feat: kernel: bitmapmgr and heapmgr improvements.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>

44 files changed, 269 insertions, 179 deletions

diff --git a/src/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h b/src/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
index 2add0fcc..fe90601e 100644
--- a/src/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
+++ b/src/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
@@ -289,16 +289,16 @@ inline Boolean BDiskFormatFactory<BootDev>::Format(const Char* part_name) {
   CopyMem(gpt_part->Signature, reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(kMagicGPT)),
           StrLen(kMagicGPT));
 
-  gpt_part->Revision   = 0x00010000;
+  gpt_part->Revision = 0x00010000;
   gpt_part->HeaderSize = sizeof(GPT_PARTITION_TABLE);
 
   gpt_part->CRC32 = 0x00000000;
 
-  gpt_part->Reserved1     = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LBAHeader     = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LBAAltHeader  = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->Reserved1 = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LBAHeader = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LBAAltHeader = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->FirstGPTEntry = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LastGPTEntry  = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LastGPTEntry = 0x00000000;
 
   gpt_part->Guid.Data1 = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->Guid.Data2 = 0x0000;
@@ -308,10 +308,10 @@ inline Boolean BDiskFormatFactory<BootDev>::Format(const Char* part_name) {
 
   gpt_part->Revision = 0x00010000;
 
-  gpt_part->StartingLBA         = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->StartingLBA = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->NumPartitionEntries = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->SizeOfEntries       = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->CRC32PartEntry      = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->SizeOfEntries = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->CRC32PartEntry = 0x00000000;
 
   SetMem(gpt_part->Reserved2, 0, kSectorAlignGPT_PartTbl);
 
diff --git a/src/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc b/src/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
index 8b0112c5..4a08cb51 100644
--- a/src/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
+++ b/src/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include <FirmwareKit/EFI/API.h>
 #include <modules/BootNet/BootNet.h>
 
-STATIC EFI_GUID                     kEfiSimpleProtoGUID = EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID;
-STATIC EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* kEfiProtocol        = nullptr;
+STATIC EFI_GUID kEfiSimpleProtoGUID              = EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID;
+STATIC EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* kEfiProtocol = nullptr;
 
 STATIC Void bootnet_read_ip_packet(BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER   inet,
                                    BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER** inet_out);
diff --git a/src/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc b/src/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
index 423f4437..3826ea41 100644
--- a/src/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
+++ b/src/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ ATAInit_Retry:
   /// fetch serial info
   /// model, speed, number of sectors...
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
+    ;
 
   for (SizeT indexData = 0ul; indexData < kATADataLen; ++indexData) {
     kATAData[indexData] = rt_in16(IO + ATA_REG_DATA);
@@ -101,14 +102,15 @@ Void boot_ata_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, CharacterTypeASCII* Buf,
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_READ_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
+    ;
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     boot_ata_wait_io(IO);
@@ -134,14 +136,15 @@ Void boot_ata_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, CharacterTypeASCII* Buf
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + (SectorSz)) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
+    ;
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     boot_ata_wait_io(IO);
diff --git a/src/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc b/src/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
index 8e45fa60..612fe62c 100644
--- a/src/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
+++ b/src/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 using namespace Boot;
 
 EXTERN_C void rt_halt() {
-  while (Yes);
+  while (Yes)
+    ;
 }
 
 EXTERN_C void rt_cli() {}
diff --git a/src/boot/src/New+Delete.cc b/src/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
index 20965cbe..99a31166 100644
--- a/src/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
+++ b/src/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 void* operator new(size_t sz) {
   void* buf = nullptr;
 
-  while (BS->AllocatePool(EfiMemoryType::EfiLoaderData, sz, &buf) != kEfiOk);
+  while (BS->AllocatePool(EfiMemoryType::EfiLoaderData, sz, &buf) != kEfiOk)
+    ;
 
   return buf;
 }
diff --git a/src/kernel/FSKit/Ext2+IFS.h b/src/kernel/FSKit/Ext2+IFS.h
index 242db5f9..edefc978 100644
--- a/src/kernel/FSKit/Ext2+IFS.h
+++ b/src/kernel/FSKit/Ext2+IFS.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class Ext2Context final {
     }
   }
 
-  Ext2Context(const Ext2Context&)            = delete;
+  Ext2Context(const Ext2Context&) = delete;
   Ext2Context& operator=(const Ext2Context&) = delete;
 
   Ext2Context(Ext2Context&& other) : drive(other.drive), superblock(other.superblock) {
diff --git a/src/kernel/FSKit/OpenHeFS.h b/src/kernel/FSKit/OpenHeFS.h
index 7b4da7c5..81e8add2 100644
--- a/src/kernel/FSKit/OpenHeFS.h
+++ b/src/kernel/FSKit/OpenHeFS.h
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ inline UInt32 hefs_hour_get(ATime raw_atime) {
 /// @return the minute value.
 /// @note The minute is stored in the lower 8 bits of the ATime value.
 inline UInt32 hefs_minute_get(ATime raw_atime) {
-  return (raw_atime) & 0xFF;
+  return (raw_atime) &0xFF;
 }
 
 inline constexpr UInt32 kOpenHeFSBaseYear   = 1970;
@@ -386,10 +386,10 @@ class HeFileSystemParser final {
   ~HeFileSystemParser() = default;
 
  public:
-  HeFileSystemParser(const HeFileSystemParser&)            = delete;
+  HeFileSystemParser(const HeFileSystemParser&) = delete;
   HeFileSystemParser& operator=(const HeFileSystemParser&) = delete;
 
-  HeFileSystemParser(HeFileSystemParser&&)            = delete;
+  HeFileSystemParser(HeFileSystemParser&&) = delete;
   HeFileSystemParser& operator=(HeFileSystemParser&&) = delete;
 
  public:
diff --git a/src/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h b/src/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
index 912be6eb..2418f20c 100644
--- a/src/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
+++ b/src/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ typedef Char16 EfiChar16Type;
 /// @brief Core Handle Kind
 /// Self is like NT's Win32 HANDLE type.
 typedef struct EfiHandle {
-}* EfiHandlePtr;
+} * EfiHandlePtr;
 
 /* UEFI uses wide characters by default. */
 typedef WideChar EfiCharType;
@@ -237,42 +237,64 @@ typedef struct EfiTableHeader {
   UInt32 Reserved;
 } EfiTableHeader;
 
-#define EFI_ACPI_TABLE_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0xffe06bdd, 0x6107, 0x46a6, {0x7b, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x7e, 0xc5, 0x27, 0x5c}}
+#define EFI_ACPI_TABLE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                               \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0xffe06bdd, 0x6107, 0x46a6, { 0x7b, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x7e, 0xc5, 0x27, 0x5c } \
+  }
 
-#define EFI_LOAD_FILE_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x56EC3091, 0x954C, 0x11d2, {0x8e, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b}}
+#define EFI_LOAD_FILE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                                \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0x56EC3091, 0x954C, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+  }
 
-#define EFI_LOAD_FILE2_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x4006c0c1, 0xfcb3, 0x403e, {0x99, 0x6d, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x87, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x6d}}
+#define EFI_LOAD_FILE2_PROTOCOL_GUID                                               \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0x4006c0c1, 0xfcb3, 0x403e, { 0x99, 0x6d, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x87, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x6d } \
+  }
 
-#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x5B1B31A1, 0x9562, 0x11d2, {0x8E, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3B}}
+#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                             \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0x5B1B31A1, 0x9562, 0x11d2, { 0x8E, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3B } \
+  }
 
-#define EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x9042a9de, 0x23dc, 0x4a38, {0x96, 0xfb, 0x7a, 0xde, 0xd0, 0x80, 0x51, 0x6a}}
+#define EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID                                          \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0x9042a9de, 0x23dc, 0x4a38, { 0x96, 0xfb, 0x7a, 0xde, 0xd0, 0x80, 0x51, 0x6a } \
+  }
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0xA19832B9, 0xAC25, 0x11D3, {0x9A, 0x2D, 0x00, 0x90, 0x27, 0x3f, 0xc1, 0x4d}}
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID                                           \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0xA19832B9, 0xAC25, 0x11D3, { 0x9A, 0x2D, 0x00, 0x90, 0x27, 0x3f, 0xc1, 0x4d } \
+  }
 
 #define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_REVISION 0x00010000
 
-#define EFI_IP4_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x41d94cd2, 0x35b6, 0x455a, {0x82, 0x58, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0x13, 0x34, 0xaa, 0xdd}}
+#define EFI_IP4_PROTOCOL_GUID                                                      \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0x41d94cd2, 0x35b6, 0x455a, { 0x82, 0x58, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0x13, 0x34, 0xaa, 0xdd } \
+  }
 
 #define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_REVISION 0x1000
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, {0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b}}
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
+  {                                                                                 \
+    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+  }
 
-#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0xbc62157e, 0x3e33, 0x4fec, {0x99, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x3b, 0x36, 0xd7, 0x50, 0xdf}}
+#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID                                 \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0xbc62157e, 0x3e33, 0x4fec, { 0x99, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x3b, 0x36, 0xd7, 0x50, 0xdf } \
+  }
 
-#define EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x9576e91, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, {0x8e, 0x39, 0x0, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b}}
+#define EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID                                            \
+  {                                                                              \
+    0x9576e91, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x0, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+  }
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, {0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b}}
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
+  {                                                                                 \
+    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+  }
 
 typedef UInt64(EfiImageUnload)(EfiHandlePtr ImageHandle);
 
@@ -327,17 +349,17 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef EFI_STATUS(EFIAPI* EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_TRANSMIT)(IN EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* This,
                                                         IN UInt32 HeaderSize, IN UInt32 BufferSize,
-                                                        IN Void*                   Buffer,
-                                                        IN EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr  OPTIONAL,
+                                                        IN Void* Buffer,
+                                                        IN EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr OPTIONAL,
                                                         IN EfiMacAddress* DestAddr OPTIONAL,
-                                                        IN UInt16* Protocol        OPTIONAL);
+                                                        IN UInt16* Protocol OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EFI_STATUS(EFIAPI* EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_RECEIVE)(IN EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* This,
-                                                       OUT UInt32* HeaderSize          OPTIONAL,
+                                                       OUT UInt32* HeaderSize OPTIONAL,
                                                        IN OUT UInt32* BufferSize, OUT Void* Buffer,
-                                                       OUT EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr  OPTIONAL,
+                                                       OUT EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr OPTIONAL,
                                                        OUT EfiMacAddress* DestAddr OPTIONAL,
-                                                       OUT UInt16* Protocol        OPTIONAL);
+                                                       OUT UInt16* Protocol OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef struct EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL {
   UInt64                        Revision;
@@ -482,8 +504,10 @@ typedef struct EFI_GUID EFI_FINAL {
  * Protocol stuff...
  */
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_TEXT_INPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x387477c1, 0x69c7, 0x11d2, {0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b}}
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_TEXT_INPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0x387477c1, 0x69c7, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+  }
 
 /** some helpers */
 #define EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_BY_HANDLE_PROTOCOL 0x00000001
@@ -581,7 +605,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } EfiInputKey;
 
 typedef EfiStatusType(EFI_API* EfiInputReadKey)(IN EfiSimpleTextInputProtocol* This,
-                                                OUT EfiInputKey*               Key);
+                                                OUT EfiInputKey* Key);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType(EFI_API* EfiInputReset)(IN EfiSimpleTextInputProtocol* This,
                                               IN Boolean                     ExtendedChk);
@@ -639,7 +663,7 @@ typedef struct EfiSystemTable {
   struct {
     EFI_GUID VendorGUID;
     VoidPtr  VendorTable;
-  }* ConfigurationTable;
+  } * ConfigurationTable;
 } EfiSystemTable;
 
 #define kEfiOk 0
@@ -700,8 +724,10 @@ enum {
 
 #define EFI_EXTRA_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE 8
 
-#define EFI_MP_SERVICES_PROTOCOL_GUID \
-  {0x3fdda605, 0xa76e, 0x4f46, {0xad, 0x29, 0x12, 0xf4, 0x53, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0x08}}
+#define EFI_MP_SERVICES_PROTOCOL_GUID                                              \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0x3fdda605, 0xa76e, 0x4f46, { 0xad, 0x29, 0x12, 0xf4, 0x53, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0x08 } \
+  }
 
 #define PROCESSOR_AS_BSP_BIT 0x00000001
 #define PROCESSOR_ENABLED_BIT 0x00000002
@@ -797,8 +823,10 @@ typedef struct EfiTime {
   UInt8  Pad2;
 } EfiTime;
 
-#define EFI_FILE_INFO_GUID \
-  {0x09576e92, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, {0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b}}
+#define EFI_FILE_INFO_GUID                                                         \
+  {                                                                                \
+    0x09576e92, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+  }
 
 struct EfiFileInfo EFI_FINAL {
   /// @brief Structure size.
@@ -866,8 +894,8 @@ typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesStartupThisAP)(
     IN Void* ProcedureArgument OPTIONAL, OUT Boolean* Finished OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesDisableThisAP)(IN struct _EfiMpServicesProtocol* Self,
-                                                            IN UInt32             ProcessorNumber,
-                                                            IN Boolean            EnableAP,
+                                                            IN UInt32  ProcessorNumber,
+                                                            IN Boolean EnableAP,
                                                             IN UInt32* HealthFlag OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesWhoAmI)(IN struct _EfiMpServicesProtocol* Self,
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index 8f9e2e45..14ec5f60 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ EXTERN_C void idt_handle_scheduler(Kernel::UIntPtr rsp) {
 
   hal_idt_send_eoi(32);
 
-  while (kIsRunning);
+  while (kIsRunning)
+    ;
 
   kIsRunning = YES;
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 0179732f..cdf593cb 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_real_init(Kernel::Void) {
   HAL::IDTLoader idt_loader;
   idt_loader.Load(idt_reg);
 
-  while (YES);
+  while (YES)
+    ;
 }
 #endif  // ifndef __NE_MODULAR_KERNEL_COMPONENTS__
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
index 41543f5d..96f87973 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ namespace Detail {
     kPageEnable          = 31,
   };
 
-  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) {
-    return static_cast<UInt8>(reg);
-  }
+  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) { return static_cast<UInt8>(reg); }
 }  // namespace Detail
 
 auto mm_alloc_bitmap(Boolean wr, Boolean user, SizeT size, Bool is_page, SizeT pad = 0) -> VoidPtr;
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
index 456b6a2a..c4fdf56f 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
@@ -281,7 +281,8 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
       goto ahci_io_end;
     } else {
       kout << "ahci: Disk still busy after command completion!\r";
-      while (kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq));
+      while (kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq))
+        ;
     }
 
   ahci_io_end:
@@ -294,15 +295,13 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   @brief Gets the number of sectors inside the drive.
   @return Sector size in bytes.
  */
-STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused)
-SizeT  drv_get_sector_count_ahci() {
+STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused) SizeT drv_get_sector_count_ahci() {
   return kSATASectorCount;
 }
 
 /// @brief Get the drive size.
 /// @return Disk size in bytes.
-STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused)
-SizeT  drv_get_size_ahci() {
+STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused) SizeT drv_get_size_ahci() {
   return drv_std_get_sector_count() * kAHCISectorSize;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
index 8bf7b161..a258bf3a 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Void drv_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorSz
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz - 1) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ Void drv_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorSz
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x09);  // Start DMA engine
 
-  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01);
+  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01)
+    ;
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x00);  // Stop DMA engine
 
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ Void drv_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorS
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + (SectorSz - 1)) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
@@ -149,7 +150,8 @@ Void drv_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorS
 
   rt_out8(IO + 0x00, 0x09);  // Start DMA engine
 
-  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01);
+  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01)
+    ;
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x00);  // Stop DMA engine
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
index 19497b5f..6f5ebb66 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ ATAInit_Retry:
 
   rt_out8(OutBus + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
+    ;
 
   /// fetch serial info
   /// model, speed, number of sectors...
@@ -103,14 +104,15 @@ Void drv_pio_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT Sect
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_READ_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
+    ;
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     drv_pio_std_wait_io(IO);
@@ -134,14 +136,15 @@ Void drv_pio_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT Sec
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
+    ;
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     drv_pio_std_wait_io(IO);
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index 7ee4a69c..1fadcec3 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ EXTERN_C void int_handle_scheduler(Kernel::UIntPtr rsp) {
 
   hal_int_send_eoi(32);
 
-  while (kIsRunning);
+  while (kIsRunning)
+    ;
 
   kIsRunning = YES;
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 3a6e4085..9d2b21d7 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ EXTERN_C void hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
 
   Kernel::mp_init_cores();
 
-  while (YES);
+  while (YES)
+    ;
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h b/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
index 8dedf65f..e5487e22 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
@@ -40,10 +40,14 @@
 
 /// Long format address range
 
-#define cPageMAll {0b000, 0b000}
-#define cPageMToMax(M) {M, 0b000}
-#define cPageMaxToM(M) {0b000, M}
-#define cPageMToN(M, N) {M, N}
+#define cPageMAll \
+  { 0b000, 0b000 }
+#define cPageMToMax(M) \
+  { M, 0b000 }
+#define cPageMaxToM(M) \
+  { 0b000, M }
+#define cPageMToN(M, N) \
+  { M, N }
 
 namespace Kernel::HAL {
 struct PACKED PTE_4KB final {
@@ -81,9 +85,7 @@ namespace Detail {
     PageEnable          = 31,
   };
 
-  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) {
-    return static_cast<UInt8>(reg);
-  }
+  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) { return static_cast<UInt8>(reg); }
 }  // namespace Detail
 
 struct PDE_4KB final {
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index 64333086..63292418 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel::Detail {
 STATIC void mp_hang_fn(void) {
-  while (YES);
+  while (YES)
+    ;
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel::Detail
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/src/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index 68242f97..6c882acf 100644
--- a/src/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ using namespace Kernel;
 namespace Kernel {
 namespace Detail {
   STATIC void mp_hang_fn(void) {
-    while (YES);
+    while (YES)
+      ;
   }
 
 }  // namespace Detail
diff --git a/src/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/src/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index f238dfcd..61bf851d 100644
--- a/src/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/src/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -59,11 +59,19 @@ struct ProcessHeapTree {
 
   TreeKind Color{TreeKind::kBlackTreeKind};
 
-  struct ProcessHeapTree<T>* Parent{nullptr};
-  struct ProcessHeapTree<T>* Child{nullptr};
-
-  struct ProcessHeapTree<T>* Prev{nullptr};
-  struct ProcessHeapTree<T>* Next{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessHeapTree<T>* Parent {
+    nullptr
+  };
+  struct ProcessHeapTree<T>* Child {
+    nullptr
+  };
+
+  struct ProcessHeapTree<T>* Prev {
+    nullptr
+  };
+  struct ProcessHeapTree<T>* Next {
+    nullptr
+  };
 };
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -78,13 +86,21 @@ struct ProcessFileTree {
 
   TreeKind Color{TreeKind::kBlackTreeKind};
 
-  struct ProcessFileTree<T>* Parent{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessFileTree<T>* Parent {
+    nullptr
+  };
 
-  struct ProcessFileTree<T>* Child{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessFileTree<T>* Child {
+    nullptr
+  };
 
-  struct ProcessFileTree<T>* Prev{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessFileTree<T>* Prev {
+    nullptr
+  };
 
-  struct ProcessFileTree<T>* Next{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessFileTree<T>* Next {
+    nullptr
+  };
 };
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -105,13 +121,21 @@ struct ProcessSpecialTree {
 
   TreeKind Color{TreeKind::kBlackTreeKind};
 
-  struct ProcessSpecialTree<T>* Parent{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessSpecialTree<T>* Parent {
+    nullptr
+  };
 
-  struct ProcessSpecialTree<T>* Child{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessSpecialTree<T>* Child {
+    nullptr
+  };
 
-  struct ProcessSpecialTree<T>* Prev{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessSpecialTree<T>* Prev {
+    nullptr
+  };
 
-  struct ProcessSpecialTree<T>* Next{nullptr};
+  struct ProcessSpecialTree<T>* Next {
+    nullptr
+  };
 };
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
diff --git a/src/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h b/src/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
index 5c13460b..ad17c5a6 100644
--- a/src/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
+++ b/src/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ struct DriveTrait final {
   Void (*fOutput)(DrivePacket& packet){nullptr};
   Void (*fVerify)(DrivePacket& packet){nullptr};
   Void (*fInit)(DrivePacket& packet){nullptr};
-  const Char* (*fProtocol)(Void) {nullptr};
+  const Char* (*fProtocol)(Void){nullptr};
 };
 
 namespace Probe {
diff --git a/src/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h b/src/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
index 6813fcfe..ec03d7c2 100644
--- a/src/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
+++ b/src/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ class HardwareThread final {
   BOOL IsWakeup();
 
  public:
-  HAL::StackFramePtr        StackFrame();
+  HAL::StackFramePtr StackFrame();
   _Output const ThreadKind& Kind();
   BOOL                      IsBusy();
-  _Output const ThreadID&   ID();
+  _Output const ThreadID& ID();
 
  private:
   HAL::StackFramePtr fStack{};
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class HardwareThreadScheduler final : public ISchedulable {
  public:
   Ref<HardwareThread*> operator[](SizeT idx);
   bool                 operator!();
-  operator bool();
+                       operator bool();
 
   Bool IsUser() override { return Yes; }
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/KernelKit/ILoader.h b/src/kernel/KernelKit/ILoader.h
index 8399e1ea..786cf3ee 100644
--- a/src/kernel/KernelKit/ILoader.h
+++ b/src/kernel/KernelKit/ILoader.h
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ class ILoader {
 
  public:
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> GetBlob() { return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{}; }
-  virtual _Output const Char*      AsString() { return ""; }
-  virtual _Output const Char*      MIME() { return ""; }
-  virtual _Output const Char*      Path() { return ""; }
+  virtual _Output const Char* AsString() { return ""; }
+  virtual _Output const Char* MIME() { return ""; }
+  virtual _Output const Char* Path() { return ""; }
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> FindStart() { return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{}; }
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> FindSymbol(_Input const Char*, _Input Int32) {
     return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{};
diff --git a/src/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h b/src/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
index 38854f31..11b044cd 100644
--- a/src/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
+++ b/src/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class DMAWrapper final {
   T* Get(UIntPtr off = 0);
 
  public:
-  operator bool();
+       operator bool();
   bool operator!();
 
  public:
diff --git a/src/kernel/NeKit/Config.h b/src/kernel/NeKit/Config.h
index 1539a8fb..3e37fe2d 100644
--- a/src/kernel/NeKit/Config.h
+++ b/src/kernel/NeKit/Config.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #define NE_ICODEC \
   final:          \
-  public          \
+ public           \
   ::Kernel::ICodec
 
 /// @brief The **Kernel** namespace.
@@ -111,12 +111,12 @@ inline Args&& move(Args&& arg) {
 
 template <class Type>
 concept IsSerializable = requires() {
-  { Type::kValue };
+  {Type::kValue};
 };
 
 template <class Type>
 concept IsNotSerializable = requires() {
-  { !Type::kValue };
+  {!Type::kValue};
 };
 
 /// @brief Encoding interface, used as a proxy to convert T to Char*
diff --git a/src/kernel/NeKit/KString.h b/src/kernel/NeKit/KString.h
index 99742239..c08113b9 100644
--- a/src/kernel/NeKit/KString.h
+++ b/src/kernel/NeKit/KString.h
@@ -27,13 +27,21 @@ class KBasicString final {
     rt_set_memory(fData, 0, fDataSz);
   }
 
-  KBasicString(SizeT Sz) : fDataSz(Sz) {
-    MUST_PASS(Sz > 1);
+  KBasicString(const CharKind* In) : fDataSz(oe_string_len(In)) {
+    fData = new CharKind[fDataSz];
+    MUST_PASS(fData);
+
+    rt_set_memory(fData, 0, fDataSz);
+    this->operator+=(In);
+  }
+
+  KBasicString(const SizeT Sz) : fDataSz(Sz) {
+    MUST_PASS(fDataSz > 1);
 
-    fData = new CharKind[Sz];
+    fData = new CharKind[fDataSz];
     MUST_PASS(fData);
 
-    rt_set_memory(fData, 0, Sz);
+    rt_set_memory(fData, 0, fDataSz);
   }
 
   ~KBasicString() {
diff --git a/src/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h b/src/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
index c0fc57f4..3a6e26fa 100644
--- a/src/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
+++ b/src/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifndef kib_cast
-#define kib_cast(X) (Kernel::UInt64)((X) * 1024)
+#define kib_cast(X) (Kernel::UInt64)((X) *1024)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MIB
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 #define NE_UNUSED(X) ((Kernel::Void) X)
 
 #ifndef RGB
-#define RGB(R, G, B) ((Kernel::UInt32) ((0xFF << 24) | ((R) << 16) | ((G) << 8) | (B)))
+#define RGB(R, G, B) ((Kernel::UInt32)((0xFF << 24) | ((R) << 16) | ((G) << 8) | (B)))
 #endif  // !RGB
 
 #ifdef __NE_AMD64__
diff --git a/src/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h b/src/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
index e28e23eb..8ee1371b 100644
--- a/src/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
+++ b/src/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ inline constexpr SizeT oe_string_len(const CharType* str) {
   if (!str) return 0;
 
 #if __cplusplus == 202302L
-  if consteval {
-    return ARRAY_SIZE(str);
-  } else {
+  if
+    consteval { return ARRAY_SIZE(str); }
+  else {
     SizeT len{0};
     while (str[len] != 0) ++len;
     return len;
diff --git a/src/kernel/NeKit/Variant.h b/src/kernel/NeKit/Variant.h
index 2f4ce1ff..d5086fc1 100644
--- a/src/kernel/NeKit/Variant.h
+++ b/src/kernel/NeKit/Variant.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class Variant final {
   explicit Variant(VoidPtr ptr) : fPtr(ptr), fKind(VariantKind::kBlob) {}
 
  public:
-  const Char* ToString();
+  KString ToString();
 
   /// ========================================================================
   /// @brief Returns the underlying pointer.
diff --git a/src/kernel/NeKit/Vettable.h b/src/kernel/NeKit/Vettable.h
index e3b8bf70..f2056d27 100644
--- a/src/kernel/NeKit/Vettable.h
+++ b/src/kernel/NeKit/Vettable.h
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 template <class Type>
-concept IsVettable = requires(Type) { (Type::kVettable); };
+concept IsVettable = requires(Type) {
+  (Type::kVettable);
+};
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
 #endif  // !__NE_KIT_VETTABLE_H__
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc b/src/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
index 9dce0c0b..087cb3b5 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ Void rt_zero_memory(voidPtr pointer, Size len) {
 #ifdef __NE_ENFORCE_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
 [[deprecated("Use rt_set_memory_safe instead")]]
 #endif
-voidPtr rt_set_memory(voidPtr src, UInt32 value, Size len) {
+voidPtr
+rt_set_memory(voidPtr src, UInt32 value, Size len) {
   if (!src) return nullptr;
   auto  p = reinterpret_cast<UInt8*>(src);
   UInt8 v = static_cast<UInt8>(value & 0xFF);
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc b/src/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
index 40bbe837..76a6a42f 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 
 #define kBitMapMagic (0x10210U)
-
+#define kBitMapMaxSz gib_cast(4)
 #define kBitMapMagIdx (0U)
 #define kBitMapSizeIdx (1U)
 #define kBitMapUsedIdx (2U)
@@ -47,7 +47,12 @@ namespace HAL {
 
         UIntPtr* ptr_bit_set = reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr*>(page_ptr);
 
+        if (!page_ptr) return No;
+
         if (ptr_bit_set[kBitMapMagIdx] != kBitMapMagic) return No;
+        if (ptr_bit_set[kBitMapSizeIdx] > kBitMapMaxSz) return No;
+
+        this->GetBitMapStatus(ptr_bit_set);
 
         kBitMapCursor += ptr_bit_set[kBitMapSizeIdx];
 
@@ -55,8 +60,6 @@ namespace HAL {
         ptr_bit_set[kBitMapSizeIdx] = 0UL;
         ptr_bit_set[kBitMapUsedIdx] = No;
 
-        this->GetBitMapStatus(ptr_bit_set);
-
         return Yes;
       }
 
@@ -80,10 +83,11 @@ namespace HAL {
       /***********************************************************************************/
       auto FindBitMap(VoidPtr base_ptr, SizeT size, Bool wr, Bool user, SizeT pad) -> VoidPtr {
         if (!size) return nullptr;
+        if (size > kBitMapMaxSz) return nullptr;
 
         VoidPtr base = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(base_ptr);
 
-        STATIC SizeT biggest = 0UL;
+        STATIC SizeT biggest{0UL};
 
         while (YES) {
           UIntPtr* ptr_bit_set = reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr*>(base);
@@ -154,9 +158,7 @@ namespace HAL {
 
   STATIC Detail::IBitMapProxy kBitMapMgr;
 
-  auto mm_is_bitmap(VoidPtr ptr) -> BOOL {
-    return kBitMapMgr.IsBitMap(ptr);
-  }
+  auto mm_is_bitmap(VoidPtr ptr) -> BOOL { return kBitMapMgr.IsBitMap(ptr); }
 
   /***********************************************************************************/
   /// @brief Allocate a new page to be used by the OS.
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/src/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index cdbb92b1..208a5563 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ _Output BOOL NeFileSystemParser::CreateFork(_Input NEFS_FORK_STRUCT& the_fork) {
 /// @return the newly found fork.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 _Output NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindFork(_Input NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* catalog,
-                                                       _Input const Char*          name,
-                                                       _Input Boolean              is_data) {
+                                                       _Input const Char* name,
+                                                       _Input Boolean     is_data) {
   if (!catalog || !name) return nullptr;
 
   auto&            drive = kMountpoint.A();
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
 /// @param kind the catalog kind.
 /// @return catalog pointer.
 /***********************************************************************************/
-_Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char*  name,
+_Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char* name,
                                                                _Input const Int32& flags,
                                                                _Input const Int32& kind) {
   kout << "CreateCatalog(*...*)\r";
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/HeapMgr.cc b/src/kernel/src/HeapMgr.cc
index f549f60c..ef25abb7 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/HeapMgr.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/HeapMgr.cc
@@ -124,8 +124,9 @@ _Output VoidPtr mm_alloc_ptr(SizeT sz, Bool wr, Bool user, SizeT pad_amount) {
 
   auto result = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(heap_info_ptr->fOffset);
 
-  (Void)(kout << "HeapMgr: Registered heap address: "
-              << hex_number(reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(heap_info_ptr)) << kendl);
+  if (result)
+    (Void)(kout << "HeapMgr: Registered heap address: "
+                << hex_number(reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(heap_info_ptr)) << kendl);
 
   return result;
 }
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc b/src/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
index 49063950..b3828e48 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
@@ -16,21 +16,13 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 namespace Indexer {
-  Index& IndexableProperty::Leak() {
-    return fIndex;
-  }
+  Index& IndexableProperty::Leak() { return fIndex; }
 
-  Void IndexableProperty::AddFlag(UInt16 flag) {
-    fFlags |= flag;
-  }
+  Void IndexableProperty::AddFlag(UInt16 flag) { fFlags |= flag; }
 
-  Void IndexableProperty::RemoveFlag(UInt16 flag) {
-    fFlags &= ~(flag);
-  }
+  Void IndexableProperty::RemoveFlag(UInt16 flag) { fFlags &= ~(flag); }
 
-  UInt16 IndexableProperty::HasFlag(UInt16 flag) {
-    return fFlags & flag;
-  }
+  UInt16 IndexableProperty::HasFlag(UInt16 flag) { return fFlags & flag; }
 
   /// @brief Index a file into the indexer instance.
   /// @param filename filesystem path to access.
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/PE32CodeMgr.cc b/src/kernel/src/PE32CodeMgr.cc
index 7f5250fd..8fef40cb 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/PE32CodeMgr.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/PE32CodeMgr.cc
@@ -234,19 +234,19 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PE32Loader::GetBlob() {
 namespace Utils {
   ProcessID rtl_create_user_process(PE32Loader&                        exec,
                                     const UserProcess::ExecutableKind& process_kind) {
+    if (!exec.IsLoaded()) return kSchedInvalidPID;
+
     ErrorOrAny errOrStart = exec.FindStart();
 
     if (errOrStart.Error() != kErrorSuccess) return kSchedInvalidPID;
 
     ErrorOrAny symname = exec.FindSymbol(kPeImageStart, 0);
 
-    if (!symname) {
+    if (!symname.Leak().Leak()) {
       symname = ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{(VoidPtr) rt_alloc_string("USER_PROCESS_PE32+")};
     }
 
-    if (!symname) {
-      return -1;
-    }
+    if (!symname.Leak().Leak()) return kSchedInvalidPID;
 
     ProcessID id =
         UserProcessScheduler::The().Spawn(reinterpret_cast<const Char*>(symname.Leak().Leak()),
@@ -257,10 +257,16 @@ namespace Utils {
     if (id != kSchedInvalidPID) {
       auto stacksym = exec.FindSymbol(kPeStackSizeSymbol, 0);
 
-      if (!stacksym) {
+      if (!stacksym.Leak().Leak()) {
         stacksym = ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{(VoidPtr) new UIntPtr(kSchedMaxStackSz)};
       }
 
+      if (!stacksym.Leak().Leak()) {
+        UserProcessScheduler::The().Remove(id);
+        mm_free_ptr(stacksym.Leak().Leak());
+        return kSchedInvalidPID;
+      }
+
       if ((*(volatile UIntPtr*) stacksym.Leak().Leak()) > kSchedMaxStackSz) {
         *(volatile UIntPtr*) stacksym.Leak().Leak() = kSchedMaxStackSz;
       }
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/src/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 45471763..a9c26d9f 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -95,7 +95,10 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
   fCachedBlob = fFile->Read(kPefHeader, 0UL);
 
   if (!fCachedBlob.Leak().Leak()) {
-    this->fBad = YES;
+    kout << "PEFLoader: warning: Binary format error!\r";
+    this->fBad       = YES;
+    this->fFatBinary = NO;
+
     return;
   }
 
@@ -122,7 +125,7 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
   this->fFatBinary = NO;
   this->fBad       = YES;
 
-  if (this->fCachedBlob) mm_free_ptr(this->fCachedBlob.Leak().Leak());
+  if (this->fCachedBlob.Leak().Leak()) mm_free_ptr(this->fCachedBlob.Leak().Leak());
   this->fCachedBlob.Leak().Leak() = nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -256,7 +259,7 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindStart() {
 /// @brief Tells if the executable is loaded or not.
 /// @return Whether it's not bad and is cached.
 bool PEFLoader::IsLoaded() {
-  return !fBad;
+  return fBad == false;
 }
 
 const Char* PEFLoader::Path() {
@@ -289,6 +292,8 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::GetBlob() {
 
 ProcessID rtl_create_user_process(PEFLoader&                         exec,
                                   const UserProcess::ExecutableKind& process_kind) {
+  if (!exec.IsLoaded()) return kSchedInvalidPID;
+
   auto errOrStart = exec.FindStart();
 
   if (errOrStart.Error() != kErrorSuccess) return kSchedInvalidPID;
@@ -305,15 +310,21 @@ ProcessID rtl_create_user_process(PEFLoader&                         exec,
       UserProcessScheduler::The().Spawn(reinterpret_cast<const Char*>(symname.Leak().Leak()),
                                         errOrStart.Leak().Leak(), exec.GetBlob().Leak().Leak());
 
-  mm_free_ptr(symname.Leak().Leak());
+  if (symname.Leak().Leak()) mm_free_ptr(symname.Leak().Leak());
 
   if (id != kSchedInvalidPID) {
     auto stacksym = exec.FindSymbol(kPefStackSizeSymbol, kPefData);
 
-    if (!stacksym) {
+    if (!stacksym.Leak().Leak()) {
       stacksym = ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{(VoidPtr) new UIntPtr(kSchedMaxStackSz)};
     }
 
+    if (!stacksym.Leak().Leak()) {
+      UserProcessScheduler::The().Remove(id);
+      mm_free_ptr(stacksym.Leak().Leak());
+      return kSchedInvalidPID;
+    }
+
     if ((*(volatile UIntPtr*) stacksym.Leak().Leak()) > kSchedMaxStackSz) {
       *(volatile UIntPtr*) stacksym.Leak().Leak() = kSchedMaxStackSz;
     }
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/UserMgr+User.cc b/src/kernel/src/UserMgr+User.cc
index 0555c635..66b1d3ec 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/UserMgr+User.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/UserMgr+User.cc
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
-#define kStdUserType (0xEE)
-#define kSuperUserType (0xEF)
-
 /// @file UserMgr.cc
 /// @brief Multi-user support.
 
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/src/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index d7cbfaf0..1d29b9fc 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> UserProcess::New(SizeT sz, SizeT pad_amount) {
 
   hal_write_cr3(vm_register);
 #else
-  auto ptr = mm_alloc_ptr(sz, Yes, Yes, pad_amount);
+  auto ptr           = mm_alloc_ptr(sz, Yes, Yes, pad_amount);
 #endif
 
   if (!this->HeapTree) {
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc b/src/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
index 51cc938a..1f80f0e1 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@
 namespace Kernel {
 UserProcessTeam::UserProcessTeam() {
   for (SizeT i = 0U; i < this->mProcessList.Count(); ++i) {
-    this->mProcessList[i]                  = UserProcess{};
-    this->mProcessList[i].PTime            = 0;
-    this->mProcessList[i].RTime            = 0;
-    this->mProcessList[i].UTime            = 0;
-    this->mProcessList[i].Status           = ProcessStatusKind::kKilled;
-    *this->mProcessList[i].GetParentTeam() = *this;
+    this->mProcessList[i]        = UserProcess{};
+    this->mProcessList[i].PTime  = 0;
+    this->mProcessList[i].RTime  = 0;
+    this->mProcessList[i].UTime  = 0;
+    this->mProcessList[i].Status = ProcessStatusKind::kKilled;
+
+    auto team{this->mProcessList[i].GetParentTeam()};
+    team = this;
+    (void) team;
   }
 
   this->mProcessCur = 0UL;
diff --git a/src/kernel/src/Variant.cc b/src/kernel/src/Variant.cc
index 2b371a8f..0422202a 100644
--- a/src/kernel/src/Variant.cc
+++ b/src/kernel/src/Variant.cc
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include <NeKit/Variant.h>
 
 namespace Kernel {
-const Char* Variant::ToString() {
+KString Variant::ToString() {
   switch (fKind) {
     case VariantKind::kTOML:
       return ("Class:{TOML}");
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ const Char* Variant::ToString() {
     case VariantKind::kString:
       return ("Class:{String}");
     case VariantKind::kBlob:
-      return ("Class:{Blob}");
+      return ("Memory:{Blob}");
     case VariantKind::kNull:
-      return ("Class:{Null}");
+      return ("Memory:{Null}");
     case VariantKind::kSwap:
-      return ("Class:{Swap}");
+      return ("Memory:{Swap}");
     default:
-      return ("Class:{Unknown}");
+      return ("Memory:{Unknown}");
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libDDK/DriverKit/c++/driver_base.h b/src/libDDK/DriverKit/c++/driver_base.h
index 3e11ab43..e5147b77 100644
--- a/src/libDDK/DriverKit/c++/driver_base.h
+++ b/src/libDDK/DriverKit/c++/driver_base.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #define DDK_DRIVER_IMPL \
   final:                \
-  public                \
+ public                 \
   ::Kernel::DDK::IDriverBase
 
 /// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class IDriverBase {
 /// @author @amlel-el-mahrouss
 template <typename Driver>
 concept IsValidDriver = requires(Driver drv) {
-  { drv.IsActive() && drv.Type() > kInvalidType };
+  {drv.IsActive() && drv.Type() > kInvalidType};
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel::DDK
 
diff --git a/src/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call.c b/src/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
index d240c637..d69b1f59 100644
--- a/src/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
+++ b/src/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 /// @brief this is an internal call, do not use it.
 DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) /*  */
-ptr_t      __ke_call_dispatch(const int32_t name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz);
+    ptr_t __ke_call_dispatch(const int32_t name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz);
 
 /// @brief This function hashes the path into a FNV symbol.
 /// @param path the path to hash.
diff --git a/src/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h b/src/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
index cd337f26..b349387f 100644
--- a/src/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
+++ b/src/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ typedef nullPtr           NullPtr;
 #endif
 
 #ifndef kib_cast
-#define kib_cast(X) (UInt64)((X) * 1024)
+#define kib_cast(X) (UInt64)((X) *1024)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MIB