the Page structure and find the address of *virtual_address*
 
-	UInt64 hal_get_phys_address(VoidPtr virtual_address)
+	UIntPtr hal_get_phys_address(VoidPtr virtual_address)
 	{
 		// Constants for table index bits
 		const UInt64 kPmlIndexMask = 0x1FFULL; // Mask for PML4, PDPT, PD, PT index (9 bits)
diff --git a/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h b/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
index 1395f03b..d223c320 100644
--- a/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
+++ b/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ namespace NeOS::HAL
 		return edx & (1 << 5);
 	}
 
-	UIntPtr hal_get_phys_address(void* virtual_address);
+	UIntPtr hal_get_phys_address(VoidPtr virtual_address);
 
 	/***********************************************************************************/
 	/// @brief Get Model specific register inside core.
diff --git a/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc b/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
index 1f85a142..929dcac5 100644
--- a/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
+++ b/dev/Kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_compute_disk_ahci() noexcept
 {
 	kSATASectorCount = 0UL;
 
-	const UInt16 kSzIdent = kib_cast(1);
+	const UInt16 kSzIdent = 512;
 
 	UInt8 identify_data[kSzIdent] = {0};
 
@@ -83,14 +83,6 @@ STATIC Void drv_compute_disk_ahci() noexcept
 
 	drv_std_input_output<NO, YES, YES>(0, identify_data, kAHCISectorSize, kSzIdent);
 
-	for (SizeT i = 0; i < 40; ++i)
-	{
-		kCurrentDiskModel[i * 2]	 = identify_data[27 + (i * 2)] >> 8;
-		kCurrentDiskModel[i * 2 + 1] = identify_data[27 + (i * 2) + 1] & 0xFF;
-	}
-
-	kCurrentDiskModel[40] = '\0';
-
 	kSATASectorCount = (identify_data[61] << 16) | identify_data[60];
 
 	kout << "Drive Model: " << kCurrentDiskModel << kendl;
@@ -139,20 +131,20 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz, Siz
 
 	UIntPtr buffer_phys = HAL::hal_get_phys_address(buffer);
 
-	Int32 i = 0;
+	UInt16 prd_i = 0;
 
-	for (; i < (command_header->Prdtl - 1); i++)
+	for (; prd_i < (command_header->Prdtl - 1); prd_i++)
 	{
-		command_table->Prdt[i].Dbc	= ((size_buffer / command_header->Prdtl - 1) - 1);
-		command_table->Prdt[i].Dba	= ((UInt32)(UInt64)buffer_phys + (i * command_table->Prdt[i].Dbc));
-		command_table->Prdt[i].Dbau = (((UInt64)(buffer_phys) >> 32) + (i * command_table->Prdt[i].Dbc));
-		command_table->Prdt[i].Ie	= YES;
+		command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dbc	= ((size_buffer / command_header->Prdtl - 1) - 1);
+		command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dba	= ((UInt32)(UInt64)buffer_phys + (prd_i * command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dbc));
+		command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dbau = (((UInt64)(buffer_phys) >> 32) + (prd_i * command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dbc));
+		command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Ie	= YES;
 	}
 
-	command_table->Prdt[i].Dba	= ((UInt32)(UInt64)buffer_phys + (i * command_table->Prdt[i].Dbc));
-	command_table->Prdt[i].Dbau = (((UInt64)(buffer_phys) >> 32) + (i * command_table->Prdt[i].Dbc));
-	command_table->Prdt[i].Dbc	= ((size_buffer / command_header->Prdtl - 1) - 1);
-	command_table->Prdt[i].Ie	= YES;
+	command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dba	= ((UInt32)(UInt64)buffer_phys + (prd_i * command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dbc));
+	command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dbau = (((UInt64)(buffer_phys) >> 32) + (prd_i * command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dbc));
+	command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Dbc	= ((size_buffer / command_header->Prdtl - 1) - 1);
+	command_table->Prdt[prd_i].Ie	= YES;
 
 	FisRegH2D* h2d_fis = (FisRegH2D*)(&command_table->Cfis);
 
@@ -176,16 +168,14 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz, Siz
 	h2d_fis->CountLow  = (size_buffer)&0xFF;
 	h2d_fis->CountHigh = (size_buffer >> 8) & 0xFF;
 
-	while ((kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq)))
-	{
-		kout << "Waiting for TFD...\r";
-	}
+	while (kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq))
+		;
 
 	kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Ci = (1 << slot);
 
 	while (YES)
 	{
-		if ((kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Ci & (1 << slot)) == 0)
+		if (!(kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Ci & (1 << slot)))
 			break;
 
 		if (kSATAHba->Is & kHBAErrTaskFile)
@@ -195,7 +185,6 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz, Siz
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Check IS again.
 	if (kSATAHba->Is & kHBAErrTaskFile)
 	{
 		err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
@@ -314,37 +303,40 @@ Bool drv_std_detected_ahci()
 	return kSATADev.DeviceId() != (UShort)PCI::PciConfigKind::Invalid && kSATADev.Bar(kSATABar5) != 0;
 }
 
-UInt16 sk_init_ahci_device(BOOL atapi)
+namespace NeOS
 {
-	UInt16 pi = 0;
-	return drv_std_init_ahci(pi, atapi);
+	UInt16 sk_init_ahci_device(BOOL atapi)
+	{
+		UInt16 pi = 0;
+		return drv_std_init_ahci(pi, atapi);
 
-	return pi;
-}
+		return pi;
+	}
 
-ErrorOr<AHCIDeviceInterface> sk_acquire_ahci_device(Int32 drv_index)
-{
-	if (!drv_std_detected_ahci())
-		return ErrorOr<AHCIDeviceInterface>(kErrorDisk);
+	ErrorOr<AHCIDeviceInterface> sk_acquire_ahci_device(Int32 drv_index)
+	{
+		if (!drv_std_detected_ahci())
+			return ErrorOr<AHCIDeviceInterface>(kErrorDisk);
 
-	AHCIDeviceInterface device([](IDeviceObject<MountpointInterface*>* self, MountpointInterface* mnt) -> void {
+		AHCIDeviceInterface device([](IDeviceObject<MountpointInterface*>* self, MountpointInterface* mnt) -> void {
 		AHCIDeviceInterface* dev = (AHCIDeviceInterface*)self;
 		
 		auto disk = mnt->GetAddressOf(dev->GetIndex());
 		drv_std_input_output<YES, YES, NO>(disk->fPacket.fPacketLba, (UInt8*)disk->fPacket.fPacketContent, kAHCISectorSize, disk->fPacket.fPacketSize); },
-							   [](IDeviceObject<MountpointInterface*>* self, MountpointInterface* mnt) -> void {
-								   AHCIDeviceInterface* dev = (AHCIDeviceInterface*)self;
+								   [](IDeviceObject<MountpointInterface*>* self, MountpointInterface* mnt) -> void {
+									   AHCIDeviceInterface* dev = (AHCIDeviceInterface*)self;
 
-								   auto disk = mnt->GetAddressOf(dev->GetIndex());
-								   drv_std_input_output<NO, YES, NO>(disk->fPacket.fPacketLba, (UInt8*)disk->fPacket.fPacketContent, kAHCISectorSize, disk->fPacket.fPacketSize);
-							   },
-							   nullptr);
+									   auto disk = mnt->GetAddressOf(dev->GetIndex());
+									   drv_std_input_output<NO, YES, NO>(disk->fPacket.fPacketLba, (UInt8*)disk->fPacket.fPacketContent, kAHCISectorSize, disk->fPacket.fPacketSize);
+								   },
+								   nullptr);
 
-	device.SetPi(kSATAPortsImplemented);
-	device.SetIndex(drv_index);
+		device.SetPi(kSATAPortsImplemented);
+		device.SetIndex(drv_index);
 
-	return ErrorOr<AHCIDeviceInterface>(device);
-}
+		return ErrorOr<AHCIDeviceInterface>(device);
+	}
+} // namespace NeOS
 
 #ifdef __AHCI__
 
diff --git a/dev/Kernel/StorageKit/AHCI.h b/dev/Kernel/StorageKit/AHCI.h
index 12ca19d9..2eb0912b 100644
--- a/dev/Kernel/StorageKit/AHCI.h
+++ b/dev/Kernel/StorageKit/AHCI.h
@@ -54,6 +54,6 @@ namespace NeOS
 		UInt32 fDriveIndex{0U};
 	};
 
-	UInt16				sk_init_ahci_device(BOOL atapi);
-	AHCIDeviceInterface sk_acquire_ahci_device(Int32 drv_index);
+	UInt16						 sk_init_ahci_device(BOOL atapi);
+	ErrorOr<AHCIDeviceInterface> sk_acquire_ahci_device(Int32 drv_index);
 } // namespace NeOS
diff --git a/dev/Mod/AHCI/AHCI.h b/dev/Mod/AHCI/AHCI.h
index d4f8ceb1..0b8971e2 100644
--- a/dev/Mod/AHCI/AHCI.h
+++ b/dev/Mod/AHCI/AHCI.h
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ typedef struct HbaMem final
 	NeOS::UInt8 Resv0[0xA0 - 0x2C];
 	NeOS::UInt8 Vendor[0x100 - 0xA0];
 
-	HbaPort Ports[32]; // 1 ~ 32, 32 is the max ahci devices per controller.
+	HbaPort Ports[1]; // 1 ~ 32, 32 is the max ahci devices per controller.
 } HbaMem;
 
 typedef struct HbaCmdHeader final