From 33ba5e743c9c993a0f6b02d2a85aa9796240f7e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2025 23:51:39 +0200
Subject: kernel: fix: Fix duplicates on `IPAddr.cc` and `AsciiUtils.cc`.

fix: Fix dead code in `Bool USER_PROCESS::SpawnDylib()`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc           | 16 ++++------------
 dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc       | 10 +++++++---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc |  3 +--
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
index bfc56aec..e0162f70 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
@@ -156,26 +156,18 @@ Char* rt_string_has_char(Char* str, Char ch) {
   return (*str == ch) ? str : nullptr;
 }
 
-Int32 rt_strcmp(const Char* a, const Char* b) {
-  Size i = 0;
-  while (a[i] != '\0' && b[i] != '\0' && a[i] == b[i]) {
-    ++i;
-  }
-  return static_cast<Int32>(static_cast<UInt8>(a[i]) - static_cast<UInt8>(b[i]));
-}
-
 // @uses the deprecated version callers should ensure 'len' is valid.
-extern "C" void* memset(void* dst, int c, long long unsigned int len) {
+EXTERN_C void* memset(void* dst, int c, long long unsigned int len) {
   return Kernel::rt_set_memory(dst, c, static_cast<Size>(len));
 }
 
-extern "C" void* memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
+EXTERN_C void* memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
   Kernel::rt_copy_memory(const_cast<void*>(src), dst, static_cast<Size>(len));
   return dst;
 }
 
-extern "C" Kernel::Int32 strcmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
-  return Kernel::rt_strcmp(a, b);
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Int32 strcmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
+  return Kernel::rt_string_cmp(a, b, rt_string_len(a));
 }
 
 }  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
index b341af8f..0a030dc8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
@@ -89,18 +89,22 @@ bool IPFactory::IpCheckVersion4(const Char* ip) {
   if (!ip) return NO;
 
   Int32 cnter = 0;
+  Int32 dot_cnter = 0;
 
   for (SizeT base = 0; base < rt_string_len(ip); ++base) {
     if (ip[base] == '.') {
       cnter = 0;
+      ++dot_cnter;
     } else {
-      if (!rt_is_alnum(ip[base])) return false;
-      if (cnter == 3) return false;
+      if (!rt_is_alnum(ip[base])) return NO;
+      if (cnter == 3) return NO;
 
       ++cnter;
     }
   }
 
-  return true;
+  if (dot_cnter != 3) return NO;
+
+  return YES;
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index eff53745..d6c91428 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ Void USER_PROCESS::Exit(const Int32& exit_code) {
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
-/// @brief Add dylib to process.
+/// @brief Add dylib to the process object.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 Bool USER_PROCESS::SpawnDylib() {
@@ -340,7 +340,6 @@ Bool USER_PROCESS::SpawnDylib() {
 
   (Void)(kout << "Unknown process kind: " << hex_number(this->Kind) << kendl);
   this->Crash();
-  return NO;
 
   return NO;
 }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f2b53fc242000c0f65aa09db3250ecf97dce6035 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2025 10:16:05 +0200
Subject: feat: Fix `ProcessLevelRing` enum value `kRingCount`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index c06ef92c..f64cbf22 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ enum class ProcessLevelRing : Int32 {
   kRingStdUser   = 1,
   kRingSuperUser = 2,
   kRingGuestUser = 5,
-  kRingCount     = 5,
+  kRingCount     = 3,
 };
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6c817b699af42ff454b601e592ff1d3e4894d2e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2025 10:19:56 +0200
Subject: meta: Ran `format.sh`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc | 6 +++---
 dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc                   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index 61a82314..e6f70f0e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@
 #include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
 
 EXTERN_C Kernel::Void int_handle_breakpoint(Kernel::UIntPtr rip);
- EXTERN_C BOOL mp_handle_gic_interrupt_el0(Void);
+EXTERN_C BOOL         mp_handle_gic_interrupt_el0(Void);
 
-EXTERN_C BOOL kEndOfInterrupt;
+EXTERN_C BOOL  kEndOfInterrupt;
 EXTERN_C UInt8 kEndOfInterruptVector;
 
 STATIC BOOL kIsRunning = NO;
 
 /// @note This is managed by the system software.
 STATIC void hal_int_send_eoi(UInt8 vector) {
-  kEndOfInterrupt = YES;
+  kEndOfInterrupt       = YES;
   kEndOfInterruptVector = vector;
 }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
index 0a030dc8..ec7d8a35 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ ErrorOr<KString> IPFactory::ToKString(Ref<RawIPAddress>& ipv4) {
 bool IPFactory::IpCheckVersion4(const Char* ip) {
   if (!ip) return NO;
 
-  Int32 cnter = 0;
+  Int32 cnter     = 0;
   Int32 dot_cnter = 0;
 
   for (SizeT base = 0; base < rt_string_len(ip); ++base) {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 42301b6977bf11f8d5b55c6ca8c08b97a2b4cc3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2025 10:26:27 +0200
Subject: PEF format update `5.0` and codebase refactors.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h   | 14 ++++++++------
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
index c28c8f8c..a357e827 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
 #include <KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h>
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
-#define kPefMagic "Joy!"
-#define kPefMagicFat "yoJ!"
+#define kPefMagic "Open"
+#define kPefMagicFat "nepO"
 
 #define kPefMagicLen (5)
 
-#define kPefVersion (4)
+#define kPefVersion (0x0500)
 #define kPefNameLen (256U)
 
 /* not mandatory, only for non fork based filesystems. */
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ enum {
 };
 
 enum {
+  kPefSubArchGeneric,
   kPefSubArchAMD = 200,
   kPefSubArchIntel,
   kPefSubArchARM,
-  kPefSubArchGeneric,
   kPefSubArchIBM,
 };
 
@@ -98,15 +98,17 @@ typedef struct PEFCommandHeader final {
   UInt32  Flags;             /* container flags */
   UInt16  Kind;              /* container kind */
   UIntPtr Offset;            /* content offset */
-  UIntPtr VMAddress;         /* VM offset */
-  SizeT   Size;              /* content Size */
+  UIntPtr VMAddress;         /* Virtual Address */
+  SizeT   VMSize;            /* Virtual Size */
 } PACKED PEFCommandHeader;
 
 enum {
+  kPefInvalid  = 0x0,
   kPefCode     = 0xC,
   kPefData     = 0xD,
   kPefZero     = 0xE,
   kPefLinkerID = 0x1,
+  kPefCount    = 4,
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index ed72473f..f572fe99 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -152,10 +152,10 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
           }
         }
 
-        Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header->Size];
+        Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header->VMSize];
 
         rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)), container_blob_value,
-                       container_header->Size);
+                       container_header->VMSize);
         mm_free_ptr(blob);
 
         kout << "PEFLoader: Information: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eedfeb5f7dd251e3fed8a6fe1d391fddf701d942 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2025 13:20:10 +0200
Subject: feat: add `note` regarding ARM support for BootZ's BootThread.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc b/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
index c477d659..c4a55ae1 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
@@ -105,6 +105,8 @@ BootThread::BootThread(VoidPtr blob) : fStartAddress(nullptr), fBlob(blob) {
         writer.Write("BootZ: Executable entry address: ")
             .Write((UIntPtr) fStartAddress)
             .Write("\r");
+
+        /// @note .text region shall be marked as executable on ARM.
       } else if (StrCmp(sectionForBootZ, sect->Name) == 0) {
         struct HANDOVER_INFORMATION_STUB {
           UInt64 HandoverMagic;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a5cae885d3f714897ae175cc8643fbbd5573dc22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2025 17:53:06 +0200
Subject: feat: Implemented `HalPagingMgr` for AArch64.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 compile_flags.txt                       |  1 +
 dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc              |  4 +++
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/compile_flags.txt b/compile_flags.txt
index 2005c689..12740fa6 100644
--- a/compile_flags.txt
+++ b/compile_flags.txt
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 -I./
 -std=c++20
 -D__NE_AMD64__
+-D__NE_ARM64__
 -D__NEOSKRNL__
 -D__NE_ED__
 -xc++
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc b/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
index c4a55ae1..377e6e3a 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
@@ -107,6 +107,10 @@ BootThread::BootThread(VoidPtr blob) : fStartAddress(nullptr), fBlob(blob) {
             .Write("\r");
 
         /// @note .text region shall be marked as executable on ARM.
+
+#ifdef __NE_ARM64__
+
+#endif
       } else if (StrCmp(sectionForBootZ, sect->Name) == 0) {
         struct HANDOVER_INFORMATION_STUB {
           UInt64 HandoverMagic;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
index faad6778..953cee3b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
@@ -13,15 +13,57 @@
 namespace Kernel::HAL {
 typedef UInt32 PageTableIndex;
 
+EXTERN_C UIntPtr mm_get_page_addr(VoidPtr virtual_address) {
+  if (!virtual_address) return 0;
+
+  UInt64 ttbr0_val = 0;
+
+  asm volatile("mrs %0, ttbr0_el1" : "=r"(ttbr0_val));
+  volatile UInt64* l1_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ttbr0_val);
+
+  UInt64 l1_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 39) & 0x1FF;
+  UInt64 l2_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 30) & 0x1FF;
+  UInt64 l3_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 21) & 0x1FF;
+
+  if (!l1_table[l1_idx]) return 0;
+
+  volatile UInt64* l2_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(l1_table[l1_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+
+  if (!l2_table[l2_idx]) return 0;
+
+  volatile UInt64* l3_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(l2_table[l2_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+
+  if (!l3_table[l3_idx]) return 0;
+
+  return (l3_table[l3_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+}
+
 /// @brief Maps or allocates a page from virtual_address.
 /// @param virtual_address a valid virtual address.
 /// @param phys_addr point to physical address.
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manipulation process.
 EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags) {
-  if (!virtual_address || !flags) return kErrorInvalidData;
+  if (!virtual_address || !flags || !physical_address) return kErrorInvalidData;
+
+  UInt64 ttbr0_val = 0;
+
+  asm volatile("mrs %0, ttbr0_el1" : "=r"(ttbr0_val));
+  volatile UInt64* l1_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ttbr0_val);
+
+  UInt64 l1_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 39) & 0x1FF;
+  UInt64 l2_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 30) & 0x1FF;
+  UInt64 l3_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 21) & 0x1FF;
+
+  if (!l1_table[l1_idx]) return kErrorInvalidData;
+
+  volatile UInt64* l2_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(l1_table[l1_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+
+  if (!l2_table[l2_idx]) return kErrorInvalidData;
+
+  volatile UInt64* l3_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(l2_table[l2_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
 
-  NE_UNUSED(physical_address);
+  l3_table[l3_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
 
   return kErrorSuccess;
 }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c50ae11abc23c0ea5d79fd7044273685c73990d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2025 17:56:12 +0200
Subject: feat: level based virtual memory mapping for NeKernel's paging
 system.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc |  5 ++++-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h     |  3 ++-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc | 20 ++++++++++++++++++--
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h     |  3 ++-
 4 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc
index 048cb7c2..ced4f268 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc
@@ -117,9 +117,12 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 mm_memory_fence(VoidPtr virtual_address) {
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manipulation process.
 /***********************************************************************************/
-EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags) {
+EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags,
+                           UInt32 level) {
   if (physical_address == 0) return kErrorInvalidData;
 
+  NE_UNUSED(level);  /// @todo support PML4, and PDPT levels.
+
   const UInt64     kVMAddr   = (UInt64) virtual_address;
   constexpr UInt64 kMask9    = 0x1FF;
   constexpr UInt64 kPageMask = 0xFFF;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
index 80dc7a1d..b6465941 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ class LAPICDmaWrapper final {
 /// @param phys_addr point to physical address.
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manip.
-EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags);
+EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags,
+                           UInt32 level = 2);
 
 EXTERN_C UInt8  rt_in8(UInt16 port);
 EXTERN_C UInt16 rt_in16(UInt16 port);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
index 953cee3b..b7b0c10e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ EXTERN_C UIntPtr mm_get_page_addr(VoidPtr virtual_address) {
 /// @param phys_addr point to physical address.
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manipulation process.
-EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags) {
+EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags,
+                           UInt32 level) {
   if (!virtual_address || !flags || !physical_address) return kErrorInvalidData;
 
   UInt64 ttbr0_val = 0;
@@ -65,6 +66,21 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UI
 
   l3_table[l3_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
 
-  return kErrorSuccess;
+  switch (level) {
+    case 2: {
+      l3_table[l3_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
+      return kErrorSuccess;
+    }
+    case 1: {
+      l1_table[l1_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
+      return kErrorSuccess;
+    }
+    case 0: {
+      l1_table[l1_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
+      return kErrorSuccess;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return kErrorInvalidData;
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel::HAL
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h
index 068b798d..68fe736c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ enum {
 /// @param phys_addr point to physical address.
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manip.
-EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags);
+EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags,
+                           UInt32 level = 2);
 
 EXTERN_C UIntPtr mm_get_page_addr(VoidPtr virtual_address);
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f153886c81c7d11b8e249fa769265646216d5584 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 12:07:42 +0200
Subject: feat: kernel: HAL: reworked `kerncall` system.

how:

 - By taking additional arguments according to DDKKit.
 - Adding a `HAL_KERNEL_DISPATCH_ENTRY` and `rt_kerncall_proc`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h                       | 13 ++++++++++++-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc |  4 ++--
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc |  6 ++----
 3 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h b/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
index a9dca240..04af0918 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
@@ -77,9 +77,20 @@ struct HAL_DISPATCH_ENTRY final {
   operator bool() { return fHooked; }
 };
 
+
+typedef Kernel::Void (*rt_kerncall_proc)(Kernel::SizeT, Kernel::VoidPtr, Kernel::SizeT);
+
+struct HAL_KERNEL_DISPATCH_ENTRY final {
+  Kernel::UInt64  fHash;
+  Kernel::Bool    fHooked;
+  rt_kerncall_proc fProc;
+
+  operator bool() { return fHooked; }
+};
+
 inline Kernel::Array<HAL_DISPATCH_ENTRY, kMaxDispatchCallCount> kSysCalls;
 
-inline Kernel::Array<HAL_DISPATCH_ENTRY, kMaxDispatchCallCount> kKernCalls;
+inline Kernel::Array<HAL_KERNEL_DISPATCH_ENTRY, kMaxDispatchCallCount> kKernCalls;
 
 #ifdef __NE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_SUPPORT__
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index be6d0af5..c2988767 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_system_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
 /// @param stack the stack pushed from assembly routine.
 /// @return nothing.
 EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
-                                            Kernel::UIntPtr rdx_kerncall_arg) {
+                                            Kernel::SizeT cnt, Kernel::UIntPtr arg, Kernel::SizeT sz) {
   hal_idt_send_eoi(51);
 
   if (!Kernel::kRootUser) return;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
   for (SizeT i = 0UL; i < kMaxDispatchCallCount; ++i) {
     if (kKernCalls[i].fHooked && rcx_hash == kKernCalls[rcx_hash].fHash) {
       if (kKernCalls[i].fProc) {
-        (kKernCalls[i].fProc)((Kernel::VoidPtr) rdx_kerncall_arg);
+        (kKernCalls[i].fProc)(cnt, (Kernel::VoidPtr) arg, sz);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index e6f70f0e..4c02e8cc 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -144,9 +144,7 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_system_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
 /// @param stack the stack pushed from assembly routine.
 /// @return nothing.
 EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
-                                            Kernel::UIntPtr rdx_kerncall_arg) {
-  hal_int_send_eoi(51);
-
+                                            Kernel::SizeT cnt, Kernel::UIntPtr arg, Kernel::SizeT sz) {
   if (!Kernel::kRootUser) return;
   if (Kernel::kCurrentUser != Kernel::kRootUser) return;
   if (!Kernel::kCurrentUser->IsSuperUser()) return;
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
   for (SizeT i = 0UL; i < kMaxDispatchCallCount; ++i) {
     if (kKernCalls[i].fHooked && rcx_hash == kKernCalls[rcx_hash].fHash) {
       if (kKernCalls[i].fProc) {
-        (kKernCalls[i].fProc)((Kernel::VoidPtr) rdx_kerncall_arg);
+        (kKernCalls[i].fProc)(cnt, (Kernel::VoidPtr) arg, sz);
       }
     }
   }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b1658f93dc1157e7883d381b0316a60e760fe557 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 12:14:01 +0200
Subject: fix: HAL: syscall interrupt must be ring-3 only.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc | 2 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h            | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
index f9749946..dc680ce8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Void IDTLoader::Load(Register64& idt) {
   for (SizeT idt_indx = 0; idt_indx < kKernelIdtSize; ++idt_indx) {
     Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Selector       = kIDTSelector;
     Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Ist            = 0;
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].TypeAttributes = kInterruptGate;
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].TypeAttributes = kKernelInterruptId ? kUserInterruptGate : kInterruptGate;
     Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetLow      = ((UIntPtr) ptr_ivt[idt_indx] & 0xFFFF);
     Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetMid =
         (((UIntPtr) ptr_ivt[idt_indx] >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
index b6465941..99f857b1 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #define IsLevelTriggered(FLG) (FLG & 8)
 
 #define kInterruptGate (0x8E)
+#define kUserInterruptGate (0xEE)
 #define kTrapGate (0xEF)
 #define kTaskGate (0b10001100)
 #define kIDTSelector (0x08)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4d18ce78a0ba66787a91db8103bfd2bb733e0910 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 15:54:12 +0300
Subject: rt_copy_memory to rt_copy_memory_safe

---
 dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
index 43526fc8..11566008 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
   Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
@@ -29,6 +28,10 @@ Int         rt_to_lower(Int c);
 voidPtr     rt_string_in_string(const Char* in, const Char* needle);
 char*       rt_string_has_char(Char* str, Char chr);
 
+// Safe memory functions
+Int     rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size);
+voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size);
+
 /// UNICODE API
 
 Int  urt_string_cmp(const Char* src, const Char* cmp, Size len);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3b8c7d1324fd501aaf99cfd4ffcc8c7595c6c9cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 15:55:51 +0300
Subject: rt_copy_memory to rt_copy_memory_safe

---
 dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
index e0162f70..5718ec4d 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-STATIC Int     rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size);
-STATIC voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size);
+Int     rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size);
+voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size);
 
 Int32 rt_string_cmp(const Char* src, const Char* cmp, Size size) {
   for (Size i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const Char* rt_alloc_string(const Char* src) {
   return buffer;
 }
 
-STATIC Int rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size) {
+Int rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size) {
   if (!src || !dst || len > dst_size) {
     if (dst && dst_size) {
       rt_set_memory_safe(dst, 0, dst_size, dst_size);
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ STATIC Int rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size ds
   return static_cast<Int>(len);
 }
 
-STATIC voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size) {
+voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size) {
   if (!dst || len > dst_size) return nullptr;
   auto  p = reinterpret_cast<UInt8*>(dst);
   UInt8 v = static_cast<UInt8>(value & 0xFF);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3399b3b72308acc22f9fa80140131eefbf76a8b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 15:57:25 +0300
Subject: rt_copy_memory_safe: HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc

---
 dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index 39f8c0a1..b2e894d0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -798,11 +798,11 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* mnt, _Input c
     return NO;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                     rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   urt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) vol_name, boot->fVolName, urt_string_len(vol_name) + 1);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) kHeFSMagic, boot->fMagic, kHeFSMagicLen - 1);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kHeFSMagic, boot->fMagic, kHeFSMagicLen - 1, sizeof(boot->fMagic));
 
   if (mnt->fLbaStart > mnt->fLbaEnd) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
@@ -906,8 +906,8 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeDirectoryCtlManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt,
 
   HEFS_BOOT_NODE* boot = (HEFS_BOOT_NODE*) mm_alloc_ptr(sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE), Yes, No);
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                     rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
@@ -992,8 +992,8 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt, VoidPtr bloc
     return NO;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                     rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
@@ -1078,8 +1078,8 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeCtlManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt, _Input co
     return NO;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                     rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8d25bf16c667eecd3b9f01263008ad7c68594cca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 15:58:23 +0300
Subject: rt_copy_memory_safe: PEFCodeMgr.cc

---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 16 +++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index f572fe99..e646b578 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#define __NE_AMD64__
+
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
   Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
@@ -12,6 +14,10 @@
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/OwnPtr.h>
+#include <NeKit/Utils.h>
+#include <HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h>
+
+using namespace Kernel::HAL;
 
 /// @brief PEF stack size symbol.
 #define kPefStackSizeSymbol "__PEFSizeOfReserveStack"
@@ -154,15 +160,15 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
         Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header->VMSize];
 
-        rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)), container_blob_value,
-                       container_header->VMSize);
+        rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)), container_blob_value,
+                       container_header->VMSize, container_header->VMSize);
         mm_free_ptr(blob);
 
         kout << "PEFLoader: Information: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
 
-        auto ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) container_header->VMAddress,
-                                    (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
-                                    HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
+        auto ret = mm_map_page((VoidPtr) container_header->VMAddress,
+                                    (VoidPtr) mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
+                                    kMMFlagsPresent | kMMFlagsUser);
 
         if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
           mm_free_ptr(container_blob_value);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 446dd03d503a4d2a8efdf39cef9466c61941b6ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:00:11 +0300
Subject: UserProcessScheduler.cc

rt_copy_memory calls were replaced with rt_copy_memory_safe. #include <NeKit/Utils.h> and #include <HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index d6c91428..ae000c74 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <KernelKit/ProcessScheduler.h>
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
 #include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
+#include <NeKit/Utils.h>
+#include <HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h>
 
 ///! BUGS: 0
 
@@ -378,7 +380,7 @@ ProcessID UserProcessScheduler::Spawn(const Char* name, VoidPtr code, VoidPtr im
     return -kErrorProcessFault;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(name)), process.Name, len);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(name)), process.Name, len, kSchedNameLen);
 
 #ifdef __NE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_SUPPORT__
   process.VMRegister = kKernelVM;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 367ad9d23ccd56b0394d213c78ed2da5fe2fe592 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:01:15 +0300
Subject: UserMgr.cc

rt_copy_memory calls were replaced with rt_copy_memory_safe, and #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
index 8eade85e..78a306f7 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 #include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
 #include <KernelKit/UserMgr.h>
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
+#include <NeKit/KString.h>
+#include <NeKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h>
+#include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
 #define kStdUserType (0xEE)
 #define kSuperUserType (0xEF)
@@ -56,14 +59,14 @@ namespace Detail {
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 User::User(const Int32& sel, const Char* user_name) : mUserRing((UserRingKind) sel) {
   MUST_PASS(sel >= 0);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name), kMaxUserNameLen);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /// @brief User ring constructor.
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 User::User(const UserRingKind& ring_kind, const Char* user_name) : mUserRing(ring_kind) {
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name), kMaxUserNameLen);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f544a3e7abd9af82688b791b00d754d20dce7589 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:02:21 +0300
Subject: IndexableProperty.cc

The argument order was corrected. #include <NeKit/Utils.h> was added, and rt_copy_memory_safe is added
---
 dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc b/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
index 1d2a1ce8..7f983d8b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <FSKit/IndexableProperty.h>
 #include <NeKit/MutableArray.h>
+#include <NeKit/KString.h>
+#include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
 /// @brief File indexer API for fast path access.
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ namespace Indexer {
   Void fs_index_file(const Char* filename, SizeT filenameLen, IndexableProperty& indexer) {
     if (!indexer.HasFlag(kIndexerClaimed)) {
       indexer.AddFlag(kIndexerClaimed);
-      rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) indexer.Leak().Path, (VoidPtr) filename, filenameLen);
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(filename)), (VoidPtr) indexer.Leak().Path, filenameLen, kIndexerCatalogNameLength);
 
       (Void)(kout << "FSKit: Indexed new file: " << filename << kendl);
     }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3ee0101b6ff38e47893962134902aaf8974ac0b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:03:49 +0300
Subject: NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc

rt_copy_memory calls were replaced with rt_copy_memory_safe.
---
 dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc | 50 +++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index 18595e9f..0bee64a8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ _Output NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindFork(_Input NEFS_CATALOG_STRUC
     drive.fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(NEFS_FORK_STRUCT);
     drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&local_buf);
 
-    rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                   rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+    rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                   rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
     if (auto res = fs_ifs_read(&kMountpoint, drive, this->mDriveIndex); res) {
       switch (res) {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ _Output NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindFork(_Input NEFS_CATALOG_STRUC
     if (KStringBuilder::Equals(local_buf.ForkName, name) &&
         KStringBuilder::Equals(local_buf.CatalogName, catalog->Name)) {
       auto result = new NEFS_FORK_STRUCT();
-      rt_copy_memory(&local_buf, result, sizeof(NEFS_FORK_STRUCT));
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(&local_buf, result, sizeof(NEFS_FORK_STRUCT), sizeof(NEFS_FORK_STRUCT));
       return result;
     }
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
   }
 
   Char* parent_name = (Char*) mm_alloc_ptr(nameLen + 1, Yes, No);
-  rt_copy_memory(const_cast<Char*>(name), parent_name, nameLen + 1);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<Char*>(name), parent_name, nameLen + 1, nameLen + 1);
 
   if (nameLen < 2) {
     mm_free_ptr(parent_name);
@@ -312,13 +312,13 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
   --i;
   if (kind == kNeFSCatalogKindDir) --i;
   while (name[i] != '/') --i;
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) (name + i), (VoidPtr) child_catalog->Name, rt_string_len(name) - i);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) (name + i), (VoidPtr) child_catalog->Name, rt_string_len(name) - i, kNeFSCatalogNameLen);
 
   NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT temporary_catalog{};
   Lba                 start_free = out_lba;
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   Char buf_part_block[sizeof(NEFS_ROOT_PARTITION_BLOCK)] = {0};
   drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(buf_part_block);
@@ -380,13 +380,13 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
 
       delete catalog;
       NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* found_catalog = new NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT();
-      rt_copy_memory(&temporary_catalog, found_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(&temporary_catalog, found_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT), sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
 
       delete child_catalog;
       return found_catalog;
     } else if ((temporary_catalog.Flags & kNeFSFlagCreated) &&
                KStringBuilder::Equals(temporary_catalog.Name, name)) {
-      rt_copy_memory(&temporary_catalog, child_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(&temporary_catalog, child_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT), sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
       delete catalog;
       return child_catalog;
     }
@@ -411,8 +411,8 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* drive, _Input const I
 
   // verify disk.
   drive->fVerify(drive->fPacket);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive->fPacket.fPacketMime));
   if (!drive->fPacket.fPacketGood) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
     return false;
@@ -430,9 +430,9 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* drive, _Input const I
   if (rt_string_cmp(kNeFSIdent, part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen) == 0) return true;
 
   const auto kNeFSUntitledHD = part_name;
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) kNeFSIdent, (VoidPtr) part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) kNeFSUntitledHD, (VoidPtr) part_block->PartitionName,
-                 rt_string_len(kNeFSUntitledHD));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kNeFSIdent, (VoidPtr) part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen, sizeof(part_block->Ident));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kNeFSUntitledHD, (VoidPtr) part_block->PartitionName,
+                 rt_string_len(kNeFSUntitledHD), sizeof(part_block->PartitionName));
 
   SizeT sectorCount    = drv_std_get_sector_count();
   SizeT sectorSize     = drive->fSectorSz;
@@ -513,9 +513,9 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::WriteCatalog(_Input const Char* catalog_name, Bool is_r
 
   auto buf = new UInt8[size_of_data];
   rt_set_memory(buf, 0, size_of_data);
-  rt_copy_memory(data, buf, size_of_data);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe(data, buf, size_of_data, size_of_data);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* fork_data_input = new NEFS_FORK_STRUCT();
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT  prev_fork{};
@@ -577,8 +577,8 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
   NEFS_ROOT_PARTITION_BLOCK part{};
   auto&                     drive = kMountpoint.A();
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
   drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&part);
   drive.fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(NEFS_ROOT_PARTITION_BLOCK);
   drive.fPacket.fPacketLba     = kNeFSRootCatalogStartAddress;
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
           return nullptr;
         }
         NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* catalog_ptr = new NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT();
-        rt_copy_memory(&tmp, catalog_ptr, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+        rt_copy_memory_safe(&tmp, catalog_ptr, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT), sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
         out_lba = cursor;
         return catalog_ptr;
       }
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
   if (!KStringBuilder::Equals(catalog_name, NeFileSystemHelper::Root()) && local_search) {
     Char  parent_name[kNeFSCatalogNameLen] = {0};
     SizeT nameLen                          = rt_string_len(catalog_name);
-    rt_copy_memory(const_cast<Char*>(catalog_name), parent_name, nameLen + 1);
+    rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<Char*>(catalog_name), parent_name, nameLen + 1, kNeFSCatalogNameLen);
 
     SizeT indexReverseCopy = nameLen - 1;
     if (parent_name[indexReverseCopy] == NeFileSystemHelper::Separator()) {
@@ -727,8 +727,8 @@ _Output Boolean NeFileSystemParser::RemoveCatalog(_Input const Char* catalog_nam
     catalog->Flags &= (~kNeFSFlagCreated);
     catalog->Flags |= kNeFSFlagDeleted;
 
-    rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                   rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+    rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                   rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
     drive.fPacket.fPacketLba     = out_lba;
     drive.fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT);
     drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(catalog);
@@ -795,8 +795,8 @@ VoidPtr NeFileSystemParser::ReadCatalog(_Input _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* cata
   }
 
   auto* fs_buf = new NEFS_FORK_STRUCT();
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* fs_fork_data = nullptr;
   while (dataForkLba >= kNeFSCatalogStartAddress) {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 521adeb2466c64ab0d31b97b74cc349a4fcbfb9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:04:59 +0300
Subject: IPCMsg.cc

rt_copy_memory_safe
---
 dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
index cff19cfa..6f54e449 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Bool IPC_MSG::Pass(IPC_MSG* src, IPC_MSG* target) noexcept {
     if (src->IpcMsgSz > target->IpcMsgSz) return No;
     if (target->IpcMsgSz > src->IpcMsgSz) return No;
 
-    rt_copy_memory(src->IpcData, target->IpcData, src->IpcMsgSz);
+    rt_copy_memory_safe(src->IpcData, target->IpcData, src->IpcMsgSz, kIPCMsgSize);
 
     return Yes;
   }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bb711f2805cc7b2dc8afef98f37aafc277d5d5b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 15:33:57 +0200
Subject: fix: TLS is located in KernelKit, not NeKit.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
index 78a306f7..601df1fa 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include <KernelKit/UserMgr.h>
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
-#include <NeKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h>
+#include <KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
 #define kStdUserType (0xEE)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1fc6c2a7258deee05ee09ec4020be12dc6fc7240 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:45:21 +0300
Subject: PEFCodeMgr.cc: ArchKit

---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 12 +-----------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 11 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index e646b578..db86e02f 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-#define __NE_AMD64__
-
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
 #include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
 #include <KernelKit/HeapMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h>
@@ -15,9 +7,7 @@
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/OwnPtr.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
-#include <HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h>
-
-using namespace Kernel::HAL;
+#include <ArchKit/ArchKit.h>
 
 /// @brief PEF stack size symbol.
 #define kPefStackSizeSymbol "__PEFSizeOfReserveStack"
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a7b5a74605a4d7673d958cd01386de45e5c92ec4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:48:24 +0300
Subject: UserProcessScheduler.cc: ArchKit

---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index ae000c74..7b7e4497 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
 #include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
-#include <HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h>
 
 ///! BUGS: 0
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 69525ee410735e08b9abe6e00381624c5c8e202f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:55:18 +0300
Subject: ;)

---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index db86e02f..b83cb441 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss & NeKernel contributors, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+
 #include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
 #include <KernelKit/HeapMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 59653f763a7e12b5b54b470a86e81c93729c909d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 15:57:49 +0200
Subject: fix: PEFLdr: Fix compilation error on `mmap`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index b83cb441..98b7c7b7 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
         kout << "PEFLoader: Information: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
 
-        auto ret = mm_map_page((VoidPtr) container_header->VMAddress,
-                                    (VoidPtr) mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
-                                    kMMFlagsPresent | kMMFlagsUser);
+        auto ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) container_header->VMAddress,
+                                    (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
+                                    HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
         if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
           mm_free_ptr(container_blob_value);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4807aac83e758099bfae759701b3d5cab5fc3b8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 22:19:52 +0300
Subject: Patch: Buffer Overflows and OOB Reads in Core Memory APIs

memset and memcpy now take an additional dst_size parameter, If len > dst_size or dst/src is null, the function returns nullptr early, avoiding unsafe writes.
---
 dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc b/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
index ce824e0f..7cf7af95 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
@@ -18,11 +18,16 @@
 /// @param dst destination pointer.
 /// @param byte value to fill in.
 /// @param len length of of src.
-EXTERN_C VoidPtr memset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len) {
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len, long long unsigned int dst_size) {
+  if (!dst || len > dst_size) {
+    // For now, we return nullptr or an error status.
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  unsigned char* p = (unsigned char*)dst; 
+  unsigned char val = (unsigned char)byte;
   for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
-    ((int*) dst)[i] = byte;
+    p[i] = val;
   }
-
   return dst;
 }
 
@@ -30,36 +35,39 @@ EXTERN_C VoidPtr memset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len) {
 /// @param dst destination pointer.
 /// @param  src source pointer.
 /// @param len length of of src.
-EXTERN_C VoidPtr memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len, long long unsigned int dst_size) {
+  if (!dst || !src || len > dst_size) {
+    // Similar to memset, this is a critical failure.
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  unsigned char* d = (unsigned char*)dst; 
+  const unsigned char* s = (const unsigned char*)src;
   for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
-    ((int*) dst)[i] = ((int*) src)[i];
+    d[i] = s[i];
   }
-
   return dst;
 }
 
 /// @brief strlen definition in C++.
-EXTERN_C size_t strlen(const char* whatToCheck) {
-  SizeT len = 0;
-
-  while (whatToCheck[len] != 0) {
+EXTERN_C size_t strlen(const char* whatToCheck, size_t max_len) {
+  size_t len = 0;
+  while (len < max_len && whatToCheck[len] != '\0') {
     ++len;
   }
-
   return len;
 }
 
 /// @brief strcmp definition in C++.
-EXTERN_C int strcmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight) {
-  SizeT len = 0;
-
-  while (whatToCheck[len] == whatToCheckRight[len]) {
-    if (whatToCheck[len] == 0) return 0;
-
-    ++len;
+EXTERN_C int strcmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight, size_t max_len) {
+  size_t i = 0;
+  while (i < max_len && whatToCheck[i] == whatToCheckRight[i]) {
+    if (whatToCheck[i] == '\0') return 0;
+    ++i;
   }
-
-  return len;
+  if (i == max_len) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return (unsigned char)whatToCheck[i] - (unsigned char)whatToCheckRight[i];
 }
 
 /// @brief something specific to the Microsoft's ABI, When the stack grows too big.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dd12786ef1db10ef27bfa213bfd96c0bb9842ede Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 22:27:27 +0300
Subject: AsciiUtils.cc

---
 dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
index 5718ec4d..d5bc6bce 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
@@ -156,13 +156,12 @@ Char* rt_string_has_char(Char* str, Char ch) {
   return (*str == ch) ? str : nullptr;
 }
 
-// @uses the deprecated version callers should ensure 'len' is valid.
 EXTERN_C void* memset(void* dst, int c, long long unsigned int len) {
-  return Kernel::rt_set_memory(dst, c, static_cast<Size>(len));
+  return Kernel::rt_set_memory_safe(dst, c, static_cast<Size>(len), static_cast<Size>(len));
 }
 
 EXTERN_C void* memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
-  Kernel::rt_copy_memory(const_cast<void*>(src), dst, static_cast<Size>(len));
+  Kernel::rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<void*>(src), dst, static_cast<Size>(len), static_cast<Size>(len));
   return dst;
 }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 41703b62f9e7e83fa856fbf53101edc889502c45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 21:41:15 +0200
Subject: feat: use FNV in libSystem's syscall routing.

fix: Add legacy string.h functions back, for GCC.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc       | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++--
 dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h | 22 +++++++--
 dev/libSystem/src/SystemAPI.cc    | 94 ---------------------------------------
 dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc  | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 102 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 dev/libSystem/src/SystemAPI.cc
 create mode 100644 dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc b/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
index 7cf7af95..96c6594e 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 /// @param dst destination pointer.
 /// @param byte value to fill in.
 /// @param len length of of src.
-EXTERN_C VoidPtr memset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len, long long unsigned int dst_size) {
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memnset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len, long long unsigned int dst_size) {
   if (!dst || len > dst_size) {
     // For now, we return nullptr or an error status.
     return nullptr;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ EXTERN_C VoidPtr memset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len, long lo
 /// @param dst destination pointer.
 /// @param  src source pointer.
 /// @param len length of of src.
-EXTERN_C VoidPtr memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len, long long unsigned int dst_size) {
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memncpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len, long long unsigned int dst_size) {
   if (!dst || !src || len > dst_size) {
     // Similar to memset, this is a critical failure.
     return nullptr;
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ EXTERN_C VoidPtr memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len,
 }
 
 /// @brief strlen definition in C++.
-EXTERN_C size_t strlen(const char* whatToCheck, size_t max_len) {
+EXTERN_C size_t strnlen(const char* whatToCheck, size_t max_len) {
   size_t len = 0;
   while (len < max_len && whatToCheck[len] != '\0') {
     ++len;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ EXTERN_C size_t strlen(const char* whatToCheck, size_t max_len) {
 }
 
 /// @brief strcmp definition in C++.
-EXTERN_C int strcmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight, size_t max_len) {
+EXTERN_C int strncmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight, size_t max_len) {
   size_t i = 0;
   while (i < max_len && whatToCheck[i] == whatToCheckRight[i]) {
     if (whatToCheck[i] == '\0') return 0;
@@ -73,4 +73,54 @@ EXTERN_C int strcmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight, size_
 /// @brief something specific to the Microsoft's ABI, When the stack grows too big.
 EXTERN_C void ___chkstk_ms(void) {}
 
+/// @note GCC expects them to be here.
+
+/// @brief memset definition in C++.
+/// @param dst destination pointer.
+/// @param byte value to fill in.
+/// @param len length of of src.
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len) {
+  for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
+    ((int*) dst)[i] = byte;
+  }
+
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/// @brief memcpy definition in C++.
+/// @param dst destination pointer.
+/// @param  src source pointer.
+/// @param len length of of src.
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
+  for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
+    ((int*) dst)[i] = ((int*) src)[i];
+  }
+
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/// @brief strlen definition in C++.
+EXTERN_C size_t strlen(const char* whatToCheck) {
+  SizeT len = 0;
+
+  while (whatToCheck[len] != 0) {
+    ++len;
+  }
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+/// @brief strcmp definition in C++.
+EXTERN_C int strcmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight) {
+  SizeT len = 0;
+
+  while (whatToCheck[len] == whatToCheckRight[len]) {
+    if (whatToCheck[len] == 0) return 0;
+
+    ++len;
+  }
+
+  return len;
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
index 436665ae..5a840df1 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
@@ -9,11 +9,25 @@
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
 #include <cstdarg>
 
-#ifndef SYSCALL_HASH
-#define SYSCALL_HASH(str) (UInt64) str
-#endif  // !SYSCALL_HASH
-
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_1(SizeT id);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_2(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_3(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1, VoidPtr arg3);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_4(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1, VoidPtr arg3, VoidPtr arg4);
+
+inline UInt64 libsys_hash_64(const Char* path) {
+  const UInt64 FNV_OFFSET_BASIS = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
+  const UInt64 FNV_PRIME        = 0x100000001b3ULL;
+
+  UInt64 hash = FNV_OFFSET_BASIS;
+
+  while (*path) {
+    hash ^= (Char) (*path++);
+    hash *= FNV_PRIME;
+  }
+
+  return hash;
+}
+
+#ifndef SYSCALL_HASH
+#define SYSCALL_HASH(str) libsys_hash_64(str)
+#endif  // !SYSCALL_HASH
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemAPI.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemAPI.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index d0682830..00000000
--- a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemAPI.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h>
-#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
-
-/// @file SystemAPI.cc
-/// @brief System wide API for NeKernel.
-
-IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {
-  if (!len || !dest || !src) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    ((Char*) dest)[i] = ((Char*) src)[i];
-  }
-
-  return dest;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {
-  if (!in) return 0;
-
-  SizeT len{0};
-
-  do {
-    ++len;
-  } while (in[len] != '\0');
-
-  return len;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt8 value) {
-  if (!len || !dest) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    ((Char*) dest)[i] = value;
-  }
-
-  return dest;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter) {
-  return (Ref) libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH('IoOpenFile'),
-                                    reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(path)),
-                                    reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(drv_letter)));
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  libsys_syscall_arg_2(2, desc);
-}
-
-IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_3(
-      SYSCALL_HASH('IoSeekFile'), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
-
-  MUST_PASS((*ret) != ~0UL);
-  return *ret;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C UInt64 IoTellFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH('IoTellFile'),
-                                                     reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
-  return *ret;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const char* fmt, ...) {
-  va_list args;
-
-  va_start(args, fmt);
-
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_4(
-      SYSCALL_HASH('PrintOut'), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
-      reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(fmt)), args);
-
-  va_end(args);
-
-  return *ret;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {
-  if (!expr) {
-    PrintOut(nullptr, "Assertion failed: %s\r", origin);
-    PrintOut(nullptr, "Origin: %s\r", origin);
-
-    libsys_syscall_arg_1(SYSCALL_HASH('_rtl_debug_break'));
-  }
-}
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6344cdac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h>
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+
+/// @file SystemAPI.cc
+/// @brief System wide API for NeKernel.
+
+IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {
+  if (!len || !dest || !src) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    ((Char*) dest)[i] = ((Char*) src)[i];
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {
+  if (!in) return 0;
+
+  SizeT len{0};
+
+  do {
+    ++len;
+  } while (in[len] != '\0');
+
+  return len;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt8 value) {
+  if (!len || !dest) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    ((Char*) dest)[i] = value;
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter) {
+  return (Ref) libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("IoOpenFile"),
+                                    reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(path)),
+                                    reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(drv_letter)));
+}
+
+IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
+  libsys_syscall_arg_2(2, desc);
+}
+
+IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
+  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_3(
+      SYSCALL_HASH("IoSeekFile"), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
+
+  MUST_PASS((*ret) != ~0UL);
+  return *ret;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C UInt64 IoTellFile(_Input Ref desc) {
+  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoTellFile"),
+                                                     reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
+  return *ret;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const char* fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+
+  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_4(
+      SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
+      reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(fmt)), args);
+
+  va_end(args);
+
+  return *ret;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {
+  if (!expr) {
+    PrintOut(nullptr, "Assertion failed: %s\r", origin);
+    PrintOut(nullptr, "Origin: %s\r", origin);
+
+    libsys_syscall_arg_1(SYSCALL_HASH("_rtl_debug_break"));
+  }
+}
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0d44c75062a313f7d1b8813816843bc8ab51b135 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Jun 2025 22:59:26 +0200
Subject: fix: Fix AP init code, and format codebase.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc                        | 16 +++++-----
 dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h                       |  5 ++--
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc | 12 ++++----
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc |  4 +--
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc     |  9 +++---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc |  4 +--
 dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc                       |  3 +-
 dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc         |  8 ++---
 dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc         | 34 +++++++++++++---------
 dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc                |  5 ++--
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc                       |  8 ++---
 dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc                          | 10 ++++---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc             |  5 ++--
 13 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc b/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
index 96c6594e..4bf3e68a 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@
 /// @param dst destination pointer.
 /// @param byte value to fill in.
 /// @param len length of of src.
-EXTERN_C VoidPtr memnset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len, long long unsigned int dst_size) {
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memnset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len,
+                         long long unsigned int dst_size) {
   if (!dst || len > dst_size) {
     // For now, we return nullptr or an error status.
     return nullptr;
   }
-  unsigned char* p = (unsigned char*)dst; 
-  unsigned char val = (unsigned char)byte;
+  unsigned char* p   = (unsigned char*) dst;
+  unsigned char  val = (unsigned char) byte;
   for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
     p[i] = val;
   }
@@ -35,13 +36,14 @@ EXTERN_C VoidPtr memnset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len, long l
 /// @param dst destination pointer.
 /// @param  src source pointer.
 /// @param len length of of src.
-EXTERN_C VoidPtr memncpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len, long long unsigned int dst_size) {
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memncpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len,
+                         long long unsigned int dst_size) {
   if (!dst || !src || len > dst_size) {
     // Similar to memset, this is a critical failure.
     return nullptr;
   }
-  unsigned char* d = (unsigned char*)dst; 
-  const unsigned char* s = (const unsigned char*)src;
+  unsigned char*       d = (unsigned char*) dst;
+  const unsigned char* s = (const unsigned char*) src;
   for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
     d[i] = s[i];
   }
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ EXTERN_C int strncmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight, size
   if (i == max_len) {
     return 0;
   }
-  return (unsigned char)whatToCheck[i] - (unsigned char)whatToCheckRight[i];
+  return (unsigned char) whatToCheck[i] - (unsigned char) whatToCheckRight[i];
 }
 
 /// @brief something specific to the Microsoft's ABI, When the stack grows too big.
diff --git a/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h b/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
index 04af0918..37793370 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
@@ -77,12 +77,11 @@ struct HAL_DISPATCH_ENTRY final {
   operator bool() { return fHooked; }
 };
 
-
 typedef Kernel::Void (*rt_kerncall_proc)(Kernel::SizeT, Kernel::VoidPtr, Kernel::SizeT);
 
 struct HAL_KERNEL_DISPATCH_ENTRY final {
-  Kernel::UInt64  fHash;
-  Kernel::Bool    fHooked;
+  Kernel::UInt64   fHash;
+  Kernel::Bool     fHooked;
   rt_kerncall_proc fProc;
 
   operator bool() { return fHooked; }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index aeaeff52..8b4c0d1a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -113,17 +113,19 @@ EXTERN_C HAL::StackFramePtr mp_get_current_task(ThreadID thrdid) {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 EXTERN_C BOOL mp_register_task(HAL::StackFramePtr stack_frame, ThreadID thrdid) {
-  if (thrdid > kSMPCount) return NO;
   if (!stack_frame) return NO;
 
-  kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr = stack_frame;
-
-  HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[thrdid].Leak()->Busy(NO);
-
   if (!kSMPAware) {
     sched_jump_to_task(kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr);
+
+    return YES;
   }
 
+  HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[thrdid].Leak()->Busy(NO);
+
+  kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr = stack_frame;
+  if (thrdid > kSMPCount) return NO;
+
   return YES;
 }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index c2988767..b837497e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_system_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
 /// @brief Enter Kernel call from assembly (libDDK only).
 /// @param stack the stack pushed from assembly routine.
 /// @return nothing.
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
-                                            Kernel::SizeT cnt, Kernel::UIntPtr arg, Kernel::SizeT sz) {
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash, Kernel::SizeT cnt,
+                                            Kernel::UIntPtr arg, Kernel::SizeT sz) {
   hal_idt_send_eoi(51);
 
   if (!Kernel::kRootUser) return;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
index dc680ce8..56d46a15 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
@@ -30,10 +30,11 @@ Void IDTLoader::Load(Register64& idt) {
   volatile UIntPtr** ptr_ivt = (volatile UIntPtr**) idt.Base;
 
   for (SizeT idt_indx = 0; idt_indx < kKernelIdtSize; ++idt_indx) {
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Selector       = kIDTSelector;
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Ist            = 0;
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].TypeAttributes = kKernelInterruptId ? kUserInterruptGate : kInterruptGate;
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetLow      = ((UIntPtr) ptr_ivt[idt_indx] & 0xFFFF);
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Selector = kIDTSelector;
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Ist      = 0;
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].TypeAttributes =
+        kKernelInterruptId ? kUserInterruptGate : kInterruptGate;
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetLow = ((UIntPtr) ptr_ivt[idt_indx] & 0xFFFF);
     Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetMid =
         (((UIntPtr) ptr_ivt[idt_indx] >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
     Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetHigh =
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index 4c02e8cc..0c26f4cb 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_system_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
 /// @brief Enter Kernel call from assembly (libDDK only).
 /// @param stack the stack pushed from assembly routine.
 /// @return nothing.
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
-                                            Kernel::SizeT cnt, Kernel::UIntPtr arg, Kernel::SizeT sz) {
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash, Kernel::SizeT cnt,
+                                            Kernel::UIntPtr arg, Kernel::SizeT sz) {
   if (!Kernel::kRootUser) return;
   if (Kernel::kCurrentUser != Kernel::kRootUser) return;
   if (!Kernel::kCurrentUser->IsSuperUser()) return;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
index d5bc6bce..24e4e220 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
@@ -161,7 +161,8 @@ EXTERN_C void* memset(void* dst, int c, long long unsigned int len) {
 }
 
 EXTERN_C void* memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
-  Kernel::rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<void*>(src), dst, static_cast<Size>(len), static_cast<Size>(len));
+  Kernel::rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<void*>(src), dst, static_cast<Size>(len),
+                              static_cast<Size>(len));
   return dst;
 }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index b2e894d0..8092f53b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* mnt, _Input c
   }
 
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                     rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   urt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) vol_name, boot->fVolName, urt_string_len(vol_name) + 1);
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kHeFSMagic, boot->fMagic, kHeFSMagicLen - 1, sizeof(boot->fMagic));
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeDirectoryCtlManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt,
   HEFS_BOOT_NODE* boot = (HEFS_BOOT_NODE*) mm_alloc_ptr(sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE), Yes, No);
 
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                     rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt, VoidPtr bloc
   }
 
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                     rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeCtlManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt, _Input co
   }
 
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                     rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index 0bee64a8..14e0b974 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ _Output NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindFork(_Input NEFS_CATALOG_STRUC
     drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&local_buf);
 
     rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                   rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                        rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
     if (auto res = fs_ifs_read(&kMountpoint, drive, this->mDriveIndex); res) {
       switch (res) {
@@ -312,13 +312,14 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
   --i;
   if (kind == kNeFSCatalogKindDir) --i;
   while (name[i] != '/') --i;
-  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) (name + i), (VoidPtr) child_catalog->Name, rt_string_len(name) - i, kNeFSCatalogNameLen);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) (name + i), (VoidPtr) child_catalog->Name, rt_string_len(name) - i,
+                      kNeFSCatalogNameLen);
 
   NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT temporary_catalog{};
   Lba                 start_free = out_lba;
 
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   Char buf_part_block[sizeof(NEFS_ROOT_PARTITION_BLOCK)] = {0};
   drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(buf_part_block);
@@ -380,13 +381,15 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
 
       delete catalog;
       NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* found_catalog = new NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT();
-      rt_copy_memory_safe(&temporary_catalog, found_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT), sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(&temporary_catalog, found_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT),
+                          sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
 
       delete child_catalog;
       return found_catalog;
     } else if ((temporary_catalog.Flags & kNeFSFlagCreated) &&
                KStringBuilder::Equals(temporary_catalog.Name, name)) {
-      rt_copy_memory_safe(&temporary_catalog, child_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT), sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(&temporary_catalog, child_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT),
+                          sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
       delete catalog;
       return child_catalog;
     }
@@ -412,7 +415,7 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* drive, _Input const I
   // verify disk.
   drive->fVerify(drive->fPacket);
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive->fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive->fPacket.fPacketMime));
   if (!drive->fPacket.fPacketGood) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
     return false;
@@ -430,9 +433,10 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* drive, _Input const I
   if (rt_string_cmp(kNeFSIdent, part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen) == 0) return true;
 
   const auto kNeFSUntitledHD = part_name;
-  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kNeFSIdent, (VoidPtr) part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen, sizeof(part_block->Ident));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kNeFSIdent, (VoidPtr) part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen,
+                      sizeof(part_block->Ident));
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kNeFSUntitledHD, (VoidPtr) part_block->PartitionName,
-                 rt_string_len(kNeFSUntitledHD), sizeof(part_block->PartitionName));
+                      rt_string_len(kNeFSUntitledHD), sizeof(part_block->PartitionName));
 
   SizeT sectorCount    = drv_std_get_sector_count();
   SizeT sectorSize     = drive->fSectorSz;
@@ -515,7 +519,7 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::WriteCatalog(_Input const Char* catalog_name, Bool is_r
   rt_set_memory(buf, 0, size_of_data);
   rt_copy_memory_safe(data, buf, size_of_data, size_of_data);
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* fork_data_input = new NEFS_FORK_STRUCT();
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT  prev_fork{};
@@ -578,7 +582,7 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
   auto&                     drive = kMountpoint.A();
 
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
   drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&part);
   drive.fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(NEFS_ROOT_PARTITION_BLOCK);
   drive.fPacket.fPacketLba     = kNeFSRootCatalogStartAddress;
@@ -607,7 +611,8 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
           return nullptr;
         }
         NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* catalog_ptr = new NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT();
-        rt_copy_memory_safe(&tmp, catalog_ptr, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT), sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+        rt_copy_memory_safe(&tmp, catalog_ptr, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT),
+                            sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
         out_lba = cursor;
         return catalog_ptr;
       }
@@ -619,7 +624,8 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
   if (!KStringBuilder::Equals(catalog_name, NeFileSystemHelper::Root()) && local_search) {
     Char  parent_name[kNeFSCatalogNameLen] = {0};
     SizeT nameLen                          = rt_string_len(catalog_name);
-    rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<Char*>(catalog_name), parent_name, nameLen + 1, kNeFSCatalogNameLen);
+    rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<Char*>(catalog_name), parent_name, nameLen + 1,
+                        kNeFSCatalogNameLen);
 
     SizeT indexReverseCopy = nameLen - 1;
     if (parent_name[indexReverseCopy] == NeFileSystemHelper::Separator()) {
@@ -728,7 +734,7 @@ _Output Boolean NeFileSystemParser::RemoveCatalog(_Input const Char* catalog_nam
     catalog->Flags |= kNeFSFlagDeleted;
 
     rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                   rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                        rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
     drive.fPacket.fPacketLba     = out_lba;
     drive.fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT);
     drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(catalog);
@@ -796,7 +802,7 @@ VoidPtr NeFileSystemParser::ReadCatalog(_Input _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* cata
 
   auto* fs_buf = new NEFS_FORK_STRUCT();
   rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* fs_fork_data = nullptr;
   while (dataForkLba >= kNeFSCatalogStartAddress) {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc b/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
index 7f983d8b..c11e328d 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <FSKit/IndexableProperty.h>
-#include <NeKit/MutableArray.h>
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
+#include <NeKit/MutableArray.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
 /// @brief File indexer API for fast path access.
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ namespace Indexer {
   Void fs_index_file(const Char* filename, SizeT filenameLen, IndexableProperty& indexer) {
     if (!indexer.HasFlag(kIndexerClaimed)) {
       indexer.AddFlag(kIndexerClaimed);
-      rt_copy_memory_safe(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(filename)), (VoidPtr) indexer.Leak().Path, filenameLen, kIndexerCatalogNameLength);
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(filename)),
+                          (VoidPtr) indexer.Leak().Path, filenameLen, kIndexerCatalogNameLength);
 
       (Void)(kout << "FSKit: Indexed new file: " << filename << kendl);
     }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 98b7c7b7..006c4234 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-
+#include <ArchKit/ArchKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
 #include <KernelKit/HeapMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h>
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/OwnPtr.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
-#include <ArchKit/ArchKit.h>
 
 /// @brief PEF stack size symbol.
 #define kPefStackSizeSymbol "__PEFSizeOfReserveStack"
@@ -159,8 +158,9 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
         Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header->VMSize];
 
-        rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)), container_blob_value,
-                       container_header->VMSize, container_header->VMSize);
+        rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)),
+                            container_blob_value, container_header->VMSize,
+                            container_header->VMSize);
         mm_free_ptr(blob);
 
         kout << "PEFLoader: Information: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
index 601df1fa..2b0b06ba 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 #include <KernelKit/FileMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/HeapMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
+#include <KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h>
 #include <KernelKit/UserMgr.h>
-#include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
-#include <KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h>
+#include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
 #define kStdUserType (0xEE)
@@ -59,14 +59,16 @@ namespace Detail {
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 User::User(const Int32& sel, const Char* user_name) : mUserRing((UserRingKind) sel) {
   MUST_PASS(sel >= 0);
-  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name), kMaxUserNameLen);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name),
+                      kMaxUserNameLen);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /// @brief User ring constructor.
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 User::User(const UserRingKind& ring_kind, const Char* user_name) : mUserRing(ring_kind) {
-  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name), kMaxUserNameLen);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name),
+                      kMaxUserNameLen);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index 7b7e4497..ef2c0686 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
 #include <KernelKit/ProcessScheduler.h>
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
-#include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
+#include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
 
 ///! BUGS: 0
 
@@ -379,7 +379,8 @@ ProcessID UserProcessScheduler::Spawn(const Char* name, VoidPtr code, VoidPtr im
     return -kErrorProcessFault;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory_safe(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(name)), process.Name, len, kSchedNameLen);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(name)), process.Name, len,
+                      kSchedNameLen);
 
 #ifdef __NE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_SUPPORT__
   process.VMRegister = kKernelVM;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d432898acdc4cebae81bff06f2c954f7165ebeb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Jun 2025 10:03:49 +0200
Subject: fix: PEF format fixes.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
index a357e827..ed6fc423 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ enum {
   kPefArch32x0, /* 32x0. ISA */
   kPefArchPowerPC,
   kPefArchARM64,
-  kPefArchCount   = (kPefArchPowerPC - kPefArchIntel86S) + 1,
+  kPefArchCount   = (kPefArchARM64 - kPefArchIntel86S) + 1,
   kPefArchInvalid = 0xFF,
 };
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 77e25e47918f97b4fb0ce48f5adb854ccfa5ae76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Jun 2025 03:40:33 +0200
Subject: fix: UPS: Don't exit when process crashes.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index ef2c0686..add81f49 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 #include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
+#include "KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h"
 
 ///! BUGS: 0
 
@@ -40,8 +41,9 @@ USER_PROCESS::~USER_PROCESS() = default;
 Void USER_PROCESS::Crash() {
   if (this->Status != ProcessStatusKind::kRunning) return;
 
+  this->Status = ProcessStatusKind::kKilled;
+
   (Void)(kout << this->Name << ": crashed, error id: " << number(-kErrorProcessFault) << kendl);
-  this->Exit(-kErrorProcessFault);
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0fd5c96a48732950299784b0728d3bf5eee0234c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2025 09:02:15 +0200
Subject: fix: remove redundant header include.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index add81f49..94099c0a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 #include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
-#include "KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h"
 
 ///! BUGS: 0
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f3062a7d633d123c2de863398d174a0dd6516d85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2025 20:31:10 +0200
Subject: fix: Fix a bad `stacksym` check.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 006c4234..dfd3601b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ namespace Utils {
     if (id != kSchedInvalidPID) {
       auto stacksym = exec.FindSymbol(kPefStackSizeSymbol, kPefData);
 
-      if (!symname) {
+      if (!stacksym) {
         stacksym = ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{(VoidPtr) new UIntPtr(kSchedMaxStackSz)};
       }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b3c3b0f62331a695fb7c90c386c15396b6607575 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2025 10:36:15 +0200
Subject: feat: Introducing `FileTree` allocation and WiP DebugSrv integration.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h          | 12 ++----------
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h |  2 +-
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc      | 11 +++++++++++
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
index de3bc997..87649406 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <NeKit/Stream.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
-#define kDebugUnboundPort 0x0FEED
+#define kDebugPort (51820U)
 
 #define kDebugMag0 'K'
 #define kDebugMag1 'D'
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 namespace Kernel {
 class TerminalDevice;
 class DTraceDevice;
-class DebugDevice;
+class NeDebugDevice;
 class Utf8TerminalDevice;
 
 inline TerminalDevice end_line();
@@ -184,14 +184,6 @@ inline constexpr SizeT kDebugTypeLen = 256U;
 
 typedef Char rt_debug_type[kDebugTypeLen];
 
-/// @brief KDBG's packet header.
-class KernelDebugHeader final {
- public:
-  Int16         fPort;
-  Int16         fPortKind;
-  rt_debug_type fPortBlob;
-};
-
 inline TerminalDevice& operator<<(TerminalDevice& src, const Long& num) {
   src = number(num);
   return src;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
index 5bc5b8d2..ebe8d1cd 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class USER_PROCESS final {
   };
 
   USER_PROCESS_SIGNAL         Signal;
-  PROCESS_FILE_TREE<UInt32*>* FileTree{nullptr};
+  PROCESS_FILE_TREE<VoidPtr>* FileTree{nullptr};
   PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* HeapTree{nullptr};
   UserProcessTeam*            ParentTeam;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index 94099c0a..621c848b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -124,6 +124,17 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> USER_PROCESS::New(SizeT sz, SizeT pad_amount) {
   auto ptr           = mm_alloc_ptr(sz, Yes, Yes, pad_amount);
 #endif
 
+  if (!this->FileTree) {
+    this->FileTree = new PROCESS_FILE_TREE<VoidPtr>();
+
+    if (!this->FileTree) {
+      this->Crash();
+      return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>(-kErrorHeapOutOfMemory);
+    }
+
+    /// @todo File Tree allocation and dispose methods (amlal)
+  }
+
   if (!this->HeapTree) {
     this->HeapTree = new PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>();
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 38bf99758a949f52a4cff7849a6bfaeba2eec1c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2025 23:38:27 +0200
Subject: feat: FileTree `free` support.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index 621c848b..51f3f962 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -244,7 +244,8 @@ const AffinityKind& USER_PROCESS::GetAffinity() noexcept {
 /** @brief Free heap tree. */
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-STATIC Void sched_free_ptr_tree(PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* memory_ptr_list) {
+template <typename T>
+STATIC Void sched_free_ptr_tree(T* memory_ptr_list) {
   // Deleting memory lists. Make sure to free all of them.
   while (memory_ptr_list) {
     if (memory_ptr_list->Entry) {
@@ -284,6 +285,9 @@ Void USER_PROCESS::Exit(const Int32& exit_code) {
   sched_free_ptr_tree(this->HeapTree);
   this->HeapTree = nullptr;
 
+  sched_free_ptr_tree(this->FileTree);
+  this->FileTree = nullptr;
+
 #ifdef __NE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_SUPPORT__
   hal_write_cr3(pd);
 #endif
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ec80bc9633f3ef2acfa84adcfb0385d0ee55c6dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2025 23:39:04 +0200
Subject: feat: Generic `sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree` support.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index 51f3f962..89210b44 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ Void USER_PROCESS::Wake(Bool should_wakeup) {
 /** @param tree The tree to calibrate */
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-STATIC PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree(PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* tree) {
+template <typename T>
+STATIC PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree(T* tree) {
   if (!tree) {
     return nullptr;
   }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 72a77c5fff17756af7dedce01791ad349f414577 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2025 23:40:12 +0200
Subject: fix!: feat: Generic `sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree` support.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index 89210b44..a0ff733c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Void USER_PROCESS::Wake(Bool should_wakeup) {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 template <typename T>
-STATIC PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree(T* tree) {
+STATIC T* sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree(T* tree) {
   if (!tree) {
     return nullptr;
   }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 13e1137757626d274e7754d54e7db828da1e7fa8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2025 23:56:12 +0200
Subject: refactor: UPS: use correct name for *_ptr_tree functions.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index a0ff733c..ba6e1857 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -246,23 +246,23 @@ const AffinityKind& USER_PROCESS::GetAffinity() noexcept {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 template <typename T>
-STATIC Void sched_free_ptr_tree(T* memory_ptr_list) {
+STATIC Void sched_free_ptr_tree(T* tree) {
   // Deleting memory lists. Make sure to free all of them.
-  while (memory_ptr_list) {
-    if (memory_ptr_list->Entry) {
-      MUST_PASS(mm_free_ptr(memory_ptr_list->Entry));
+  while (tree) {
+    if (tree->Entry) {
+      MUST_PASS(mm_free_ptr(tree->Entry));
     }
 
-    auto next = memory_ptr_list->Next;
+    auto next = tree->Next;
 
     if (next->Child) sched_free_ptr_tree(next->Child);
 
-    memory_ptr_list->Child = nullptr;
+    tree->Child = nullptr;
 
-    mm_free_ptr(memory_ptr_list);
+    mm_free_ptr(tree);
 
-    memory_ptr_list = nullptr;
-    memory_ptr_list = next;
+    tree = nullptr;
+    tree = next;
   }
 }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 95ae0f42a5f22bd913a713db987729520c42a123 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Fri, 4 Jul 2025 18:58:57 +0200
Subject: feat: see below.

feat: Rework `OpenMSG` into `LibMSG`
feat: Rename `generic_kits` to `misc`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 CODEOWNERS                               |  2 +-
 compile_flags.txt                        |  2 +-
 dev/generic_kits/.keep                   |  0
 dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h       | 31 ------------------
 dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h    | 54 --------------------------------
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc |  2 +-
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc             | 12 +++----
 dev/libMsg/.keep                         |  0
 dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h              |  9 ++++++
 dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h               | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++
 dev/libMsg/obj/.keep                     |  0
 dev/libMsg/script/window_client.json     |  7 +++++
 dev/libMsg/src/.keep                     |  0
 dev/misc/.keep                           |  0
 dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h               | 31 ++++++++++++++++++
 dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h            | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 dev/open_msg/.keep                       |  0
 dev/open_msg/MsgKit/Server.h             | 22 -------------
 dev/open_msg/obj/.keep                   |  0
 dev/open_msg/script/window_client.json   |  7 -----
 dev/open_msg/src/.keep                   |  0
 21 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 123 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 dev/generic_kits/.keep
 delete mode 100644 dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
 create mode 100644 dev/libMsg/.keep
 create mode 100644 dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h
 create mode 100644 dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
 create mode 100644 dev/libMsg/obj/.keep
 create mode 100644 dev/libMsg/script/window_client.json
 create mode 100644 dev/libMsg/src/.keep
 create mode 100644 dev/misc/.keep
 create mode 100644 dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
 create mode 100644 dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/open_msg/.keep
 delete mode 100644 dev/open_msg/MsgKit/Server.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/open_msg/obj/.keep
 delete mode 100644 dev/open_msg/script/window_client.json
 delete mode 100644 dev/open_msg/src/.keep

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 1e498733..d68cd22f 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 /dev/kernel/ @amlel-el-mahrouss
 /dev/boot/ @amlel-el-mahrouss
 /dev/ddk/ @amlel-el-mahrouss
-/dev/open_msg/ @amlel-el-mahrouss
+/dev/libMsg/ @amlel-el-mahrouss
 /dev/libSystem/ @amlel-el-mahrouss
 # some other parts (tooling, frameworks) need ownership too.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compile_flags.txt b/compile_flags.txt
index 12740fa6..fbfd1d06 100644
--- a/compile_flags.txt
+++ b/compile_flags.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 -Idev/user
 -Idev/boot
 -Idev/system_sdk
--Idev/generic_kits
+-Idev/misc
 -Idev/ddk
 -Ipublic/tools
 -Ipublic/tools/mk.app
diff --git a/dev/generic_kits/.keep b/dev/generic_kits/.keep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29b..00000000
diff --git a/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h b/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 394f16fd..00000000
--- a/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#ifndef BENCHKIT_CHRONO_H
-#define BENCHKIT_CHRONO_H
-
-#include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
-#include <NeKit/Defines.h>
-
-namespace Kernel {
-class ChronoInterface;
-
-/// @brief a Chronometer interface used for benchmarking.
-class ChronoInterface {
- public:
-  ChronoInterface()          = default;
-  virtual ~ChronoInterface() = default;
-
-  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(ChronoInterface);
-
-  virtual void   Start()                = 0;
-  virtual void   Stop()                 = 0;
-  virtual void   Reset()                = 0;
-  virtual UInt64 GetElapsedTime() const = 0;
-};
-}  // namespace Kernel
-
-#endif  // BENCHKIT_CHRONO_H
diff --git a/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h b/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 229146cb..00000000
--- a/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h>
-
-#if defined(__NE_AMD64__)
-
-namespace Kernel {
-class X64Chrono;
-struct X64ChronoTraits;
-
-struct X64ChronoTraits {
- private:
-  STATIC UInt64 TickImpl_(void) {
-    UInt64 a = 0, d = 0;
-    __asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(a), "=d"(d));
-    return (d << 32) | a;
-  }
-
-  friend X64Chrono;
-};
-
-/// @brief X86_64 hardware chrono implementation using the `rdtsc` instruction.
-class X64Chrono : public ChronoInterface {
- public:
-  X64Chrono()           = default;
-  ~X64Chrono() override = default;
-
-  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(X64Chrono);
-
- public:
-  void Start() override { fStart = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
-
-  void Stop() override { fStop = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
-
-  void Reset() override {
-    fStart = 0;
-    fStop  = 0;
-  }
-
-  UInt64 GetElapsedTime() const override { return fStop - fStart; }
-
- private:
-  UInt64 fStart = 0;
-  UInt64 fStop  = 0;
-};
-}  // namespace Kernel
-
-#endif  // defined(__NE_AMD64__)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 446a1e85..2ddf980f 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include <KernelKit/Timer.h>
 #include <NetworkKit/IPC.h>
 #include <StorageKit/AHCI.h>
-#include <generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h>
+#include <misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h>
 #include <modules/ACPI/ACPIFactoryInterface.h>
 #include <modules/CoreGfx/TextGfx.h>
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index dfd3601b..f5f0eeb5 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -203,17 +203,17 @@ const Char* PEFLoader::Path() {
 
 const Char* PEFLoader::AsString() {
 #ifdef __32x0__
-  return "32x0 PEF.";
+  return "32x0 PEF";
 #elif defined(__64x0__)
-  return "64x0 PEF.";
+  return "64x0 PEF";
 #elif defined(__x86_64__)
-  return "x86_64 PEF.";
+  return "x86_64 PEF";
 #elif defined(__aarch64__)
-  return "AARCH64 PEF.";
+  return "AARCH64 PEF";
 #elif defined(__powerpc64__)
-  return "POWER64 PEF.";
+  return "POWER64 PEF";
 #else
-  return "???? PEF.";
+  return "???? PEF";
 #endif  // __32x0__ || __64x0__ || __x86_64__ || __powerpc64__
 }
 
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/.keep b/dev/libMsg/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7b562a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include  <libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33d10407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h>
+#else
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+#endif
+
+struct LIBMSG_EXPR;
+
+/// @brief an expression chain of LibMSG.
+struct LIBMSG_EXPR final {
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+  CF::CFString* l_key{nullptr};
+  CF::CFString* l_value{nullptr};
+#else
+  VoidPtr l_key{nullptr};
+  VoidPtr l_value{nullptr};
+#endif
+
+  LIBMSG_EXPR* l_head{nullptr};
+  LIBMSG_EXPR* l_tail{nullptr};
+  LIBMSG_EXPR* l_child{nullptr};
+};
+
+typedef Void (*libmsg_func_t)(LIBMSG_EXPR* arg);
+
+IMPORT_C Void   libmsg_init_library(libmsg_func_t* funcs, SizeT cnt);
+IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_eval_library(struct LIBMSG_EXPR* head);
+IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_close_library(Void);
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/obj/.keep b/dev/libMsg/obj/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/script/window_client.json b/dev/libMsg/script/window_client.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c8a21ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libMsg/script/window_client.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "id": 1,
+  "pos": { "x": 100, "y": 100 },
+  "size": { "w": 300, "h": 200 },
+  "title": "Window Client",
+  "on-click": "_OnClickCSymbol"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/src/.keep b/dev/libMsg/src/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/dev/misc/.keep b/dev/misc/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..394f16fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifndef BENCHKIT_CHRONO_H
+#define BENCHKIT_CHRONO_H
+
+#include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
+#include <NeKit/Defines.h>
+
+namespace Kernel {
+class ChronoInterface;
+
+/// @brief a Chronometer interface used for benchmarking.
+class ChronoInterface {
+ public:
+  ChronoInterface()          = default;
+  virtual ~ChronoInterface() = default;
+
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(ChronoInterface);
+
+  virtual void   Start()                = 0;
+  virtual void   Stop()                 = 0;
+  virtual void   Reset()                = 0;
+  virtual UInt64 GetElapsedTime() const = 0;
+};
+}  // namespace Kernel
+
+#endif  // BENCHKIT_CHRONO_H
diff --git a/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..706ce883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h>
+
+#if defined(__NE_AMD64__)
+
+namespace Kernel {
+class X64Chrono;
+struct X64ChronoTraits;
+
+struct X64ChronoTraits {
+ private:
+  STATIC UInt64 TickImpl_(void) {
+    UInt64 a = 0, d = 0;
+    __asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(a), "=d"(d));
+    return (d << 32) | a;
+  }
+
+  friend X64Chrono;
+};
+
+/// @brief X86_64 hardware chrono implementation using the `rdtsc` instruction.
+class X64Chrono : public ChronoInterface {
+ public:
+  X64Chrono()           = default;
+  ~X64Chrono() override = default;
+
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(X64Chrono);
+
+ public:
+  void Start() override { fStart = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
+
+  void Stop() override { fStop = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
+
+  void Reset() override {
+    fStart = 0;
+    fStop  = 0;
+  }
+
+  UInt64 GetElapsedTime() const override { return fStop - fStart; }
+
+ private:
+  UInt64 fStart = 0;
+  UInt64 fStop  = 0;
+};
+}  // namespace Kernel
+
+#endif  // defined(__NE_AMD64__)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/.keep b/dev/open_msg/.keep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29b..00000000
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/MsgKit/Server.h b/dev/open_msg/MsgKit/Server.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 54183472..00000000
--- a/dev/open_msg/MsgKit/Server.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <NeKit/KString.h>
-#include <NeKit/MutableArray.h>
-
-struct OPENMSG_EXPR;
-
-struct OPENMSG_EXPR {
-  Kernel::KString*                   l_head;
-  Kernel::MutableArray<OPENMSG_EXPR> l_args;
-};
-
-typedef Kernel::Void (*openmsg_func_t)(OPENMSG_EXPR* arg);
-
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void openmsg_init_library(openmsg_func_t* funcs, Kernel::SizeT cnt);
-EXTERN_C Kernel::UInt32 openmsg_close_library(Kernel::Void);
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/obj/.keep b/dev/open_msg/obj/.keep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29b..00000000
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/script/window_client.json b/dev/open_msg/script/window_client.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c8a21ba..00000000
--- a/dev/open_msg/script/window_client.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "id": 1,
-  "pos": { "x": 100, "y": 100 },
-  "size": { "w": 300, "h": 200 },
-  "title": "Window Client",
-  "on-click": "_OnClickCSymbol"
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/src/.keep b/dev/open_msg/src/.keep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29b..00000000
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 65350ab87ab7d577cd6d85bc6e9727beef5ee737 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sat, 5 Jul 2025 10:19:51 +0200
Subject: feat: Document `SpawnDylib`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
index ebe8d1cd..8a730233 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ class USER_PROCESS final {
   /***********************************************************************************/
   Void Crash();
 
+  /***********************************************************************************/
+  ///! @brief Spawns a dynamic library handle if dylib.
+  /***********************************************************************************/
   Bool SpawnDylib();
 
   /***********************************************************************************/
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f4370b44bacfa3035496aa6f5aca24469326ebff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sat, 5 Jul 2025 10:32:16 +0200
Subject: feat: add magic check in `fsck.hefs`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h                | 12 +++++++-----
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h              |  4 ++++
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h |  4 ++++
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h              |  3 ++-
 dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h                 |  2 +-
 tooling/fsck.hefs.cc                        |  8 ++++++--
 6 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h
index 05291929..dcab3607 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h
@@ -97,11 +97,13 @@ struct PACKED EPM_PART_BLOCK {
 ///! @brief Use in boot block version field.
 
 enum {
-  kEPMInvalid   = 0x00,
-  kEPMGeneric   = 0xcf,  /// @brief Generic OS
-  kEPMLinux     = 0x8f,  /// @brief Linux on EPM
-  kEPMBSD       = 0x9f,  /// @brief Berkeley Soft. Distribution
-  kEPMNeKernel  = 0x1f,  /// @brief NeKernel.
+  kEPMInvalid  = 0x00,
+  kEPMGeneric  = 0xcf,  /// @brief Generic OS
+  kEPMLinux    = 0x8f,  /// @brief Linux on EPM.
+  kEPMBSD      = 0x9f,  /// @brief BSD on EPM.
+  kEPMNeKernel = 0x1f,  /// @brief NeKernel.
+  kEPMVMKernel = 0x2f,  /// @brief VMKernel.
+  /// @note ... the rest is reserved for future OSes.
   kEPMInvalidOS = 0xff,
 };
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h
index 072ba4d5..c733bc47 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 #include <KernelKit/PECodeMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h>
 
+/// @file CodeMgr.h
+/// @brief Code Manager header file.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief Main process entrypoint.
 typedef void (*rtl_main_kind)(void);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index f64cbf22..e5606987 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 #include <NeKit/ErrorOr.h>
 
+/// @file CoreProcessScheduler.h
+/// @brief Core Process Scheduler header file.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 #define kSchedMinMicroTime (AffinityKind::kStandard)
 #define kSchedInvalidPID (-1)
 #define kSchedProcessLimitPerTeam (32U)
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
index 13eeabdf..adcb1d6e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
   File: FileMgr.h
   Purpose: Kernel file manager.
+  Author: Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
@@ -65,10 +66,10 @@ enum {
   kFileReadAll    = 101,
   kFileReadChunk  = 102,
   kFileWriteChunk = 103,
-  kFileIOCnt      = (kFileWriteChunk - kFileWriteAll) + 1,
   // File flags (HFS+, NeFS specific)
   kFileFlagRsrc = 104,
   kFileFlagData = 105,
+  kFileIOCnt    = (kFileFlagData - kFileWriteAll) + 1,
 };
 
 typedef VoidPtr NodePtr;
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h
index c7b562a2..7dd56877 100644
--- a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h
+++ b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include  <libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h>
\ No newline at end of file
+#include <libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc b/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
index ce386152..0fa697be 100644
--- a/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
+++ b/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 
   auto args = mkfs::detail::build_args(argc, argv);
 
-  auto opt_disk  = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-i");
+  auto opt_disk = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-i");
 
   if (opt_disk.empty()) {
     mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: error: HeFS is empty! Exiting..."
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
-
   std::ifstream output_device(opt_disk, std::ios::binary);
 
   if (!output_device.good()) {
@@ -37,6 +36,11 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   mkfs::hefs::BootNode boot_node;
   std::memset(&boot_node, 0, sizeof(boot_node));
 
+  if (strncmp(boot_node.magic, kHeFSMagic, kHeFSMagicLen) != 0) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Device is not an HeFS disk: " << opt_disk << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
   mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: HeFS partition is is healthy, exiting...\r";
 
   return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 739d4dd79a459aa0aecf4195c6e940e09fce9bce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 6 Jul 2025 18:18:46 +0200
Subject: fix: CoreProcessScheduler.h: Correct `kTreeKindCount` enum value to
 three.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index e5606987..e9dea5b3 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ enum {
   kInvalidTreeKind = 0U,
   kRedTreeKind     = 100U,
   kBlackTreeKind   = 101U,
-  kTreeKindCount   = 2U,
+  kTreeKindCount   = 3U,
 };
 
 template <typename T>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6e0a8d09c3cfa1ddc15c12ad966a660d21731709 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 6 Jul 2025 18:27:34 +0200
Subject: feat: set `fFile` to nullptr when freeing it.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
index adcb1d6e..18593f5c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
@@ -395,6 +395,7 @@ inline FileStream<Encoding, Class>::FileStream(const Encoding* path, const Encod
 template <typename Encoding, typename Class>
 inline FileStream<Encoding, Class>::~FileStream() {
   mm_free_ptr(fFile);
+  fFile = nullptr;
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a09ca66b2e7d8a05b0da4218b82d1897bce721ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Jul 2025 01:10:22 +0200
Subject: fix: FileMgr: use `sz` when `Reading` blob inside file.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
index 18593f5c..641dd448 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
@@ -285,12 +285,10 @@ class FileStream final {
         this->fFileRestrict != kFileMgrRestrictReadBinary)
       return nullptr;
 
-    NE_UNUSED(sz);
-
     auto man = FSClass::GetMounted();
 
     if (man) {
-      VoidPtr ret = man->Read(name, fFile, kFileReadAll, 0);
+      VoidPtr ret = man->Read(name, fFile, kFileReadAll, sz);
       return ret;
     }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f6a7873714c73b8f3d3190669f8a3181d6679b9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Jul 2025 08:11:41 +0200
Subject: refactor: FileMgr: remove useless macros.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
index 641dd448..40db0e14 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
@@ -49,11 +49,6 @@
 
 #define rtl_node_cast(PTR) reinterpret_cast<Kernel::NodePtr>(PTR)
 
-/**
-  @note Refer to first enum.
-*/
-#define kFileOpsCount (4U)
-
 #define kFileMimeGeneric "ne-application-kind/all"
 
 /** @brief invalid position. (n-pos) */
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3616886fed21351949865ba0f57011624a172e74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2025 09:35:45 +0200
Subject: feat: Reinforce code inside PEFCodeMgr and mkfs.hefs, extend
 fsck.hefs and libmkfs.

fix: Fix UserMgr FNV hashing.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc      |  9 +++++++--
 dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc         |  6 +++---
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc |  1 +
 dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc        |  2 ++
 tooling/fsck.hefs.cc              | 10 ++++++++--
 tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h            |  3 +++
 tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc              |  8 ++++++--
 7 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index f5f0eeb5..db24336e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 #include <NeKit/OwnPtr.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+/// @brief PEF backend for the Code Manager.
+/// @file PEFCodeMgr.cc
+
 /// @brief PEF stack size symbol.
 #define kPefStackSizeSymbol "__PEFSizeOfReserveStack"
 #define kPefHeapSizeSymbol "__PEFSizeOfReserveHeap"
@@ -61,9 +65,10 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
   fFile.New(const_cast<Char*>(path), kRestrictRB);
   fPath = KStringBuilder::Construct(path).Leak();
 
-  auto kPefHeader = "PEF_CONTAINER";
+  constexpr auto kPefHeader = "PEF_CONTAINER";
 
-  fCachedBlob = fFile->Read(kPefHeader, mib_cast(16));
+  /// @note zero here means that the FileMgr will read every container header inside the file. 
+  fCachedBlob = fFile->Read(kPefHeader, 0UL);
 
   PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
index 2b0b06ba..8e4ba540 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ namespace Detail {
   /// \return the hashed password
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   STATIC UInt64 user_fnv_generator(const Char* password, User* user) {
-    if (!password || !user) return 1;
-    if (*password == 0) return 1;
+    if (!password || !user) return 0;
+    if (*password == 0) return 0;
 
     kout << "user_fnv_generator: Hashing user password...\r";
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace Detail {
 
     kout << "user_fnv_generator: Hashed user password.\r";
 
-    return 0;
+    return hash;
   }
 }  // namespace Detail
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
index dd21ac49..73ba7285 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @file UserProcessTeam.cc
 /// @brief Process teams implementation.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 #include <KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
index ae17aed7..a5c03b85 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 namespace Kernel {
 Size urt_string_len(const Utf8Char* str) {
   SizeT len{0};
diff --git a/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc b/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
index 0fa697be..950a709b 100644
--- a/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
+++ b/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
@@ -34,14 +34,20 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   }
 
   mkfs::hefs::BootNode boot_node;
+  
   std::memset(&boot_node, 0, sizeof(boot_node));
 
-  if (strncmp(boot_node.magic, kHeFSMagic, kHeFSMagicLen) != 0) {
+  if (strncmp(boot_node.magic, kHeFSMagic, kHeFSMagicLen) != 0 || boot_node.sectorCount < 1 ||
+      boot_node.sectorSize < kMkFsSectorSz) {
     mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Device is not an HeFS disk: " << opt_disk << "\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
-  mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: HeFS partition is is healthy, exiting...\r";
+  if (boot_node.badSectors >= kMkFsMaxBadSectors) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: HeFS disk has too much bad sectors: " << opt_disk << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
 
+  mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: HeFS partition is is healthy, exiting...\r";
   return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h b/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
index d954624c..d87060da 100644
--- a/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
+++ b/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
 
+#define kMkFsSectorSz (512U)
+#define kMkFsMaxBadSectors (128U)
+
 /// @internal
 namespace mkfs {
 
diff --git a/tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc b/tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc
index c1cf9bca..3c2727fd 100644
--- a/tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc
+++ b/tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc
@@ -150,12 +150,16 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   boot_node.magic[magic_copy] = 0;
 
   constexpr size_t vol_slots = kHeFSPartNameLen;
+  
   std::memset(boot_node.volumeName, 0, sizeof(boot_node.volumeName));
+  
   size_t label_units = std::min(kLabel.size(), vol_slots - 1);
+
   for (size_t i = 0; i < label_units; ++i) {
-    boot_node.volumeName[i] = static_cast<char16_t>(kLabel[i]);
+    boot_node.volumeName[i] = static_cast<char8_t>(kLabel[i]);
   }
-  boot_node.volumeName[label_units] = 0;
+  
+  boot_node.volumeName[label_units] = 0U;
 
   output_device.seekp(static_cast<std::streamoff>(start_ind));
   if (!output_device.good()) {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b8ecc3fc6fced20f61095caf3eb6ec7eac4d818d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2025 16:35:47 +0200
Subject: refactor: Refactor NeKernel's TLS API.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
index 1b8e4821..7474289e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
@@ -12,22 +12,22 @@
 
 ///! @brief Thread Local Storage for neoskrnl.
 
-#define kCookieMag0Idx 0
-#define kCookieMag1Idx 1
-#define kCookieMag2Idx 2
+#define kCookieMag0Idx (0U)
+#define kCookieMag1Idx (1U)
+#define kCookieMag2Idx (2U)
 
 #define kCookieMag0 'Z'
 #define kCookieMag1 'K'
 #define kCookieMag2 'A'
 
-#define kTLSCookieLen (3U)
+#define kCookieMagLen (3U)
 
 struct THREAD_INFORMATION_BLOCK;
 
 /// @brief Thread Information Block.
 /// Located in GS on AMD64, other architectures have their own stuff. (64x0, 32x0, ARM64)
 struct PACKED THREAD_INFORMATION_BLOCK final {
-  Kernel::Char    Cookie[kTLSCookieLen]{0};  //! Thread Magic Number.
+  Kernel::Char    Cookie[kCookieMagLen]{0};  //! Thread Magic Number.
   Kernel::VoidPtr UserData{nullptr};  //! Thread Information Record (User defined canary structure)
 };
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a8130b763b7b7b184671f86be4462e7b1c6f7e90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2025 16:58:59 +0200
Subject: refactor: comments cleanup, breaking change! updated TLS magic from
 ZKA to NKO.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h            | 2 +-
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h | 6 +++---
 dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make                  | 2 +-
 dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make             | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
index 40db0e14..e00e036f 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #ifndef INC_FILEMGR_H
 #define INC_FILEMGR_H
 
-//! Include filesystems that neoskrnl supports.
+//! Include filesystems that NeKernel supports.
 #include <FSKit/Ext2.h>
 #include <FSKit/HeFS.h>
 #include <FSKit/NeFS.h>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
index 7474289e..47ff526c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 #include <NeKit/ErrorOr.h>
 
-///! @brief Thread Local Storage for neoskrnl.
+///! @brief Thread Local Storage for NeKernel.
 
 #define kCookieMag0Idx (0U)
 #define kCookieMag1Idx (1U)
 #define kCookieMag2Idx (2U)
 
-#define kCookieMag0 'Z'
+#define kCookieMag0 'N'
 #define kCookieMag1 'K'
-#define kCookieMag2 'A'
+#define kCookieMag2 'O'
 
 #define kCookieMagLen (3U)
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make b/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
index c728b29c..81b72b93 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
+++ b/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ##################################################
 # (c) Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-# This is the neoskrnl's makefile.
+# This is the NeKernel's makefile.
 ##################################################
 
 CXX			= x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++
diff --git a/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make b/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
index 21488782..2874d31c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
+++ b/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ##################################################
 # (c) Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-# This is the neoskrnl's makefile.
+# This is the NeKernel's makefile.
 ##################################################
 
 CXX			= x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 002de3d50a300e49c0c2b9f21c6b7efce218ca15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 2025 08:14:41 +0200
Subject: refactor! `CoreProcessScheduler` now uses `kFile` instead of `kFD`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h | 6 +++---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h             | 4 ++++
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h              | 5 +++++
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h           | 4 ++++
 4 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index e9dea5b3..01219214 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #define kSchedProcessLimitPerTeam (32U)
 #define kSchedTeamCount (256U)
 
-#define kSchedMaxMemoryLimit gib_cast(128) /* max physical memory limit */
+#define kSchedMaxMemoryLimit (gib_cast(128)) /* max physical memory limit */
 #define kSchedMaxStackSz (kib_cast(8))     /* maximum stack size */
 
 #define kSchedNameLen (128U)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ enum {
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE {
   static constexpr auto kPtr = true;
-  static constexpr auto kFD  = false;
+  static constexpr auto kFile  = false;
 
   T     Entry{nullptr};
   SizeT EntrySize{0UL};
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE {
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
   static constexpr auto kPtr = false;
-  static constexpr auto kFD  = true;
+  static constexpr auto kFile  = true;
 
   T     Entry{nullptr};
   SizeT EntrySize{0UL};
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
index 4a530deb..69df1cec 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #ifndef INC_DRIVE_MANAGER_H
 #define INC_DRIVE_MANAGER_H
 
+/// @file DriveMgr.h
+/// @brief Drive Manager.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
 #include <KernelKit/DeviceMgr.h>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
index e00e036f..d1334277 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@
 #ifndef INC_FILEMGR_H
 #define INC_FILEMGR_H
 
+
+/// @file FileMgr.h
+/// @brief File Manager.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 //! Include filesystems that NeKernel supports.
 #include <FSKit/Ext2.h>
 #include <FSKit/HeFS.h>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
index 18041f8f..899a1869 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #ifndef _INC_CODE_MANAGER_PEF_H_
 #define _INC_CODE_MANAGER_PEF_H_
 
+/// @file PEFCodeMgr.h
+/// @brief PEF Code Manager header file.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 #include <KernelKit/FileMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/PEF.h>
 #include <NeKit/ErrorOr.h>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 44b09ad2f4b701414379e3a4567e5c7dd1d77413 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 2025 11:47:51 +0200
Subject: feat: KID, UPS improvements, and future refactors regarding the
 FileTree system inside the UPS.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h    | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl |  2 +-
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc        |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
index 57b83ccb..222041e8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@
 #include <KernelKit/LockDelegate.h>
 
 namespace Kernel {
+class KernelTaskHelper;
+
+typedef PID KID;
+
+/// @brief Equivalent of USER_PROCESS, but for kernel tasks.
+/// @author Amlal
 class KERNEL_TASK final {
  public:
   Char               Name[kSchedNameLen] = {"KERNEL_TASK"};
@@ -23,5 +29,17 @@ class KERNEL_TASK final {
   UInt8*             StackReserve{nullptr};
   SizeT              StackSize{kSchedMaxStackSz};
   PROCESS_IMAGE      Image{};
+  /// @brief a KID is a Kernel Identification Descriptor, it is used to find a task running within the kernel.
+  KID                Kid{0};
+};
+
+/// @brief Equivalent of UserProcessHelper, but for kernel tasks.
+/// @author Amlal
+class KernelTaskHelper final {
+ public:
+  STATIC Bool Switch(HAL::StackFramePtr frame_ptr, PID new_kid);
+  STATIC Bool CanBeScheduled(const KERNEL_TASK& process);
+  STATIC ErrorOr<PID> TheCurrentKID();
+  STATIC SizeT        StartScheduling();
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl
index df35e037..0605a5e0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 /***********************************************************************************/
-/** @brief Free pointer from usage. */
+/** @brief Free pointer/file from usage. */
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 template <typename T>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index ba6e1857..7e14fa62 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ STATIC T* sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree(T* tree) {
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
-/** @brief Allocate pointer to heap tree. */
+/** @brief Allocate pointer to heap/file tree. */
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 ErrorOr<VoidPtr> USER_PROCESS::New(SizeT sz, SizeT pad_amount) {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 34ff4ddd4ddeb4a8262dc86cdddc3677e5bfbc72 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2025 02:11:33 +0200
Subject: feat: Fix FNV's pointer check.

why:

 - It doesn't have any pointer check.
 - We could save cycles by also checking for `*path == 0`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc | 2 ++
 dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h          | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index 8092f53b..344369d5 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ namespace Detail {
   /// @param path the directory path.
   /// @return The hashed path.
   STATIC UInt64 hefsi_hash_64(const Utf8Char* path) {
+    if (!path || *path == 0) return 0;
+
     const UInt64 FNV_OFFSET_BASIS = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
     const UInt64 FNV_PRIME        = 0x100000001b3ULL;
 
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
index 5a840df1..a1505b46 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_3(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1, VoidPtr arg3);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_4(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1, VoidPtr arg3, VoidPtr arg4);
 
 inline UInt64 libsys_hash_64(const Char* path) {
+  if (!path || *path == 0) return 0;
+
   const UInt64 FNV_OFFSET_BASIS = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
   const UInt64 FNV_PRIME        = 0x100000001b3ULL;
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8a72d5231f308e1f0c41f267149c32928dab4b96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2025 09:55:46 +0200
Subject: feat: Add ownership for future audit purposes.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc        | 5 +++++
 dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc           | 3 ++-
 dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc            | 1 +
 dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc    | 1 +
 dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc      | 1 +
 dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc | 1 +
 dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc              | 1 +
 7 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc b/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
index bbf7a477..8c8cdc0f 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ namespace Kernel {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Unlocks the binary mutex.
 /***********************************************************************************/
+
 Bool BinaryMutex::Unlock() noexcept {
   if (fLockingProcess.Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning) {
     fLockingProcess        = USER_PROCESS();
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::Unlock() noexcept {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Locks process in the binary mutex.
 /***********************************************************************************/
+
 Bool BinaryMutex::Lock(USER_PROCESS& process) {
   if (!process || this->IsLocked()) return No;
 
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::Lock(USER_PROCESS& process) {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Checks if process is locked.
 /***********************************************************************************/
+
 Bool BinaryMutex::IsLocked() const {
   return this->fLockingProcess.Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning;
 }
@@ -43,6 +46,7 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::IsLocked() const {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Try lock or wait.
 /***********************************************************************************/
+
 Bool BinaryMutex::LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS& process, TimerInterface* timer) {
   if (timer == nullptr) return No;
 
@@ -57,6 +61,7 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS& process, TimerInterface* timer) {
 /// @brief Wait for process **sec** until we check if it's free.
 /// @param sec seconds.
 /***********************************************************************************/
+
 BOOL BinaryMutex::WaitForProcess(const Int16& sec) noexcept {
   HardwareTimer hw_timer(rtl_milliseconds(sec));
   hw_timer.Wait();
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc
index b7c181c8..9f107e97 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @file DriveMgr.cc
-/// @brief Drive Manager of kernel.
+/// @brief Drive Manager of NeKernel.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 namespace Kernel {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc
index e000965f..faed9ae1 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @file FileMgr.cc
 //! @brief File System Manager API.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 namespace Kernel {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc b/dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc
index d1d4eeca..a24fba72 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ using namespace Kernel;
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @file IPEFDylibObject.cc
 /// @brief PEF's Dylib runtime.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc b/dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc
index 535bec9e..52087931 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <KernelKit/Timer.h>
 
 /// @brief SoftwareTimer class, meant to be generic.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 
 using namespace Kernel;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc b/dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc
index 03a71f1a..f54eeaab 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 /// @bugs: 0
 /// @file ThreadLocalStorage.cc
 /// @brief NeKernel Thread Local Storage.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 using namespace Kernel;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc
index 826be99a..6539f1a9 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 ///! BUGS: 0
 ///! @file Timer.cc
 ///! @brief Software Timer implementation
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 
 using namespace Kernel;
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6eb928f5ac24c1602eb4207a7662a2fff818dfe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2025 09:56:41 +0200
Subject: feat: Add ownership for future audit purposes.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
index df678d41..22737dbe 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #define kBitMapSizeIdx (1U)
 #define kBitMapUsedIdx (2U)
 
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 namespace Kernel {
 namespace HAL {
   namespace Detail {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5e0d656c5762e8123dde32d959255bd71d9e2184 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2025 10:27:27 +0200
Subject: refactor: use `rt_debug_cmd` instead of `rt_debug_type`

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
index 87649406..992d1ca7 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
@@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ inline TerminalDevice get_console_in(Char* buf) {
   return self;
 }
 
-inline constexpr SizeT kDebugTypeLen = 256U;
+inline constexpr SizeT kDebugCmdLen = 256U;
 
-typedef Char rt_debug_type[kDebugTypeLen];
+typedef Char rt_debug_cmd[kDebugCmdLen];
 
 inline TerminalDevice& operator<<(TerminalDevice& src, const Long& num) {
   src = number(num);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ce891b401974242f193b2dc4e4581a8cb17e6c95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2025 13:59:44 +0200
Subject: fix: `kKernelVM` shall be validated in case it is null.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 2ddf980f..03b0d39f 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
 
   kKernelVM = kHandoverHeader->f_PageStart;
 
+  MUST_PASS(kKernelVM);
+
   hal_write_cr3(kKernelVM);
 
   /************************************** */
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b64da4658e72fa2a1da6dcc8686642ed1e247aa3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2025 14:08:00 +0200
Subject: fix: Validate `kKernelVM` correctly, instead of using the debug
 `MUST_PASS` macro.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 03b0d39f..39f7de1d 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -42,8 +42,11 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
                          handover_hdr->f_HardwareTables.f_ImageHandle);
 
   kKernelVM = kHandoverHeader->f_PageStart;
-
-  MUST_PASS(kKernelVM);
+  
+  if (!kKernelVM) {
+    MUST_PASS(kKernelVM);
+    return kEfiFail;
+  }
 
   hal_write_cr3(kKernelVM);
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8174a8c538c1cd4771f23b1b2ee59f897b7b23d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 17 Jul 2025 07:44:37 +0100
Subject: feat: Update tooling from btb to nebuild. Moved platform specific ABI
 into their own HAL.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 README.md                             |  2 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc     | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc |  2 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc     | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-AMD64.cc        | 82 -------------------------------
 dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-ARM64.cc        | 91 -----------------------------------
 modules_ahci_x64.sh                   |  4 +-
 modules_pio_x64.sh                    |  4 +-
 setup_x64_project.sh                  |  4 +-
 tooling/fsck.hefs.cc                  |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 175 insertions(+), 182 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc
 create mode 100644 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc
 delete mode 100644 dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-AMD64.cc
 delete mode 100644 dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-ARM64.cc

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8304bbb8..dc9acf93 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 - [MinGW](https://www.mingw-w64.org/) (cross-compiling)
 - [Clang](https://clang.llvm.org/)
 - [NASM](https://nasm.us/)
-- [NeBuild](https://github.com/nekernel-org/btb) (build system)
+- [NeBuild](https://github.com/nekernel-org/nebuild) (build system)
 
 ### **Build & Run**
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd135abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
+#include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
+#include <KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h>
+#include <NeKit/CxxAbi.h>
+
+atexit_func_entry_t __atexit_funcs[kAtExitMacDestructors];
+
+uarch_t __atexit_func_count;
+
+/// @brief dynamic shared object Handle.
+Kernel::UIntPtr __dso_handle;
+
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void __cxa_pure_virtual(void* self) {
+  (Kernel::Void)(Kernel::kout << "object: "
+                              << Kernel::number(reinterpret_cast<Kernel::UIntPtr>(self)));
+  (Kernel::Void)(Kernel::kout << ", has unimplemented virtual functions.\r");
+}
+
+EXTERN_C void ___chkstk_ms(PtrDiff frame_size) {
+  char* sp;
+  asm volatile("mov %%rsp, %0" : "=r"(sp));
+
+  for (PtrDiff offset = kPageSize; offset < frame_size; offset += kPageSize) {
+    sp[-offset] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+EXTERN_C int atexit(void (*f)()) {
+  if (__atexit_func_count >= kAtExitMacDestructors) return 1;
+
+  __atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].destructor_func = f;
+
+  __atexit_func_count++;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+EXTERN_C void __cxa_finalize(void* f) {
+  uarch_t i = __atexit_func_count;
+  if (!f) {
+    while (i--) {
+      if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func) {
+        (*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)();
+      };
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  while (i--) {
+    if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func) {
+      (*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)();
+      __atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func = 0;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+namespace cxxabiv1 {
+EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_acquire(__guard* g) {
+  (void) g;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_release(__guard* g) {
+  *(char*) g = 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+EXTERN_C void __cxa_guard_abort(__guard* g) {
+  (void) g;
+}
+}  // namespace cxxabiv1
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc
index e58fb782..17a60515 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 using namespace Kernel;
 
-/// @brief Send APM command to it's IO space.
+/// @brief Send APM command to its IO space.
 /// @param base_dma the IO base port.
 /// @param cmd the command.
 /// @return status code.
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09898b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
+#include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
+#include <NeKit/CxxAbi.h>
+
+atexit_func_entry_t __atexit_funcs[kAtExitMacDestructors];
+
+uarch_t __atexit_func_count;
+
+/// @brief dynamic shared object Handle.
+Kernel::UIntPtr __dso_handle;
+
+EXTERN_C void __chkstk(void) {}
+
+EXTERN_C int atexit(void (*f)(), void* arg, void* dso) {
+  if (__atexit_func_count >= kAtExitMacDestructors) return 1;
+
+  __atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].destructor_func = f;
+  __atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].obj_ptr         = arg;
+  __atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].dso_handle      = dso;
+
+  __atexit_func_count++;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+EXTERN_C void __cxa_finalize(void* f) {
+  uarch_t i = __atexit_func_count;
+  if (!f) {
+    while (i--) {
+      if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func) {
+        (*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)();
+        __atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func = 0;
+      };
+    }
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  while (i--) {
+    if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func) {
+      (*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)();
+      __atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func = 0;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+namespace cxxabiv1 {
+EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_acquire(__guard* g) {
+  (void) g;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_release(__guard* g) {
+  *(char*) g = 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+EXTERN_C void __cxa_guard_abort(__guard* g) {
+  (void) g;
+}
+}  // namespace cxxabiv1
+
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _purecall(void* self) {
+  (Kernel::Void)(Kernel::kout << "object: "
+                              << Kernel::number(reinterpret_cast<Kernel::UIntPtr>(self)));
+  (Kernel::Void)(Kernel::kout << ", has unimplemented virtual functions.\r");
+}
+
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _Init_thread_footer(Kernel::Int* thread_obj) {
+  NE_UNUSED(thread_obj);
+}
+
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _Init_thread_epoch(Kernel::Void) {
+  NE_UNUSED(0);
+}
+
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _Init_thread_header(Kernel::Int* thread_obj) {
+  NE_UNUSED(0);
+}
+
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Int _tls_index = 0UL;
+
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-AMD64.cc b/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-AMD64.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 30c8306e..00000000
--- a/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-AMD64.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#ifdef __NE_AMD64__
-
-#include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
-#include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
-#include <KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h>
-#include <NeKit/CxxAbi.h>
-
-atexit_func_entry_t __atexit_funcs[kAtExitMacDestructors];
-
-uarch_t __atexit_func_count;
-
-/// @brief dynamic shared object Handle.
-Kernel::UIntPtr __dso_handle;
-
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void __cxa_pure_virtual(void* self) {
-  (Kernel::Void)(Kernel::kout << "object: "
-                              << Kernel::number(reinterpret_cast<Kernel::UIntPtr>(self)));
-  (Kernel::Void)(Kernel::kout << ", has unimplemented virtual functions.\r");
-}
-
-EXTERN_C void ___chkstk_ms(PtrDiff frame_size) {
-  char* sp;
-  asm volatile("mov %%rsp, %0" : "=r"(sp));
-
-  for (PtrDiff offset = kPageSize; offset < frame_size; offset += kPageSize) {
-    sp[-offset] = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-EXTERN_C int atexit(void (*f)()) {
-  if (__atexit_func_count >= kAtExitMacDestructors) return 1;
-
-  __atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].destructor_func = f;
-
-  __atexit_func_count++;
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-EXTERN_C void __cxa_finalize(void* f) {
-  uarch_t i = __atexit_func_count;
-  if (!f) {
-    while (i--) {
-      if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func) {
-        (*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)();
-      };
-    }
-
-    return;
-  }
-
-  while (i--) {
-    if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func) {
-      (*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)();
-      __atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func = 0;
-    };
-  }
-}
-
-namespace cxxabiv1 {
-EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_acquire(__guard* g) {
-  (void) g;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_release(__guard* g) {
-  *(char*) g = 1;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-EXTERN_C void __cxa_guard_abort(__guard* g) {
-  (void) g;
-}
-}  // namespace cxxabiv1
-
-#endif  // ifdef __NE_AMD64__
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-ARM64.cc b/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-ARM64.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index e91eb958..00000000
--- a/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-ARM64.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#ifdef __NE_ARM64__
-
-#include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
-#include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
-#include <NeKit/CxxAbi.h>
-
-atexit_func_entry_t __atexit_funcs[kAtExitMacDestructors];
-
-uarch_t __atexit_func_count;
-
-/// @brief dynamic shared object Handle.
-Kernel::UIntPtr __dso_handle;
-
-EXTERN_C void __chkstk(void) {}
-
-EXTERN_C int atexit(void (*f)(), void* arg, void* dso) {
-  if (__atexit_func_count >= kAtExitMacDestructors) return 1;
-
-  __atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].destructor_func = f;
-  __atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].obj_ptr         = arg;
-  __atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].dso_handle      = dso;
-
-  __atexit_func_count++;
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-EXTERN_C void __cxa_finalize(void* f) {
-  uarch_t i = __atexit_func_count;
-  if (!f) {
-    while (i--) {
-      if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func) {
-        (*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)();
-        __atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func = 0;
-      };
-    }
-
-    return;
-  }
-
-  while (i--) {
-    if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func) {
-      (*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)();
-      __atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func = 0;
-    };
-  }
-}
-
-namespace cxxabiv1 {
-EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_acquire(__guard* g) {
-  (void) g;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_release(__guard* g) {
-  *(char*) g = 1;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-EXTERN_C void __cxa_guard_abort(__guard* g) {
-  (void) g;
-}
-}  // namespace cxxabiv1
-
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _purecall(void* self) {
-  (Kernel::Void)(Kernel::kout << "object: "
-                              << Kernel::number(reinterpret_cast<Kernel::UIntPtr>(self)));
-  (Kernel::Void)(Kernel::kout << ", has unimplemented virtual functions.\r");
-}
-
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _Init_thread_footer(Kernel::Int* thread_obj) {
-  NE_UNUSED(thread_obj);
-}
-
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _Init_thread_epoch(Kernel::Void) {
-  NE_UNUSED(0);
-}
-
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _Init_thread_header(Kernel::Int* thread_obj) {
-  NE_UNUSED(0);
-}
-
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Int _tls_index = 0UL;
-
-#endif  // ifdef __NE_ARM64__
diff --git a/modules_ahci_x64.sh b/modules_ahci_x64.sh
index eadce549..89d5f60b 100755
--- a/modules_ahci_x64.sh
+++ b/modules_ahci_x64.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # 04/05/25: Improve and fix script.
 
 cd dev/boot/modules/SysChk
-btb amd64-ahci-epm.json
+nebuild amd64-ahci-epm.json
 cd ../
 cd BootNet
-btb amd64.json
\ No newline at end of file
+nebuild amd64.json
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/modules_pio_x64.sh b/modules_pio_x64.sh
index b091704e..bc1153ba 100755
--- a/modules_pio_x64.sh
+++ b/modules_pio_x64.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # 04/05/25: Improve and fix script.
 
 cd dev/boot/modules/SysChk
-btb amd64-pio-epm.json
+nebuild amd64-pio-epm.json
 cd ../
 cd BootNet
-btb amd64.json
\ No newline at end of file
+nebuild amd64.json
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/setup_x64_project.sh b/setup_x64_project.sh
index fd5edf7c..da74a332 100755
--- a/setup_x64_project.sh
+++ b/setup_x64_project.sh
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ cd dev/libSystem
 cd src
 make libsys_asm_io_x64
 cd ..
-btb libSystem.json
+nebuild libSystem.json
 cd ../ddk
-btb ddk.json
+nebuild ddk.json
 cd ../boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make efi
 make -f amd64-desktop.make epm-img
diff --git a/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc b/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
index 950a709b..e59cacc0 100644
--- a/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
+++ b/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
-  if (boot_node.badSectors >= kMkFsMaxBadSectors) {
+  if (boot_node.badSectors > kMkFsMaxBadSectors) {
     mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: HeFS disk has too much bad sectors: " << opt_disk << "\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 61236d6fba58fb0edc62ddf39a5ebbff049e2648 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 14:59:05 +0100
Subject: fix: GfkKit&MKFSLib: inline function inside headers to avoid symbol
 duplicates (libmkfs) and include DeviceMgr in FB inside GfxKit, remove FB
 module too from the includes; as it is not necessary and confusing inside
 GfxKit.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h | 3 +--
 tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h | 9 +++++----
 tooling/manual.py      | 9 ---------
 tooling/mk_htman.py    | 9 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tooling/manual.py
 create mode 100755 tooling/mk_htman.py

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h b/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
index 14f0393c..d7523064 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <modules/CoreGfx/CoreGfx.h>
-#include <modules/CoreGfx/TextGfx.h>
+#include <KernelKit/DeviceMgr.h>
 
 namespace Kernel {
 class FBDeviceInterface;
diff --git a/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h b/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
index d87060da..1765e1d4 100644
--- a/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
+++ b/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <tooling/rang.h>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -19,11 +20,11 @@ namespace mkfs {
 namespace detail {
   /// @internal
   /// @brief GB‐to‐byte conversion (use multiplication, not XOR).
-  static constexpr size_t gib_cast(uint32_t gb) {
+  inline constexpr size_t gib_cast(uint32_t gb) {
     return static_cast<size_t>(gb) * 1024ULL * 1024ULL * 1024ULL;
   }
 
-  static bool parse_decimal(const std::string& opt, unsigned long long& out) {
+  inline bool parse_decimal(const std::string& opt, unsigned long long& out) {
     if (opt.empty()) return false;
     char*              endptr = nullptr;
     unsigned long long val    = std::strtoull(opt.c_str(), &endptr, 10);
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ namespace detail {
     return true;
   }
 
-  static bool parse_signed(const std::string& opt, long& out, int base = 10) {
+  inline bool parse_signed(const std::string& opt, long& out, int base = 10) {
     if (opt.empty()) return false;
     char* endptr = nullptr;
     long  val    = std::strtol(opt.c_str(), &endptr, base);
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ namespace detail {
     return true;
   }
 
-  static std::string build_args(int argc, char** argv) {
+  inline std::string build_args(int argc, char** argv) {
     std::string combined;
     for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
       combined += argv[i];
diff --git a/tooling/manual.py b/tooling/manual.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8298559b..00000000
--- a/tooling/manual.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import sys, os
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-        print("Usage: manual.py <manual_path>")
-        sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
diff --git a/tooling/mk_htman.py b/tooling/mk_htman.py
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8298559b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tooling/mk_htman.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+import sys, os
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        print("Usage: manual.py <manual_path>")
+        sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3d1932fb68aa20b87429b55355bb051f817070ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sat, 19 Jul 2025 11:48:34 +0100
Subject: feat: CoreProcessScheduler has now a 'kSpecial' type for trees.
 (Because of SwapKit, or devices) reworked LibMSG lisp function pointer type.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h | 6 ++++--
 dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h                  | 6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index 01219214..e8ac158e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -47,8 +47,9 @@ enum {
 
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE {
-  static constexpr auto kPtr = true;
+  static constexpr auto kHeap = true;
   static constexpr auto kFile  = false;
+  static constexpr auto kSpecial  = false;
 
   T     Entry{nullptr};
   SizeT EntrySize{0UL};
@@ -73,8 +74,9 @@ struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE {
 
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
-  static constexpr auto kPtr = false;
+  static constexpr auto kHeap = false;
   static constexpr auto kFile  = true;
+  static constexpr auto kSpecial  = false;
 
   T     Entry{nullptr};
   SizeT EntrySize{0UL};
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
index 33d10407..aee0dbdd 100644
--- a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
+++ b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
@@ -29,8 +29,10 @@ struct LIBMSG_EXPR final {
   LIBMSG_EXPR* l_child{nullptr};
 };
 
-typedef Void (*libmsg_func_t)(LIBMSG_EXPR* arg);
+/// @brief Function type for LibMSG lisp.
+typedef Void (*libmsg_func_t)(LIBMSG_EXPR* self, VoidPtr arg, SizeT arg_size);
 
 IMPORT_C Void   libmsg_init_library(libmsg_func_t* funcs, SizeT cnt);
-IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_eval_library(struct LIBMSG_EXPR* head);
 IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_close_library(Void);
+
+IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_eval_expr(struct LIBMSG_EXPR* head);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1e12163836e649da0d67fc8f17bc9a415554efe4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sat, 19 Jul 2025 16:11:51 +0100
Subject: feat: wip: new tree kind 'kSpecial' and refactor user scheduler code
 temporary regarding FileTree allocation.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc | 24 ++++++++++----------
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc    | 23 ++++++++++---------
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h        | 17 ++++++++------
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h        |  4 ++--
 dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc             | 26 +++++++++++-----------
 5 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index 8b4c0d1a..79f25920 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -45,15 +45,15 @@ struct HAL_APIC_MADT;
 struct HAL_HARDWARE_THREAD;
 
 struct HAL_HARDWARE_THREAD final {
-  HAL::StackFramePtr mFramePtr;
-  ProcessID          mThreadID{0};
+  StackFramePtr mFramePtr;
+  ProcessID     mThreadID{0};
 };
 
-EXTERN_C Void sched_jump_to_task(HAL::StackFramePtr stack_frame);
+EXTERN_C Void sched_jump_to_task(StackFramePtr stack_frame);
 
-STATIC HAL_APIC_MADT* kMADTBlock = nullptr;
-STATIC Bool           kSMPAware  = false;
-STATIC Int64          kSMPCount  = 0;
+STATIC HAL_APIC_MADT* kSMPBlock = nullptr;
+STATIC Bool           kSMPAware = false;
+STATIC Int64          kSMPCount = 0;
 
 EXTERN_C UIntPtr kApicBaseAddress;
 
@@ -160,11 +160,11 @@ Void mp_init_cores(VoidPtr vendor_ptr) noexcept {
     return;
   }
 
-  kRawMADT   = pwr.Leak().Leak();
-  kMADTBlock = reinterpret_cast<HAL_APIC_MADT*>(kRawMADT);
-  kSMPAware  = NO;
+  kRawMADT  = pwr.Leak().Leak();
+  kSMPBlock = reinterpret_cast<HAL_APIC_MADT*>(kRawMADT);
+  kSMPAware = NO;
 
-  if (kMADTBlock) {
+  if (kSMPBlock) {
     kSMPInterrupt = 0;
     kSMPCount     = 0;
 
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ Void mp_init_cores(VoidPtr vendor_ptr) noexcept {
     controller.Write(LAPIC_REG_TIMER_LVT, 0x20 | (1 << 17));
     controller.Write(LAPIC_REG_TIMER_INITCNT, 1000000);
 
-    volatile UInt8* entry_ptr = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt8*>(kMADTBlock->List);
-    volatile UInt8* end_ptr   = ((UInt8*) kMADTBlock) + kMADTBlock->Length;
+    volatile UInt8* entry_ptr = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt8*>(kSMPBlock->List);
+    volatile UInt8* end_ptr   = ((UInt8*) kSMPBlock) + kSMPBlock->Length;
 
     while (entry_ptr < end_ptr) {
       UInt8 type   = *entry_ptr;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
index cd41480a..3363e809 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ template <BOOL Write, BOOL CommandOrCTRL, BOOL Identify>
 STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz,
                                       SizeT size_buffer) noexcept {
   if (sector_sz == 0) {
-    kout << "Invalid sector size.\r";
+    kout << "ahci: Invalid sector size.\r";
     err_global_get() = kErrorDisk;
     return;
   }
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   lba /= sector_sz;
 
   if (!buffer || size_buffer == 0) {
-    kout << "Invalid buffer for AHCI I/O.\r";
+    kout << "ahci: Invalid buffer for AHCI I/O.\r";
     err_global_get() = kErrorDisk;
     return;
   }
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
 
   while (slot == ~0UL) {
     if (timeout > kTimeout) {
-      kout << "No free command slot found, AHCI disk is busy!\r";
+      kout << "ahci: No free command slot found, AHCI disk is busy!\r";
 
       err_global_get() = kErrorDisk;
       return;
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   command_table->Prdt[prdt_index - 1].Ie = YES;
 
   if (bytes_remaining > 0) {
-    kout << "Warning: AHCI PRDT overflow, cannot map full buffer.\r";
+    kout << "ahci: AHCI PRDT overflow, cannot map full buffer.\r";
     err_global_get() = kErrorDisk;
     rtl_dma_free(size_buffer);
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
 
   while (YES) {
     if (timeout > kTimeout) {
-      kout << "Disk hangup!\r";
+      kout << "ahci: disk-hangup, corrupted-disk.\r";
       err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
       rtl_dma_free(size_buffer);
 
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   rtl_dma_flush(ptr, size_buffer);
 
   if (kSATAHba->Is & kSATAErrTaskFile) {
-    kout << "AHCI Task File Error during I/O.\r";
+    kout << "ahci: Task File Error during I/O.\r";
 
     rtl_dma_free(size_buffer);
     err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
@@ -293,9 +293,8 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
     if ((kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq)) == 0) {
       goto ahci_io_end;
     } else {
-      kout << "Warning: Disk still busy after command completion!\r";
-      while (kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq))
-        ;
+      kout << "ahci: Disk still busy after command completion!\r";
+      while (kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq));
     }
 
   ahci_io_end:
@@ -308,13 +307,15 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   @brief Gets the number of sectors inside the drive.
   @return Sector size in bytes.
  */
-STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused) SizeT drv_get_sector_count_ahci() {
+STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused)
+SizeT  drv_get_sector_count_ahci() {
   return kSATASectorCount;
 }
 
 /// @brief Get the drive size.
 /// @return Disk size in bytes.
-STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused) SizeT drv_get_size_ahci() {
+STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused)
+SizeT  drv_get_size_ahci() {
   return drv_std_get_sector_count() * kAHCISectorSize;
 }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index e8ac158e..170244eb 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #define kSchedTeamCount (256U)
 
 #define kSchedMaxMemoryLimit (gib_cast(128)) /* max physical memory limit */
-#define kSchedMaxStackSz (kib_cast(8))     /* maximum stack size */
+#define kSchedMaxStackSz (kib_cast(8))       /* maximum stack size */
 
 #define kSchedNameLen (128U)
 
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ class UserProcessTeam;
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE;
 
+template <typename T>
+struct PROCESS_SPECIAL_TREE;
+
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE;
 
@@ -47,9 +50,9 @@ enum {
 
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE {
-  static constexpr auto kHeap = true;
-  static constexpr auto kFile  = false;
-  static constexpr auto kSpecial  = false;
+  static constexpr auto kHeap    = true;
+  static constexpr auto kFile    = false;
+  static constexpr auto kSpecial = false;
 
   T     Entry{nullptr};
   SizeT EntrySize{0UL};
@@ -74,9 +77,9 @@ struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE {
 
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
-  static constexpr auto kHeap = false;
-  static constexpr auto kFile  = true;
-  static constexpr auto kSpecial  = false;
+  static constexpr auto kHeap    = false;
+  static constexpr auto kFile    = true;
+  static constexpr auto kSpecial = false;
 
   T     Entry{nullptr};
   SizeT EntrySize{0UL};
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
index 8a730233..3dae178a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class USER_PROCESS final {
   /***********************************************************************************/
   ///! @brief Spawns a dynamic library handle if dylib.
   /***********************************************************************************/
-  Bool SpawnDylib();
+  Bool InitDylib();
 
   /***********************************************************************************/
   ///! @brief Exits the app.
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class UserProcessScheduler final : public ISchedulable {
   NE_MOVE_DELETE(UserProcessScheduler)
 
  public:
-       operator bool();
+  operator bool();
   bool operator!();
 
  public:
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index 7e14fa62..45957c7b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -122,20 +122,9 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> USER_PROCESS::New(SizeT sz, SizeT pad_amount) {
 
   hal_write_cr3(vm_register);
 #else
-  auto ptr           = mm_alloc_ptr(sz, Yes, Yes, pad_amount);
+  auto ptr = mm_alloc_ptr(sz, Yes, Yes, pad_amount);
 #endif
 
-  if (!this->FileTree) {
-    this->FileTree = new PROCESS_FILE_TREE<VoidPtr>();
-
-    if (!this->FileTree) {
-      this->Crash();
-      return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>(-kErrorHeapOutOfMemory);
-    }
-
-    /// @todo File Tree allocation and dispose methods (amlal)
-  }
-
   if (!this->HeapTree) {
     this->HeapTree = new PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>();
 
@@ -335,7 +324,7 @@ Void USER_PROCESS::Exit(const Int32& exit_code) {
 /// @brief Add dylib to the process object.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-Bool USER_PROCESS::SpawnDylib() {
+Bool USER_PROCESS::InitDylib() {
   // React according to the process's kind.
   switch (this->Kind) {
     case USER_PROCESS::kExecutableDylibKind: {
@@ -437,6 +426,17 @@ ProcessID UserProcessScheduler::Spawn(const Char* name, VoidPtr code, VoidPtr im
   process.PTime     = 0;
   process.RTime     = 0;
 
+  if (!process.FileTree) {
+    process.FileTree = new PROCESS_FILE_TREE<VoidPtr>();
+
+    if (!process.FileTree) {
+      process.Crash();
+      return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>(-kErrorHeapOutOfMemory);
+    }
+
+    /// @todo File Tree allocation and dispose methods (amlal)
+  }
+
   (Void)(kout << "PID: " << number(process.ProcessId) << kendl);
   (Void)(kout << "Name: " << process.Name << kendl);
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4e61e22c3da59b259741e57298725330791aed3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2025 08:51:41 +0100
Subject: feat: NeKernel Semaphore API.

includes:

	- New semaphore API for the kernel, we also make use of the HardwareTimer class here.
	- Defined header only for now.
	- New HAL HW Timer API in AMD64.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc | 18 ++++-----
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h          |  1 +
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h    | 79 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 tooling/mk_htman.py                 |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
index 13573880..ae3271f6 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
@@ -61,11 +61,8 @@ HardwareTimer::HardwareTimer(UInt64 ms) : fWaitFor(ms) {
   // if not enabled yet.
   if (!(*((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) & (1 << 0))) {
     *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) =
-        *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) |
-        (1 << 0);  // enable timer
-    *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) =
-        *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) |
-        (1 << 3);  // one shot conf
+        *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) | (1 << 0) |
+        (1 << 3);  // enable timer
   }
 }
 
@@ -80,18 +77,21 @@ HardwareTimer::~HardwareTimer() {
 
 BOOL HardwareTimer::Wait() noexcept {
   if (fWaitFor < 1) return NO;
+  if (fWaitFor > 1'000'000) return NO;  // max 1000s = 16 minutes
 
-  UInt64 hpet_cap              = *((volatile UInt64*) (fDigitalTimer + kHPETCounterRegValue));
+  UInt64 hpet_cap              = *((volatile UInt64*) (fDigitalTimer));
   UInt64 femtoseconds_per_tick = (hpet_cap >> 32);
 
   if (femtoseconds_per_tick == 0) return NO;
 
   volatile UInt64* timer = (volatile UInt64*) (fDigitalTimer + kHPETCounterRegValue);
 
-  UInt64 now  = *timer;
-  UInt64 prev = now + (fWaitFor / femtoseconds_per_tick);
+  UInt64 now = *timer;
+
+  UInt64 fs_wait = fWaitFor * 1'000'000'000'000ULL;
+  UInt64 stop_at = now + (fs_wait / femtoseconds_per_tick);
 
-  while (*timer < (prev)) asm volatile("pause");
+  while (*timer < (stop_at)) asm volatile("pause");
 
   return YES;
 }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
index a3b13de6..26d1b113 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ inline constexpr KPCError kErrorFileLocked         = 64;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDiskIsTooTiny      = 65;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDmaExhausted       = 66;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorOutOfBitMapMemory  = 67;
+inline constexpr KPCError kErrorNetworkTimeout     = 68;
 /// Generic errors.
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorUnimplemented = -1;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index a1b5ecad..7fa05008 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -6,10 +6,87 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @file Semaphore.h
+/// @brief Semaphore structure and functions for synchronization in the kernel.
+
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/Timer.h>
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
+#define kSemaphoreOwnerIndex (0)
+#define kSemaphoreCountIndex (1)
+
+#define kSemaphoreCount (2)
+
 namespace Kernel {
-typedef Int64 Semaphore;
+/// @brief Semaphore structure used for synchronization.
+typedef UInt64 Semaphore[kSemaphoreCount];
+
+/// @brief Checks if the semaphore is valid.
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const Semaphore& sem) {
+  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] != 0 || sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0;
+}
+
+/// @brief Releases the semaphore, resetting its owner and count.
+/// @param sem
+/// @return
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_release(Semaphore& sem) {
+  sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] = 0;
+  sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] = 0;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/// @brief Initializes the semaphore with an owner and a count of zero.
+/// @param sem
+/// @param owner
+/// @return
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_init(Semaphore& sem, Int64 owner) {
+  if (!owner || sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] > 0) {
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] = owner;
+  sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] = 0;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/// @brief Waits for the semaphore to be available, blocking until it is.
+/// @param sem
+/// @param timeout
+/// @return
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, Int64 timeout) {
+  if (!rtl_sem_is_valid(sem)) {
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (timeout <= 0) {
+    err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0) {
+    err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
+    sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
+
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+
+  HardwareTimer timer(timeout);
+  timer.Wait();
+  
+  if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0) {
+    err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
+    sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
+
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+
+  err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+
+  return FALSE;  // Failed to acquire semaphore
+}  // namespace Kernel
 }  // namespace Kernel
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tooling/mk_htman.py b/tooling/mk_htman.py
index 8298559b..5488d478 100755
--- a/tooling/mk_htman.py
+++ b/tooling/mk_htman.py
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ import sys, os
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-        print("Usage: manual.py <manual_path>")
+        print("INFO: manual.py <manual_path>")
         sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 514a5540e4fdb94fe504792191b66444f03956fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2025 09:07:46 +0100
Subject: feat: HAL/HPET: document source code.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
index ae3271f6..22876a96 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ HardwareTimer::HardwareTimer(UInt64 ms) : fWaitFor(ms) {
   if (!(*((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) & (1 << 0))) {
     *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) =
         *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) | (1 << 0) |
-        (1 << 3);  // enable timer
+        (1 << 3);  // enable timer & one shot conf
   }
 }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c7e9d01d331d966a92efdc7ad6fb76ac96d0943e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2025 21:19:33 +0100
Subject: fix: KPC: Fix duplicate of kErrorNetworkTimeout.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
index 26d1b113..836be458 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ inline constexpr KPCError kErrorFileLocked         = 64;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDiskIsTooTiny      = 65;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDmaExhausted       = 66;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorOutOfBitMapMemory  = 67;
-inline constexpr KPCError kErrorNetworkTimeout     = 68;
+inline constexpr KPCError kErrorTimeout     = 68;
 /// Generic errors.
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorUnimplemented = -1;
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3b7964eb2f165e77334a92ca907d769bede17aef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2025 21:25:14 +0100
Subject: fix: kernel{aarch64}: it now builds without issue because of a fix in
 the bitmap manager.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
index 5001871b..7a022141 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ struct PDE_4KB final {
   PTE_4KB ALIGN(kPageAlign) fEntries[kPageMax];
 };
 
-auto mm_alloc_bitmap(Boolean wr, Boolean user, SizeT size, Bool is_page) -> VoidPtr;
+auto mm_alloc_bitmap(Boolean wr, Boolean user, SizeT size, Bool is_page, SizeT pad = 0) -> VoidPtr;
 auto mm_free_bitmap(VoidPtr page_ptr) -> Bool;
 }  // namespace Kernel::HAL
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5516544f97026460ede96f894c806dd8925885ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:05:37 +0100
Subject: feat: dev/kernel: Finish kernel semaphore API.

note:

 - The API is very new, except breaking changces.
 - It may be buggy in some areas, except some changes soon.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 7fa05008..a00273e8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -19,13 +19,21 @@
 
 #define kSemaphoreCount (2)
 
+#define kSemaphoreIncremenntOwner(sem) \
+  (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]++)
+
+
+#define kSemaphoreDecrementOwner(sem) \
+  (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]--)
+
+
 namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief Semaphore structure used for synchronization.
 typedef UInt64 Semaphore[kSemaphoreCount];
 
 /// @brief Checks if the semaphore is valid.
-inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const Semaphore& sem) {
-  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] != 0 || sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0;
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner = 0) {
+  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] != owner || sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0;
 }
 
 /// @brief Releases the semaphore, resetting its owner and count.
@@ -42,9 +50,10 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_release(Semaphore& sem) {
 /// @param sem
 /// @param owner
 /// @return
-inline BOOL rtl_sem_init(Semaphore& sem, Int64 owner) {
-  if (!owner || sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] > 0) {
-    return FALSE;
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_acquire(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner) {
+  if (!owner) {
+    err_global_get() = kErrorInvalidData;
+    return FALSE;  // Invalid owner
   }
 
   sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] = owner;
@@ -57,8 +66,8 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_init(Semaphore& sem, Int64 owner) {
 /// @param sem
 /// @param timeout
 /// @return
-inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, Int64 timeout) {
-  if (!rtl_sem_is_valid(sem)) {
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* condition = nullptr) {
+  if (!rtl_sem_is_valid(sem, owner)) {
     return FALSE;
   }
 
@@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, Int64 timeout) {
     return FALSE;
   }
 
-  if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0) {
+  if (!condition || *condition) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
     sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
 
@@ -76,13 +85,15 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, Int64 timeout) {
   }
 
   HardwareTimer timer(timeout);
-  timer.Wait();
-  
-  if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0) {
-    err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
-    sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
+  BOOL          ret = timer.Wait();
 
-    return TRUE;
+  if (ret) {
+    if (!condition || *condition) {
+      err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
+      sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
+
+      return TRUE;
+    }
   }
 
   err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ec995b2501d337eca9aedfeb5eebbc0a4bc930ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:14:01 +0100
Subject: fix: sem: remove useless 'namespace Kernel' comment on function.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index a00273e8..f98110b0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
   err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
 
   return FALSE;  // Failed to acquire semaphore
-}  // namespace Kernel
+}
 }  // namespace Kernel
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c81208be24a34bd36fc9e01fdbdc146440d7c9e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:21:30 +0100
Subject: fix: sem: fix Semaphore API of kernel, validation and typo fixes.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index f98110b0..ee29eeae 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 #define kSemaphoreCount (2)
 
-#define kSemaphoreIncremenntOwner(sem) \
+#define kSemaphoreIncrementOwner(sem) \
   (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]++)
 
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ typedef UInt64 Semaphore[kSemaphoreCount];
 
 /// @brief Checks if the semaphore is valid.
 inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner = 0) {
-  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] != owner || sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0;
+  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] == owner && sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0;
 }
 
 /// @brief Releases the semaphore, resetting its owner and count.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4ece9e7d55734ca14c87f7fb6b708aa086b4d3c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:22:38 +0100
Subject: fix: sem: fix condition in 'rtl_sem_is_valid' as it was to strict.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index ee29eeae..0d2b84da 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ typedef UInt64 Semaphore[kSemaphoreCount];
 
 /// @brief Checks if the semaphore is valid.
 inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner = 0) {
-  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] == owner && sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0;
+  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] == owner && sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] >= 0;
 }
 
 /// @brief Releases the semaphore, resetting its owner and count.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c968cdc88ce9458ba5b2859f9d983dc404c6c0ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:24:29 +0100
Subject: fix: sem: Add 'Semaphore.cc'

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/Semaphore.cc | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 dev/kernel/src/Semaphore.cc

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Semaphore.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Semaphore.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acbbb57f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Semaphore.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <KernelKit/Semaphore.h>
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3978ac0540a7e430a4a2a157d2e53653b5c37bd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:25:39 +0100
Subject: feat: rtl_sem_wait: check semaphore for underflows.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 13 +++++++------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 0d2b84da..686ce1c9 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -19,13 +19,9 @@
 
 #define kSemaphoreCount (2)
 
-#define kSemaphoreIncrementOwner(sem) \
-  (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]++)
-
-
-#define kSemaphoreDecrementOwner(sem) \
-  (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]--)
+#define kSemaphoreIncrementOwner(sem) (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]++)
 
+#define kSemaphoreDecrementOwner(sem) (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]--)
 
 namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief Semaphore structure used for synchronization.
@@ -71,6 +67,11 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
     return FALSE;
   }
 
+  if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] <= 0) {
+    err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
   if (timeout <= 0) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8cda61ab7fe436075a7d93306819a609de80c4a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:28:51 +0100
Subject: fix: sem: fix decrement logic of the semaphore api's 'rtl_sem_wait'

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 15 ++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 686ce1c9..618a3268 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -67,11 +67,6 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
     return FALSE;
   }
 
-  if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] <= 0) {
-    err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
   if (timeout <= 0) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
 
@@ -79,6 +74,11 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
   }
 
   if (!condition || *condition) {
+    if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
+      err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
     err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
     sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
 
@@ -90,6 +90,11 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
 
   if (ret) {
     if (!condition || *condition) {
+      if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
+        err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+        return FALSE;
+      }
+
       err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
       sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b17e50f399180aa1fed136a0917625bb0d9ebf81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:29:52 +0100
Subject: fix: sem: use 'kErrorTimeout' instead of 'kErrorNetworkTimeout'

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 618a3268..8bb8c1fe 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
     }
   }
 
-  err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+  err_global_get() = kErrorTimeout;
 
   return FALSE;  // Failed to acquire semaphore
 }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cab7131a9eab7f06ba39260be477a1b4532705d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:30:44 +0100
Subject: feat: sem: fix usage of 'kErrorNetworkTimeout' to 'kErrorTimeout'

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 8bb8c1fe..7957ce31 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
   }
 
   if (timeout <= 0) {
-    err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+    err_global_get() = kErrorTimeout;
 
     return FALSE;
   }
 
   if (!condition || *condition) {
     if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
-      err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+      err_global_get() = kErrorTimeout;
       return FALSE;
     }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
   if (ret) {
     if (!condition || *condition) {
       if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
-        err_global_get() = kErrorNetworkTimeout;
+        err_global_get() = kErrorTimeout;
         return FALSE;
       }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ca7b843f1c15dd479d287f93221cd23e74d94385 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:32:09 +0100
Subject: feat: new 'kErrorAccessDenied' type for semaphore api.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h       | 3 ++-
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
index 836be458..b55d98fc 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ inline constexpr KPCError kErrorFileLocked         = 64;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDiskIsTooTiny      = 65;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDmaExhausted       = 66;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorOutOfBitMapMemory  = 67;
-inline constexpr KPCError kErrorTimeout     = 68;
+inline constexpr KPCError kErrorTimeout            = 68;
+inline constexpr KPCError kErrorAccessDenied       = 69;
 /// Generic errors.
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorUnimplemented = -1;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 7957ce31..6905c8cc 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
 
   if (!condition || *condition) {
     if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
-      err_global_get() = kErrorTimeout;
+      err_global_get() = kErrorAccessDenied;
       return FALSE;
     }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
   if (ret) {
     if (!condition || *condition) {
       if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
-        err_global_get() = kErrorTimeout;
+        err_global_get() = kErrorAccessDenied;
         return FALSE;
       }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6d16db11d91c5fdf302af54e8e797dcbed8c9c71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:33:49 +0100
Subject: feat: new 'kErrorUnavailable' type and semaphore API breaking
 changes.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h       | 1 +
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
index b55d98fc..794197e2 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDmaExhausted       = 66;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorOutOfBitMapMemory  = 67;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorTimeout            = 68;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorAccessDenied       = 69;
+inline constexpr KPCError kErrorUnavailable        = 70;
 /// Generic errors.
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorUnimplemented = -1;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 6905c8cc..df410208 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
 
   if (!condition || *condition) {
     if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
-      err_global_get() = kErrorAccessDenied;
+      err_global_get() = kErrorUnavailable;
       return FALSE;
     }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* con
   if (ret) {
     if (!condition || *condition) {
       if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
-        err_global_get() = kErrorAccessDenied;
+        err_global_get() = kErrorUnavailable;
         return FALSE;
       }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5dcf3ce391288e9d4f5f25120cf722f962e30881 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2025 09:57:46 +0100
Subject: refactor: FB.h, Semaphore.h: minor style changes.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h           | 4 ++--
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h | 1 -
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h b/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
index d7523064..28f3a20c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class FBDeviceInterface NE_DEVICE<FBDevicePacket*> {
   const Char* Name() const override;
 
  public:
-  FBDeviceInterface& operator<<(FBDevicePacket* Data) override;
-  FBDeviceInterface& operator>>(FBDevicePacket* Data) override;
+  FBDeviceInterface& operator<<(FBDevicePacket* dat) override;
+  FBDeviceInterface& operator>>(FBDevicePacket* dat) override;
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index df410208..1bc61ed1 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #define kSemaphoreCount (2)
 
 #define kSemaphoreIncrementOwner(sem) (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]++)
-
 #define kSemaphoreDecrementOwner(sem) (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]--)
 
 namespace Kernel {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 40498554aa642ac0dbf4ce021df5bbceda5b61e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2025 10:35:32 +0100
Subject: feat: __CF_64BIT__ macro for CoreFoundation.fwrk. refactor! Semaphore
 API breaking changes in the new 'SemaphoreArr' type.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h                         | 16 ++++++++--------
 .../frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/CoreFoundation.json   |  3 ++-
 .../frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/Foundation.h  |  2 +-
 public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h   |  5 +++++
 4 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 1bc61ed1..930b245d 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -14,27 +14,27 @@
 #include <KernelKit/Timer.h>
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
-#define kSemaphoreOwnerIndex (0)
-#define kSemaphoreCountIndex (1)
+#define kSemaphoreOwnerIndex (0U)
+#define kSemaphoreCountIndex (1U)
 
-#define kSemaphoreCount (2)
+#define kSemaphoreCount (2U)
 
 #define kSemaphoreIncrementOwner(sem) (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]++)
 #define kSemaphoreDecrementOwner(sem) (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]--)
 
 namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief Semaphore structure used for synchronization.
-typedef UInt64 Semaphore[kSemaphoreCount];
+typedef UInt64 SemaphoreArr[kSemaphoreCount];
 
 /// @brief Checks if the semaphore is valid.
-inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner = 0) {
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner = 0) {
   return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] == owner && sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] >= 0;
 }
 
 /// @brief Releases the semaphore, resetting its owner and count.
 /// @param sem
 /// @return
-inline BOOL rtl_sem_release(Semaphore& sem) {
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_release(SemaphoreArr& sem) {
   sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] = 0;
   sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] = 0;
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_release(Semaphore& sem) {
 /// @param sem
 /// @param owner
 /// @return
-inline BOOL rtl_sem_acquire(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner) {
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_acquire(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner) {
   if (!owner) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorInvalidData;
     return FALSE;  // Invalid owner
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_acquire(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner) {
 /// @param sem
 /// @param timeout
 /// @return
-inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(Semaphore& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* condition = nullptr) {
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* condition = nullptr) {
   if (!rtl_sem_is_valid(sem, owner)) {
     return FALSE;
   }
diff --git a/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/CoreFoundation.json b/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/CoreFoundation.json
index 076b35ae..39e6b480 100644
--- a/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/CoreFoundation.json
+++ b/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/CoreFoundation.json
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
       "kCFVersion=0x0100",
       "kCFVersionHighest=0x0100",
       "kCFVersionLowest=0x0100",
-      "__NE_AMD64__"
+      "__NE_AMD64__",
+      "__CF_64BIT__"
     ]
   }
   
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/Foundation.h b/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/Foundation.h
index 500ad544..8396a3e8 100644
--- a/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/Foundation.h
+++ b/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/Foundation.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ struct CFPoint;
 struct CFRect;
 struct CFColor;
 
-#ifndef __LP64__
+#ifndef __CF_64BIT__
 typedef SInt32 CFInteger;
 typedef float  CFReal;
 #else
diff --git a/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h b/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h
index c28c05cd..ea32038d 100644
--- a/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h
+++ b/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h
@@ -14,5 +14,10 @@ class CFString;
 
 class CFString final CF_OBJECT {
  public:
+  CFString() = default;
+  ~CFString() = default;
+  
+  CFString(const CFString&) = delete;
+  CFString& operator=(const CFString&) = delete;
 };
 }  // namespace CF
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d546e35937521c868150a0807f30a2e2b1f69bb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2025 15:17:36 +0100
Subject: feat: libSystem: implement 'Jail.h' header.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h | 17 +++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
index 998173f9..4098089d 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
 
 /// @file Jail.h
-/// @brief NeKernel Jail System
+/// @brief NeKernel Jail System, part of OpenEnclave.
 
 struct JAIL_INFO;
 struct JAIL;
@@ -19,4 +19,17 @@ struct JAIL_INFO {
   SInt32 fParentID;
   SInt32 fJailHash;
   SInt64 fACL;
-};
\ No newline at end of file
+};
+
+/// @brief Jail information (we grab a JAIL from JailGetCurrent())
+struct JAIL {
+  struct JAIL_INFO* fServer;
+  struct JAIL_INFO* fClient;
+  SInt32            fJailHash;
+  SInt32            fParentID;
+  SInt64            fACL;
+};
+
+/// @brief Get the current jail
+/// @return Pointer to the current jail structure, or NULL if not in a jail
+IMPORT_C struct JAIL* JailGetCurrent(Void);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bd4466fbe026ac25f84d88d0306b9745b9bbbe8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:55:34 +0100
Subject: feat: IPC: use C-lock pattern to retain IPC transfers.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h      |  8 +++++++-
 dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h b/dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h
index 0dd8a1f1..d14356c0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h
@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ enum {
 
 constexpr inline auto kIPCMsgSize = 6094U;
 
+enum {
+  kIPCLockInvalid,
+  kIPCLockFree = 1,
+  kIPCLockUsed = 2,
+};
+
 /// @brief IPC connection header, message cannot be greater than 6K.
 typedef struct IPC_MSG final {
   UInt32   IpcHeaderMagic;  // cRemoteHeaderMagic
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ typedef struct IPC_MSG final {
   UInt32   IpcMsg;
   UInt32   IpcMsgSz;
   UInt8    IpcData[kIPCMsgSize];
-
+  UInt32   IpcLock;
   /// @brief Passes the message to target, could be anything, HTTP packet, JSON or whatever.
   static Bool Pass(IPC_MSG* self, IPC_MSG* target) noexcept;
 } PACKED IPC_MSG;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
index 6f54e449..9abefcef 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ Bool ipc_construct_packet(_Output IPC_MSG** pckt_in) {
     (*pckt_in)->IpcFrom.UserProcessID   = 0;
     (*pckt_in)->IpcFrom.UserProcessTeam = 0;
 
+    (*pckt_in)->IpcLock = kIPCLockFree;
+
     return Yes;
   }
 
@@ -103,8 +105,20 @@ Bool IPC_MSG::Pass(IPC_MSG* src, IPC_MSG* target) noexcept {
     if (src->IpcMsgSz > target->IpcMsgSz) return No;
     if (target->IpcMsgSz > src->IpcMsgSz) return No;
 
+    UInt32 timeout = 0U;
+
+    while ((target->IpcLock % kIPCLockUsed) != 0) {
+      if (timeout > 100000U) {
+        return No;
+      }
+    }
+
+    ++target->IpcLock;
+
     rt_copy_memory_safe(src->IpcData, target->IpcData, src->IpcMsgSz, kIPCMsgSize);
 
+    --target->IpcLock;
+
     return Yes;
   }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 30f6aa05db0e99970fab65c8c8f10cea9830e3cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 08:52:46 +0100
Subject: feat: Replace CoreBoot module with NeBoot module.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h         |  2 +-
 dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S            |  4 ++--
 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h  | 32 ----------------------------
 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h | 34 ------------------------------
 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/NS.h       | 10 ---------
 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h    | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NS.h         | 10 +++++++++
 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h     | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 dev/kernel/MoveAll.ARM64.sh                |  7 ------
 dev/kernel/MoveAll.X64.sh                  |  7 ------
 dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make                   |  2 +-
 dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make              |  2 +-
 dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make              |  2 +-
 dev/kernel/move-all-aarch64.sh             |  7 ++++++
 dev/kernel/move-all-x64.sh                 |  7 ++++++
 15 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/NS.h
 create mode 100644 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h
 create mode 100644 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NS.h
 create mode 100644 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h
 delete mode 100755 dev/kernel/MoveAll.ARM64.sh
 delete mode 100755 dev/kernel/MoveAll.X64.sh
 create mode 100755 dev/kernel/move-all-aarch64.sh
 create mode 100755 dev/kernel/move-all-x64.sh

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h b/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h
index 0b319387..3e876d09 100644
--- a/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h
+++ b/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h>
+#include <FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h>
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S b/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S
index 3b0e1737..d52c1dcf 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S
+++ b/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#ifdef __NE_COREBOOT__
+#ifdef __NE_NEBOOT__
 
 .section .boot_hdr
 .align 4
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ bootloader_start:
     bl      bootloader_main             
     ret                                 
 
-#endif // __NE_COREBOOT__
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif // __NE_NEBOOT__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ed11363..00000000
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <NeKit/Defines.h>
-
-#define kBootNetINetMagic "ONET"
-#define kBootNetINetMagicLength (4)
-#define kBootNetVersion (0x001)
-#define kBootNetNameLen (256U)
-
-/// @brief Netboot Internet Header
-/// Consists of 4 magic characters, and a set of fields describing the current patch that's being
-/// sent (if m_preflight = 0)
-/// @note Can be used to patch ROMs too (if ImpliesProgram = 1)
-typedef struct BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER {
-  Kernel::Char    NB1;  /// magic char 1 'O'
-  Kernel::Char    NB2;  /// magic char 2 'N'
-  Kernel::Char    NB3;  /// magic char 3 'E'
-  Kernel::Char    NB4;  /// magic char 4 'T'
-  Kernel::UInt16  Version;
-  Kernel::Char    Name[kBootNetNameLen];    /// example: Modjo
-  Kernel::Int32   Length;                   /// the patch length.
-  Kernel::Char    Target[kBootNetNameLen];  /// the target file.
-  Kernel::Boolean ImpliesProgram : 1;       /// does it imply reprogramming?
-  Kernel::Boolean Preflight : 1;            /// is it a preflight packet.
-  Kernel::Char    Data[1];  /// non preflight packet has a patch blob for a **PatchTarget**
-} BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e756a70..00000000
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <NeKit/Defines.h>
-
-namespace Firmware::Detail::CoreBoot {
-using namespace Kernel;
-
-struct COREBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC;
-
-/// @brief Linear Executable Header
-/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
-struct ATTRIBUTE(aligned(4)) COREBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC {
-  const Char   fMagic[2];      // magic number
-  const Char   fName[10];      // operating system name
-  const UInt32 fRevision;      // firmware revision
-  const UInt32 fStartAddress;  // start address (master/slave(s) thread)
-
-#ifdef NE_IS_EXTENDED_COREBOOT
-  UIntPtr fMasterStructure;         // master structure for MP/PM and device tree and such. (ARM)
-  UIntPtr fMasterStructureVersion;  // master structure version.
-#endif
-
-#ifdef NE_IS_MBCI_COREBOOT
-  UIntPtr fMBCIStructure;         // MBCI structure for MBCI (ARM)
-  UIntPtr fMBCIStructureVersion;  // MBCI structure version.
-#endif
-};
-}  // namespace Firmware::Detail::CoreBoot
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/NS.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/NS.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 06197fcd..00000000
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/NS.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h>
-#include <FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ed11363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <NeKit/Defines.h>
+
+#define kBootNetINetMagic "ONET"
+#define kBootNetINetMagicLength (4)
+#define kBootNetVersion (0x001)
+#define kBootNetNameLen (256U)
+
+/// @brief Netboot Internet Header
+/// Consists of 4 magic characters, and a set of fields describing the current patch that's being
+/// sent (if m_preflight = 0)
+/// @note Can be used to patch ROMs too (if ImpliesProgram = 1)
+typedef struct BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER {
+  Kernel::Char    NB1;  /// magic char 1 'O'
+  Kernel::Char    NB2;  /// magic char 2 'N'
+  Kernel::Char    NB3;  /// magic char 3 'E'
+  Kernel::Char    NB4;  /// magic char 4 'T'
+  Kernel::UInt16  Version;
+  Kernel::Char    Name[kBootNetNameLen];    /// example: Modjo
+  Kernel::Int32   Length;                   /// the patch length.
+  Kernel::Char    Target[kBootNetNameLen];  /// the target file.
+  Kernel::Boolean ImpliesProgram : 1;       /// does it imply reprogramming?
+  Kernel::Boolean Preflight : 1;            /// is it a preflight packet.
+  Kernel::Char    Data[1];  /// non preflight packet has a patch blob for a **PatchTarget**
+} BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NS.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NS.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a4d6a251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NS.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h>
+#include <FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..621b3b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <NeKit/Defines.h>
+
+namespace Firmware::Detail::NeBoot {
+using namespace Kernel;
+
+struct NEBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC;
+
+/// @brief Linear Executable Header
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+struct ATTRIBUTE(aligned(4)) NEBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC {
+  const Char   fMagic[2];      // magic number
+  const Char   fName[10];      // operating system name
+  const UInt32 fRevision;      // firmware revision
+  const UInt32 fStartAddress;  // start address (master/slave(s) thread)
+
+#ifdef NE_IS_EXTENDED_COREBOOT
+  UIntPtr fMasterStructure;         // master structure for MP/PM and device tree and such. (ARM)
+  UIntPtr fMasterStructureVersion;  // master structure version.
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NE_IS_MBCI_COREBOOT
+  UIntPtr fMBCIStructure;         // MBCI structure for MBCI (ARM)
+  UIntPtr fMBCIStructureVersion;  // MBCI structure version.
+#endif
+};
+}  // namespace Firmware::Detail::NeBoot
diff --git a/dev/kernel/MoveAll.ARM64.sh b/dev/kernel/MoveAll.ARM64.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 35e0909e..00000000
--- a/dev/kernel/MoveAll.ARM64.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/sh
-
-for file in *.o; do
-	mv -- "$file" "${file%.o}.obj"
-done
-
-mv *.obj obj/
diff --git a/dev/kernel/MoveAll.X64.sh b/dev/kernel/MoveAll.X64.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 1c135d06..00000000
--- a/dev/kernel/MoveAll.X64.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/sh
-
-for file in *.o; do
-	mv -- "$file" "${file%.o}.obj"
-done
-
-mv *.obj HALKit/AMD64/*.obj obj/
diff --git a/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make b/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
index 81b72b93..f21efca4 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
+++ b/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ error:
 	@echo "=== ERROR ==="
 	@echo "=> Use a specific target."
 
-MOVEALL=./MoveAll.X64.sh
+MOVEALL=./move-all-x64.sh
 WINDRES=x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres
 
 .PHONY: nekernel-amd64-epm
diff --git a/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make b/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
index 2874d31c..36b0f18e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
+++ b/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ error:
 	@echo "=== ERROR ==="
 	@echo "=> Use a specific target."
 
-MOVEALL=./MoveAll.X64.sh
+MOVEALL=./move-all-x64.sh
 WINDRES=x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres
 
 .PHONY: nekernel-amd64-epm
diff --git a/dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make b/dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make
index 423391af..e83e1db8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make
+++ b/dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ error:
 	@echo "=== ERROR ==="
 	@echo "=> Use a specific target."
 
-MOVEALL=./MoveAll.ARM64.sh
+MOVEALL=./move-all-aarch64.sh
 
 .PHONY: nekernel-arm64-epm
 nekernel-arm64-epm: clean
diff --git a/dev/kernel/move-all-aarch64.sh b/dev/kernel/move-all-aarch64.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..35e0909e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/move-all-aarch64.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+
+for file in *.o; do
+	mv -- "$file" "${file%.o}.obj"
+done
+
+mv *.obj obj/
diff --git a/dev/kernel/move-all-x64.sh b/dev/kernel/move-all-x64.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..1c135d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/move-all-x64.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+
+for file in *.o; do
+	mv -- "$file" "${file%.o}.obj"
+done
+
+mv *.obj HALKit/AMD64/*.obj obj/
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 43ace5813967229e03ac46cc00ea8ebf1a607740 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 10:46:03 +0100
Subject: fix: SMP: Fix `mp_register_task` thrdid could have been index out of
 bounds.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index 79f25920..0dbd6815 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ EXTERN_C HAL::StackFramePtr mp_get_current_task(ThreadID thrdid) {
 EXTERN_C BOOL mp_register_task(HAL::StackFramePtr stack_frame, ThreadID thrdid) {
   if (!stack_frame) return NO;
 
+  if (thrdid > kSMPCount) return NO;
+  
   if (!kSMPAware) {
     sched_jump_to_task(kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr);
 
@@ -122,9 +124,7 @@ EXTERN_C BOOL mp_register_task(HAL::StackFramePtr stack_frame, ThreadID thrdid)
   }
 
   HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[thrdid].Leak()->Busy(NO);
-
   kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr = stack_frame;
-  if (thrdid > kSMPCount) return NO;
 
   return YES;
 }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f05aa7d8e5a9668b27e43c8bd2718482caa0b59e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 15:10:21 +0100
Subject: feat: mgmt.oe: openenclave management tool. (wip)

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h          |  1 +
 public/tools/mgmt.oe/.keep              |  0
 public/tools/mgmt.oe/mgmt.oe.json       | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/.keep          |  0
 public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 public/tools/mgmt.oe/vendor/.keep       |  0
 6 files changed, 49 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 public/tools/mgmt.oe/.keep
 create mode 100644 public/tools/mgmt.oe/mgmt.oe.json
 create mode 100644 public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/.keep
 create mode 100644 public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc
 create mode 100644 public/tools/mgmt.oe/vendor/.keep

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
index 4098089d..c23942c5 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
 
 /// @file Jail.h
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
 /// @brief NeKernel Jail System, part of OpenEnclave.
 
 struct JAIL_INFO;
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.oe/.keep b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.oe/mgmt.oe.json b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/mgmt.oe.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4e9d586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/mgmt.oe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+    "compiler_path": "clang++",
+    "compiler_std": "c++20",
+    "headers_path": [
+        "./",
+        "../../../dev/kernel",
+        "../../../public/frameworks/",
+        "../../../dev/",
+        "./"
+    ],
+    "sources_path": [],
+    "output_name": "./dist/mgmt.oe",
+    "cpp_macros": [
+        "kSampleFWVersion=0x0100",
+        "kSampleFWVersionHighest=0x0100",
+        "kSampleFWVersionLowest=0x0100",
+        "__NE_SDK__"
+    ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/.keep b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e8de78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h>
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief OpenEnclave management tool
+
+static JAIL* kJailSrv = nullptr;
+
+SInt32 _NeMain(SInt32 argc, Char* argv[]) {
+  LIBSYS_UNUSED(argc);
+  LIBSYS_UNUSED(argv);
+
+  kJailSrv = JailGetCurrent();
+
+  MUST_PASS(kJailSrv);
+
+  PrintOut(nullptr, "%s", "mgmt.oe - OpenEnclave Management Tool.");
+
+  /// @note JailGetCurrent returns client as nullptr if we're not that client (we'll not be able to access the jail then)
+  if (kJailSrv->fClient == nullptr) return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+  return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.oe/vendor/.keep b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/vendor/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 11ad9b56ccc1ed50c9293ee4771cf135f6b03c99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2025 09:16:50 +0100
Subject: fix: KernelKit: fix BinaryMutex object, it used to took USER_PROCESS
 as reference with a explicit default constructor.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h |  8 ++++----
 dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc      | 13 ++++++-------
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
index 45d4bd8d..4a192bdd 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ class BinaryMutex final {
   bool Unlock() noexcept;
 
  public:
-  BOOL WaitForProcess(const Int16& sec) noexcept;
+  BOOL WaitForProcess(const UInt32& sec) noexcept;
 
  public:
-  bool Lock(USER_PROCESS& process);
-  bool LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS& process, TimerInterface* timer);
+  bool Lock(USER_PROCESS* process);
+  bool LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS* process, TimerInterface* timer);
 
  public:
   NE_COPY_DEFAULT(BinaryMutex)
 
  private:
-  USER_PROCESS& fLockingProcess;
+  USER_PROCESS* fLockingProcess;
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc b/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
index 8c8cdc0f..f669d7fa 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@ namespace Kernel {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 Bool BinaryMutex::Unlock() noexcept {
-  if (fLockingProcess.Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning) {
-    fLockingProcess        = USER_PROCESS();
-    fLockingProcess.Status = ProcessStatusKind::kFrozen;
+  if (fLockingProcess->Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning) {
+    fLockingProcess        = nullptr;
 
     return Yes;
   }
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::Unlock() noexcept {
 /// @brief Locks process in the binary mutex.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-Bool BinaryMutex::Lock(USER_PROCESS& process) {
+Bool BinaryMutex::Lock(USER_PROCESS* process) {
   if (!process || this->IsLocked()) return No;
 
   this->fLockingProcess = process;
@@ -40,14 +39,14 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::Lock(USER_PROCESS& process) {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 Bool BinaryMutex::IsLocked() const {
-  return this->fLockingProcess.Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning;
+  return this->fLockingProcess->Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning;
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Try lock or wait.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-Bool BinaryMutex::LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS& process, TimerInterface* timer) {
+Bool BinaryMutex::LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS* process, TimerInterface* timer) {
   if (timer == nullptr) return No;
 
   this->Lock(process);
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS& process, TimerInterface* timer) {
 /// @param sec seconds.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-BOOL BinaryMutex::WaitForProcess(const Int16& sec) noexcept {
+BOOL BinaryMutex::WaitForProcess(const UInt32& sec) noexcept {
   HardwareTimer hw_timer(rtl_milliseconds(sec));
   hw_timer.Wait();
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 23774eda327ec2dffbda34d907a3b70b7772c7b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2025 10:33:29 +0100
Subject: fix: BinaryMutex: Assign `fLockingProcess` to nullptr.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
index 4a192bdd..f2c15af0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ class BinaryMutex final {
   NE_COPY_DEFAULT(BinaryMutex)
 
  private:
-  USER_PROCESS* fLockingProcess;
+  USER_PROCESS* fLockingProcess{nullptr};
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 34758487e7630244dcec71ebf3995675ac2d1c27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2025 13:27:49 +0100
Subject: feat: LaTeX: update technical papers.

feat: CPS: Assign image to nullptr in PROCESS_IMAGE container.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h | 11 ++++++-----
 docs/tex/NOTICE.md                          |  5 +++++
 docs/tex/binary_mutex.tex                   |  2 +-
 docs/tex/coreprocessscheduler.tex           | 13 +++----------
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/tex/NOTICE.md

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index 170244eb..b92d7393 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Parent {
     nullptr
   };
+
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Child {
     nullptr
   };
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Prev {
     nullptr
   };
+  
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Next {
     nullptr
   };
@@ -115,8 +117,6 @@ enum class ProcessSubsystem : Int32 {
   kProcessSubsystemCount   = 4,
 };
 
-typedef UInt64 PTime;
-
 /***********************************************************************************/
 //! @brief Local Process identifier.
 /***********************************************************************************/
@@ -179,7 +179,8 @@ inline bool operator>=(AffinityKind lhs, AffinityKind rhs) {
   return lhs_int >= rhs_int;
 }
 
-using ProcessTime = UInt64;
+using PTime       = UInt64;
+using ProcessTime = PTime;
 using PID         = Int64;
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
@@ -209,8 +210,8 @@ struct PROCESS_IMAGE final {
 
   friend class UserProcessScheduler;
 
-  ImagePtr fCode;
-  ImagePtr fBlob;
+  ImagePtr fCode{};
+  ImagePtr fBlob{};
 
  public:
   Bool HasCode() const { return this->fCode != nullptr; }
diff --git a/docs/tex/NOTICE.md b/docs/tex/NOTICE.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d6eb03f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/tex/NOTICE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Notice for LaTeX documents.
+
+## Recommended Tool
+
+`pdflatex` is recommended for this matter, although you are free to use other tools.
diff --git a/docs/tex/binary_mutex.tex b/docs/tex/binary_mutex.tex
index 4e61eb65..cc5a7d3c 100644
--- a/docs/tex/binary_mutex.tex
+++ b/docs/tex/binary_mutex.tex
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 \documentclass{article}
 \usepackage{graphicx} % Required for inserting images
 
-\title{BinaryMutex}
+\title{BinaryMutex: Technical Documentation}
 \author{Amlal El Mahrouss}
 \date{\today}
 
diff --git a/docs/tex/coreprocessscheduler.tex b/docs/tex/coreprocessscheduler.tex
index 60f2b8cd..dd3594b1 100644
--- a/docs/tex/coreprocessscheduler.tex
+++ b/docs/tex/coreprocessscheduler.tex
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 \usepackage{graphicx} % Required for inserting images
 \usepackage{hyperref}
 
-\title{CoreProcessScheduler}
+\title{CoreProcessScheduler: Technical Documentation}
 \author{Amlal El Mahrouss}
 \date{\today}
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class UserProcessTeam final {
 
 {The process image container is a design pattern made to contain process data and metadata, its purpose comes from the lack of mainstream operating systems of such ability to hold metadata.}
 
-\newline{}
+\newline
 
 {This approach helps separate concerns and give modularity to the system, as the image and process structure are not mixed together.}
 
@@ -123,17 +123,10 @@ struct PROCESS_IMAGE final {
 
 \section{References}
 
-{Here are the reference material on this paper:}
+{Here are the reference mentioned on this paper:}
 
 {NeKernel}: \href{https://github.com/nekernel-org/nekernel}{NeKernel}
 
 {CoreProcessScheduler}: \href{https://github.com/nekernel-org/nekernel/blob/dev/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h}{CoreProcessScheduler}
 
-\section{Hyperlinks}
-
-{NeKernel.org}: \href{https://nekernel.org}{NeKernel.org}
-\newline
-\newline
-{SNU Systems}: \href{https://snu.systems}{SNU.Systems}
-
 \end{document}
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6a0559351257bbf328b37e4b14d24f772878d45d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 08:34:08 +0100
Subject: feat: wrap `Device` object under the Kernel namespace.

why:

- To avoid linker and mangling issues.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h b/dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h
index 6ae8cd6b..9a80e3c9 100644
--- a/dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h
+++ b/dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
 #include <modules/AHCI/AHCI.h>
 #include <modules/ATA/ATA.h>
 
-using namespace Kernel;
-
+namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief Device type.
 class Device {
  public:
@@ -33,3 +32,4 @@ class Device {
 typedef Device BootDevice;
 typedef Device NetworkDevice;
 typedef Device DiskDevice;
+}  // namespace Kernel
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a1f5343ec80f8882f23f1a3f6277a5ff18fe1b2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:13:27 +0100
Subject: fix: PEFCodeMgr: loop over `VMAddress` correctly inside PEF Code
 Manager.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 19 +++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index db24336e..bfd9ff6e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
 
   constexpr auto kPefHeader = "PEF_CONTAINER";
 
-  /// @note zero here means that the FileMgr will read every container header inside the file. 
+  /// @note zero here means that the FileMgr will read every container header inside the file.
   fCachedBlob = fFile->Read(kPefHeader, 0UL);
 
   PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
@@ -166,17 +166,20 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
         rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)),
                             container_blob_value, container_header->VMSize,
                             container_header->VMSize);
+
         mm_free_ptr(blob);
 
-        kout << "PEFLoader: Information: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
+        kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
 
-        auto ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) container_header->VMAddress,
-                                    (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
-                                    HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
+        for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < container_header->VMSize; ++i_vm) {
+          auto ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + i_vm),
+                                      (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
+                                      HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
-        if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
-          mm_free_ptr(container_blob_value);
-          return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+          if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
+            delete[] container_blob_value;
+            return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+          }
         }
 
         return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{container_blob_value};
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 406d6c77c5dec5a71bd188db96607802e24f13d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:17:03 +0100
Subject: feat: Improve iteration loop for PEFCodeMgr's VMAddress mapping.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index bfd9ff6e..af7ea03f 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -171,10 +171,11 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
         kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
 
+        auto ret = false;
         for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < container_header->VMSize; ++i_vm) {
-          auto ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + i_vm),
-                                      (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
-                                      HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
+          ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + i_vm),
+                                 (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
+                                 HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
           if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
             delete[] container_blob_value;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5c8b167320df4cd3cd91d36705ff9bad4d0e73c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:20:59 +0100
Subject: feat: use `kPefMagicFat` instead of `kPefMagic` to check for a FAT
 binary.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index af7ea03f..22ef7ba3 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -77,10 +77,11 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
       container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[4] &&
       container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
     return;
-  } else if (container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[0] && container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[1] &&
-             container->Magic[2] == kPefMagic[2] && container->Magic[1] == kPefMagic[3] &&
-             container->Magic[0] == kPefMagic[4] && container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
-    /// This is a fat binary.
+  } else if (container->Cpu == Detail::ldr_get_platform() && container->Magic[0] == kPefMagicFat[0] &&
+      container->Magic[1] == kPefMagicFat[1] && container->Magic[2] == kPefMagicFat[2] &&
+      container->Magic[3] == kPefMagicFat[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagicFat[4] &&
+      container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
+    /// This is a fat binary, treat it as such.
     this->fFatBinary = true;
     return;
   }
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
 
   if (fCachedBlob) mm_free_ptr(fCachedBlob);
 
-  kout << "PEFLoader: Warning: Executable format error!\r";
+  kout << "PEFLoader: warning: Executable format error!\r";
 
   fCachedBlob = nullptr;
 }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f8d0d1d8f2745e9fad759638c74d0047fda36fee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:24:23 +0100
Subject: fix: PEFCodeMgr: container_header didn't increment, fixed that.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 22ef7ba3..da69202e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -153,28 +153,28 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
   error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak() += name;
 
   for (SizeT index = 0; index < container->Count; ++index) {
-    if (KStringBuilder::Equals(container_header->Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
-      if (container_header->Kind == kind) {
-        if (container_header->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
+    if (KStringBuilder::Equals(container_header[index].Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
+      if (container_header[index].Kind == kind) {
+        if (container_header[index].Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
           if (!this->fFatBinary) {
             mm_free_ptr(blob);
             return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
           }
         }
 
-        Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header->VMSize];
+        Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header[index].VMSize];
 
         rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)),
-                            container_blob_value, container_header->VMSize,
-                            container_header->VMSize);
+                            container_blob_value, container_header[index].VMSize,
+                            container_header[index].VMSize);
 
         mm_free_ptr(blob);
 
-        kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
+        kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header[index].Name << "!\r";
 
         auto ret = false;
-        for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < container_header->VMSize; ++i_vm) {
-          ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + i_vm),
+        for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < container_header[index].VMSize; ++i_vm) {
+          ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header[index].VMAddress + i_vm),
                                  (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
                                  HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c02e7972bd2a308d9c9ac3aec78d0530d5498b0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:27:22 +0100
Subject: feat: `mm_map_page` should iterate over `pages_count`, not `VMSize`
 directly.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index da69202e..357c279b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/OwnPtr.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
+#include "HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h"
 
 /// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /// @brief PEF backend for the Code Manager.
@@ -173,7 +174,10 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
         kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header[index].Name << "!\r";
 
         auto ret = false;
-        for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < container_header[index].VMSize; ++i_vm) {
+
+        auto pages_count = (container_header[index].VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
+
+        for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < pages_count; ++i_vm) {
           ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header[index].VMAddress + i_vm),
                                  (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
                                  HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7f766a5a7f5cf1fed9ad0792e545eff724952ae9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:32:01 +0100
Subject: feat&fix: critical patches to the PEFCodeMgr.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 357c279b..71e4e232 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
       container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[4] &&
       container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
     return;
-  } else if (container->Cpu == Detail::ldr_get_platform() && container->Magic[0] == kPefMagicFat[0] &&
+  } else if (container->Magic[0] == kPefMagicFat[0] &&
       container->Magic[1] == kPefMagicFat[1] && container->Magic[2] == kPefMagicFat[2] &&
       container->Magic[3] == kPefMagicFat[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagicFat[4] &&
       container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
@@ -173,12 +173,12 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
         kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header[index].Name << "!\r";
 
-        auto ret = false;
+        auto ret = 0;
 
         auto pages_count = (container_header[index].VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
 
         for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < pages_count; ++i_vm) {
-          ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header[index].VMAddress + i_vm),
+          ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header[index].VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
                                  (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
                                  HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d728ff289123fff3443a897cca3fc6424634f536 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:35:52 +0100
Subject: fix! PEFCodeMgr: critical fixes applied to PEF loader.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h |  4 +--
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc      | 61 +++++++++++++++++----------------------
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
index 899a1869..d61aa863 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ class PEFLoader : public LoaderInterface {
 
   Ref<KString> fPath;
   VoidPtr      fCachedBlob;
-  bool         fFatBinary;
-  bool         fBad;
+  BOOL         fFatBinary{};
+  BOOL         fBad{};
 };
 
 namespace Utils {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 71e4e232..d61a3cab 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -78,10 +78,9 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
       container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[4] &&
       container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
     return;
-  } else if (container->Magic[0] == kPefMagicFat[0] &&
-      container->Magic[1] == kPefMagicFat[1] && container->Magic[2] == kPefMagicFat[2] &&
-      container->Magic[3] == kPefMagicFat[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagicFat[4] &&
-      container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
+  } else if (container->Magic[0] == kPefMagicFat[0] && container->Magic[1] == kPefMagicFat[1] &&
+             container->Magic[2] == kPefMagicFat[2] && container->Magic[3] == kPefMagicFat[3] &&
+             container->Magic[4] == kPefMagicFat[4] && container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
     /// This is a fat binary, treat it as such.
     this->fFatBinary = true;
     return;
@@ -111,9 +110,7 @@ PEFLoader::~PEFLoader() {
 /// @param kind kind of symbol we want.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
-  if (!fCachedBlob || fBad || !name) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
-
-  PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
+  if (fBad || !name) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
 
   auto blob = fFile->Read(name, sizeof(PEFCommandHeader));
 
@@ -152,44 +149,40 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
   }
 
   error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak() += name;
-
-  for (SizeT index = 0; index < container->Count; ++index) {
-    if (KStringBuilder::Equals(container_header[index].Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
-      if (container_header[index].Kind == kind) {
-        if (container_header[index].Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
-          if (!this->fFatBinary) {
-            mm_free_ptr(blob);
-            return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
-          }
+  if (KStringBuilder::Equals(container_header->Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
+    if (container_header->Kind == kind) {
+      if (container_header->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
+        if (!this->fFatBinary) {
+          mm_free_ptr(blob);
+          return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
         }
+      }
 
-        Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header[index].VMSize];
+      Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header->VMSize];
 
-        rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)),
-                            container_blob_value, container_header[index].VMSize,
-                            container_header[index].VMSize);
+      rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)), container_blob_value,
+                          container_header->VMSize, container_header->VMSize);
 
-        mm_free_ptr(blob);
+      mm_free_ptr(blob);
 
-        kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header[index].Name << "!\r";
+      kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
 
-        auto ret = 0;
+      auto ret = 0;
 
-        auto pages_count = (container_header[index].VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
+      auto pages_count = (container_header->VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
 
-        for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < pages_count; ++i_vm) {
-          ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header[index].VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
-                                 (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
-                                 HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
+      for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < pages_count; ++i_vm) {
+        ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
+                               (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
+                               HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
-          if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
-            delete[] container_blob_value;
-            return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
-          }
+        if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
+          delete[] container_blob_value;
+          return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
         }
-
-        return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{container_blob_value};
       }
+
+      return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{container_blob_value};
     }
   }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2a28b34b046904667fb5ccc50b367320095c08f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 14:39:51 +0100
Subject: meta: PEFCodeMgr: fix code styling issues.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index d61a3cab..84afdabd 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/OwnPtr.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
-#include "HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h"
 
 /// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /// @brief PEF backend for the Code Manager.
@@ -136,8 +135,8 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
     }
     default:
       return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
-      ;  // prevent that from the kernel's mode perspective, let that happen if it
-         // were a user process.
+      // prevent that from the kernel's mode perspective, let that happen if it
+      // were a user process.
   }
 
   Char* unconst_symbol = const_cast<Char*>(name);
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From be0ec3d2db29c03d3da6d9d1080b399e0f43d16c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 17:07:26 +0100
Subject: feat: PEFCodeMgr: make use of explicit types instead of `auto`

why:

 - for better code clarity.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 8 ++++----
 dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc    | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 84afdabd..a6a28839 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
   }
 
   error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak() += name;
+
   if (KStringBuilder::Equals(container_header->Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
     if (container_header->Kind == kind) {
       if (container_header->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
@@ -166,9 +167,8 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
       kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
 
-      auto ret = 0;
-
-      auto pages_count = (container_header->VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
+      Int32 ret = 0;
+      SizeT pages_count = (container_header->VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
 
       for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < pages_count; ++i_vm) {
         ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ namespace Utils {
       symname = ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{(VoidPtr) rt_alloc_string("USER_PROCESS")};
     }
 
-    auto id =
+    ProcessID id =
         UserProcessScheduler::The().Spawn(reinterpret_cast<const Char*>(symname.Leak().Leak()),
                                           errOrStart.Leak().Leak(), exec.GetBlob().Leak().Leak());
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc
index e78f4908..2aa2a79c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Bool PTEWrapper::Reclaim() {
 }
 
 /// @brief Request a PTE.
-/// @param Rw r/w?
+/// @param Rw Is it read write? or is it read only?
 /// @param User user mode?
 /// @param ExecDisable disable execution on page?
 /// @return
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 014444356c42e46dbf4e2e9de802e6219ac508f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 18:48:58 +0100
Subject: fix: PEFCodeMgr: codebase fixes.

The PEF Code Manager had critical bugs in memory safety and virtual memory mapping.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 25 ++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index a6a28839..8887e6ce 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -109,14 +109,22 @@ PEFLoader::~PEFLoader() {
 /// @param kind kind of symbol we want.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
-  if (fBad || !name) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+  if (!fCachedBlob || fBad || !name) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
 
   auto blob = fFile->Read(name, sizeof(PEFCommandHeader));
 
+  PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
+
+  if (!container) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+  if (container->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+
   PEFCommandHeader* container_header = reinterpret_cast<PEFCommandHeader*>(blob);
 
-  constexpr auto kMangleCharacter  = '$';
-  const Char*    kContainerKinds[] = {".code64", ".data64", ".zero64", nullptr};
+  if (!container_header || container_header->VMSize < 1 || container_header->VMAddress == 0)
+    return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+
+  const auto  kMangleCharacter  = '$';
+  const Char* kContainerKinds[] = {".code64", ".data64", ".zero64", nullptr};
 
   ErrorOr<KString> error_or_symbol;
 
@@ -154,6 +162,8 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
       if (container_header->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
         if (!this->fFatBinary) {
           mm_free_ptr(blob);
+          blob = nullptr;
+
           return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
         }
       }
@@ -167,13 +177,14 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
       kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
 
-      Int32 ret = 0;
+      Int32 ret         = 0;
       SizeT pages_count = (container_header->VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
 
       for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < pages_count; ++i_vm) {
-        ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
-                               (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
-                               HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
+        ret = HAL::mm_map_page(
+            (VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
+            (VoidPtr) (HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value) + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
+            HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
         if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
           delete[] container_blob_value;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9e5243927dfc15bcd62da32eb3fbe114e1cedfdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 18:55:05 +0100
Subject: feat: check if the command header has the same CPU type as the
 container.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 8887e6ce..98830fdd 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
   if (!container_header || container_header->VMSize < 1 || container_header->VMAddress == 0)
     return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
 
+  if (container_header->Cpu != container->Cpu) {
+    return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+  }
+
   const auto  kMangleCharacter  = '$';
   const Char* kContainerKinds[] = {".code64", ".data64", ".zero64", nullptr};
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1bde51e7123ebe7660edecabd3d9dca355d1751f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2025 05:29:06 +0100
Subject: feat: PEFCodeMgr: Improved FAT binary support, made code more
 readable.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h |  8 ++---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc        | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h
index b5977c92..a8c36de7 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 enum {
-  kLockInvalid = 0,
-  kLockDone    = 200,
-  kLockTimedOut,
-  kLockCount = 3,
+  kLockInvalid  = 0,
+  kLockDone     = 200,
+  kLockTimedOut = 300,
+  kLockCount    = 3,
 };
 
 /// @brief Lock condition pointer.
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 98830fdd..5611bafe 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -72,24 +72,25 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
 
   PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
 
-  if (container->Cpu == Detail::ldr_get_platform() && container->Magic[0] == kPefMagic[0] &&
-      container->Magic[1] == kPefMagic[1] && container->Magic[2] == kPefMagic[2] &&
-      container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[4] &&
-      container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
-    return;
-  } else if (container->Magic[0] == kPefMagicFat[0] && container->Magic[1] == kPefMagicFat[1] &&
-             container->Magic[2] == kPefMagicFat[2] && container->Magic[3] == kPefMagicFat[3] &&
-             container->Magic[4] == kPefMagicFat[4] && container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
-    /// This is a fat binary, treat it as such.
-    this->fFatBinary = true;
-    return;
+  if (container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
+    if (container->Cpu == Detail::ldr_get_platform() && container->Magic[0] == kPefMagic[0] &&
+        container->Magic[1] == kPefMagic[1] && container->Magic[2] == kPefMagic[2] &&
+        container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[4]) {
+      return;
+    } else if (container->Magic[0] == kPefMagicFat[0] && container->Magic[1] == kPefMagicFat[1] &&
+               container->Magic[2] == kPefMagicFat[2] && container->Magic[3] == kPefMagicFat[3] &&
+               container->Magic[4] == kPefMagicFat[4]) {
+      /// This is a fat binary, treat it as such.
+      this->fFatBinary = true;
+      return;
+    }
   }
 
   fBad = true;
 
   if (fCachedBlob) mm_free_ptr(fCachedBlob);
 
-  kout << "PEFLoader: warning: Executable format error!\r";
+  kout << "PEFLoader: warning: exec format error!\r";
 
   fCachedBlob = nullptr;
 }
@@ -113,17 +114,19 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
   auto blob = fFile->Read(name, sizeof(PEFCommandHeader));
 
+  if (!blob) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+
   PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
 
   if (!container) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
-  if (container->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
 
-  PEFCommandHeader* container_header = reinterpret_cast<PEFCommandHeader*>(blob);
+  PEFCommandHeader* command_header = reinterpret_cast<PEFCommandHeader*>(blob);
 
-  if (!container_header || container_header->VMSize < 1 || container_header->VMAddress == 0)
+  if (command_header->VMSize < 1 || command_header->VMAddress == 0)
     return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
 
-  if (container_header->Cpu != container->Cpu) {
+  /// fat binary check.
+  if (command_header->Cpu != container->Cpu && !this->fFatBinary) {
     return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
   }
 
@@ -161,9 +164,9 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
   error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak() += name;
 
-  if (KStringBuilder::Equals(container_header->Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
-    if (container_header->Kind == kind) {
-      if (container_header->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
+  if (KStringBuilder::Equals(command_header->Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
+    if (command_header->Kind == kind) {
+      if (command_header->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
         if (!this->fFatBinary) {
           mm_free_ptr(blob);
           blob = nullptr;
@@ -172,26 +175,34 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
         }
       }
 
-      Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header->VMSize];
+      Char* container_blob_value = new Char[command_header->VMSize];
 
       rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)), container_blob_value,
-                          container_header->VMSize, container_header->VMSize);
+                          command_header->VMSize, command_header->VMSize);
 
       mm_free_ptr(blob);
 
-      kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
+      kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << command_header->Name << "!\r";
 
       Int32 ret         = 0;
-      SizeT pages_count = (container_header->VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
+      SizeT pages_count = (command_header->VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
 
       for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < pages_count; ++i_vm) {
         ret = HAL::mm_map_page(
-            (VoidPtr) (container_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
+            (VoidPtr) (command_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
             (VoidPtr) (HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value) + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
             HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
         if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
+          /// We set the VMAddress to nullptr, if the mapping fail here.
+          for (SizeT i_vm_unmap{}; i_vm_unmap < i_vm; ++i_vm_unmap) {
+            ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (command_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
+                                   nullptr, HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
+          }
+
           delete[] container_blob_value;
+          container_blob_value = nullptr;
+
           return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
         }
       }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9ac7b512ace3f8a3f5613dbf940484a9fa3c82c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal.elmahrouss@icloud.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2025 23:30:55 +0100
Subject: feat: PEFCodeMgr.cc: `ldr_get_platform` shall be static.

---
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 5611bafe..3cbc4faa 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
   Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ namespace Detail {
   /***********************************************************************************/
   /// @brief Get the PEF platform signature according to the compiled architecture.
   /***********************************************************************************/
-  UInt32 ldr_get_platform(void) noexcept {
+  static UInt32 ldr_get_platform(void) noexcept {
 #if defined(__NE_32X0__)
     return kPefArch32x0;
 #elif defined(__NE_64X0__)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 408be791647c015c99963cc1b6d710f58d729dec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal.elmahrouss@icloud.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 08:56:53 +0100
Subject: refactor! rename `tooling` to `tools` feat: BenchKit improvements and
 libMsg authorship refactors.

---
 .gitignore                    |   4 +-
 CODEOWNERS                    |   2 +-
 README.md                     |   6 +-
 compile_flags.txt             |   2 +-
 debug_ahci_x64.sh             |   2 +-
 debug_ata_x64.sh              |   2 +-
 dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h    |   4 +-
 dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h    |   5 +
 dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h |  16 +-
 release_ahci_x64.sh           |   2 +-
 release_ata_x64.sh            |   2 +-
 tooling/dist/.keep            |   0
 tooling/fsck.hefs.cc          |  76 -------
 tooling/fsck.hefs.json        |  16 --
 tooling/libmkfs/hefs.h        | 116 -----------
 tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h        |  83 --------
 tooling/mk_app.py             |  80 --------
 tooling/mk_fwrk.py            |  92 ---------
 tooling/mk_htman.py           |  41 ----
 tooling/mk_img.py             |  41 ----
 tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc          | 197 ------------------
 tooling/mkfs.hefs.json        |  16 --
 tooling/rang.h                | 467 ------------------------------------------
 tools/dist/.keep              |   0
 tools/fsck.hefs.cc            |  76 +++++++
 tools/fsck.hefs.json          |  16 ++
 tools/libmkfs/hefs.h          | 116 +++++++++++
 tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h          |  83 ++++++++
 tools/mk_app.py               |  80 ++++++++
 tools/mk_fwrk.py              |  92 +++++++++
 tools/mk_htman.py             |  41 ++++
 tools/mk_img.py               |  41 ++++
 tools/mkfs.hefs.cc            | 197 ++++++++++++++++++
 tools/mkfs.hefs.json          |  16 ++
 tools/rang.h                  | 467 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 35 files changed, 1253 insertions(+), 1244 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tooling/dist/.keep
 delete mode 100644 tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
 delete mode 100644 tooling/fsck.hefs.json
 delete mode 100644 tooling/libmkfs/hefs.h
 delete mode 100644 tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
 delete mode 100755 tooling/mk_app.py
 delete mode 100755 tooling/mk_fwrk.py
 delete mode 100755 tooling/mk_htman.py
 delete mode 100755 tooling/mk_img.py
 delete mode 100644 tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc
 delete mode 100644 tooling/mkfs.hefs.json
 delete mode 100644 tooling/rang.h
 create mode 100644 tools/dist/.keep
 create mode 100644 tools/fsck.hefs.cc
 create mode 100644 tools/fsck.hefs.json
 create mode 100644 tools/libmkfs/hefs.h
 create mode 100644 tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h
 create mode 100644 tools/mk_app.py
 create mode 100644 tools/mk_fwrk.py
 create mode 100644 tools/mk_htman.py
 create mode 100644 tools/mk_img.py
 create mode 100644 tools/mkfs.hefs.cc
 create mode 100644 tools/mkfs.hefs.json
 create mode 100644 tools/rang.h

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 9722f662..781e9544 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ ne_bootz
 
 neoskrnl/neoskrnl.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/
 
-tooling/dist/mkfs.*
-tooling/dist/fsck.*
+tools/dist/mkfs.*
+tools/dist/fsck.*
 
 html/
 latex/
diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 8eae8622..bf706bfd 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 /dev/ddk/ @amlel-el-mahrouss
 /dev/libMsg/ @0xf00sec
 /dev/libSystem/ @0xf00sec
-# some other parts (tooling, frameworks) need ownership too.
\ No newline at end of file
+# some other parts (tools, frameworks) need ownership too.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dc9acf93..0557f531 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 ## Overview
 
-**NeKernel** is a modern, multi-platform microkernel designed for security, modularity, and performance. It features a custom VFS, advanced memory management, a flexible DDK (Driver Development Kit), and robust userland tooling. NeKernel is built for research, education, and next-generation OS development.
+**NeKernel** is a modern, multi-platform microkernel designed for security, modularity, and performance. It features a custom VFS, advanced memory management, a flexible DDK (Driver Development Kit), and robust userland tools. NeKernel is built for research, education, and next-generation OS development.
 
 ---
 
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@
 
 - **System Call Interface**: low-level syscall ABI, with a stable high-level SDK for user applications. System calls are routed through a syscall manager and abstracted by `libSystem`.
 
-- **Security and Robustness**: kernel and tooling (bounds checks, safe memory copy/set, error codes). Kernel panics and error reporting for critical failures. No dynamic code loading in kernel space.
+- **Security and Robustness**: kernel and tools (bounds checks, safe memory copy/set, error codes). Kernel panics and error reporting for critical failures. No dynamic code loading in kernel space.
 
-- **Documentation and Specs**: Full LaTeX specifications for HeFS and NeFS, with on-disk structure diagrams and API documentation. Markdown docs for tooling and usage.
+- **Documentation and Specs**: Full LaTeX specifications for HeFS and NeFS, with on-disk structure diagrams and API documentation. Markdown docs for tools and usage.
 
 - **Cross-Platform Boot Support**: Bootloader and platform code for AMD64 and ARM64, with handover and hardware abstraction layers.
 
diff --git a/compile_flags.txt b/compile_flags.txt
index fbfd1d06..828dc123 100644
--- a/compile_flags.txt
+++ b/compile_flags.txt
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 -Ipublic/tools/open
 -Ipublic/frameworks
 -Idev/boot/BootKit
--Itooling/
+-Itools/
 -I./
 -std=c++20
 -D__NE_AMD64__
diff --git a/debug_ahci_x64.sh b/debug_ahci_x64.sh
index 66121bb7..97ff57ee 100755
--- a/debug_ahci_x64.sh
+++ b/debug_ahci_x64.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ cd ../boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make all
 make -f amd64-desktop.make disk
 cd ../../
-./tooling/mk_img.py ./dev/boot/src/nekernel-esp.img ./dev/boot/src/root
+./tools/mk_img.py ./dev/boot/src/nekernel-esp.img ./dev/boot/src/root
 cd dev/boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make run-efi-amd64-ahci
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/debug_ata_x64.sh b/debug_ata_x64.sh
index 6f40887b..b021c3ed 100755
--- a/debug_ata_x64.sh
+++ b/debug_ata_x64.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ cd ../boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make all
 make -f amd64-desktop.make disk
 cd ../../
-./tooling/mk_img.py ./dev/boot/src/nekernel-esp.img ./dev/boot/src/root
+./tools/mk_img.py ./dev/boot/src/nekernel-esp.img ./dev/boot/src/root
 cd dev/boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make run-efi-amd64-ata-pio
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
index aee0dbdd..4fa73ccc 100644
--- a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
+++ b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
 #endif
 
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief libMsg LISP system.
+
 struct LIBMSG_EXPR;
 
 /// @brief an expression chain of LibMSG.
@@ -34,5 +37,4 @@ typedef Void (*libmsg_func_t)(LIBMSG_EXPR* self, VoidPtr arg, SizeT arg_size);
 
 IMPORT_C Void   libmsg_init_library(libmsg_func_t* funcs, SizeT cnt);
 IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_close_library(Void);
-
 IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_eval_expr(struct LIBMSG_EXPR* head);
diff --git a/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
index 394f16fd..c6801de5 100644
--- a/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief BenchKit Chrono contract.
+
+#define BENCHKIT_INTERFACE : public ::Kernel::ChronoInterface
+
 namespace Kernel {
 class ChronoInterface;
 
diff --git a/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
index 706ce883..358c74d4 100644
--- a/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@ namespace Kernel {
 class X64Chrono;
 struct X64ChronoTraits;
 
+/// @brief BenchKit chrono logic for x64.
 struct X64ChronoTraits {
  private:
   STATIC UInt64 TickImpl_(void) {
     UInt64 a = 0, d = 0;
-    __asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(a), "=d"(d));
+    
+    asm volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(a), "=d"(d));
     return (d << 32) | a;
   }
 
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ struct X64ChronoTraits {
 };
 
 /// @brief X86_64 hardware chrono implementation using the `rdtsc` instruction.
-class X64Chrono : public ChronoInterface {
+class X64Chrono BENCHKIT_INTERFACE {
  public:
   X64Chrono()           = default;
   ~X64Chrono() override = default;
@@ -34,11 +36,11 @@ class X64Chrono : public ChronoInterface {
   NE_COPY_DEFAULT(X64Chrono);
 
  public:
-  void Start() override { fStart = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
+  Void Start() override { fStart = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
 
-  void Stop() override { fStop = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
+  Void Stop() override { fStop = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
 
-  void Reset() override {
+  Void Reset() override {
     fStart = 0;
     fStop  = 0;
   }
@@ -46,8 +48,8 @@ class X64Chrono : public ChronoInterface {
   UInt64 GetElapsedTime() const override { return fStop - fStart; }
 
  private:
-  UInt64 fStart = 0;
-  UInt64 fStop  = 0;
+  UInt64 fStart{};
+  UInt64 fStop{};
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
diff --git a/release_ahci_x64.sh b/release_ahci_x64.sh
index d585e74e..f081c774 100755
--- a/release_ahci_x64.sh
+++ b/release_ahci_x64.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ cd ../boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make all
 make -f amd64-desktop.make disk
 cd ../../
-./tooling/mk_img.py ./dev/boot/src/nekernel-esp.img ./dev/boot/src/root
+./tools/mk_img.py ./dev/boot/src/nekernel-esp.img ./dev/boot/src/root
 cd dev/boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make run-efi-amd64-ahci
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/release_ata_x64.sh b/release_ata_x64.sh
index c0a0e01e..d69e3d3f 100755
--- a/release_ata_x64.sh
+++ b/release_ata_x64.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ cd ../boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make all
 make -f amd64-desktop.make disk
 cd ../../
-./tooling/mk_img.py ./dev/boot/src/nekernel-esp.img ./dev/boot/src/root
+./tools/mk_img.py ./dev/boot/src/nekernel-esp.img ./dev/boot/src/root
 cd dev/boot
 make -f amd64-desktop.make run-efi-amd64-ata-pio
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tooling/dist/.keep b/tooling/dist/.keep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29b..00000000
diff --git a/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc b/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d0b3e03..00000000
--- a/tooling/fsck.hefs.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#include <tooling/libmkfs/hefs.h>
-#include <tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <fstream>
-
-static uint16_t      kNumericalBase = 10;
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-  if (argc < 2) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: usage: fsck.hefs -i=<input_device>"
-                        << "\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  auto args = mkfs::detail::build_args(argc, argv);
-
-  auto opt_disk = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-i");
-
-  auto origin = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-o");
-
-  if (opt_disk.empty()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: error: HeFS is empty! Exiting..."
-                        << "\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  auto out_origin = 0L;
-
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(origin, out_origin, kNumericalBase)) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -o <dec> argument.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  std::ifstream output_device(opt_disk, std::ios::binary);
-
-  if (!output_device.good()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Unable to open output device: " << opt_disk << "\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  output_device.seekg(out_origin);
-
-  if (!output_device.good()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Failed seek to origin.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  mkfs::hefs::BootNode boot_node;
-
-  std::memset(&boot_node, 0, sizeof(boot_node));
-  
-  output_device.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&boot_node), sizeof(boot_node));
-
-  if (strncmp(boot_node.magic, kHeFSMagic, kHeFSMagicLen) != 0 || boot_node.sectorCount < 1 ||
-      boot_node.sectorSize < kMkFsSectorSz) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Device is not an HeFS disk: " << opt_disk << "\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  if (boot_node.badSectors > kMkFsMaxBadSectors) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: HeFS disk has too much bad sectors: " << opt_disk << "\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: HeFS partition is is healthy, exiting...\n";
-
-  output_device.close();
-
-  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tooling/fsck.hefs.json b/tooling/fsck.hefs.json
deleted file mode 100644
index d6ff4b0f..00000000
--- a/tooling/fsck.hefs.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "compiler_path": "g++",
-    "compiler_std": "c++20",
-    "headers_path": [
-        "../"
-    ],
-    "sources_path": [
-        "fsck.hefs.cc"
-    ],
-    "output_name": "./dist/fsck.hefs",
-    "cpp_macros": [
-        "kFSCKHEFSVersion=0x0100",
-        "kFSCKHEFSVersionHighest=0x0100",
-        "kFSCKHEFSVersionLowest=0x0100"
-    ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tooling/libmkfs/hefs.h b/tooling/libmkfs/hefs.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 52bb3086..00000000
--- a/tooling/libmkfs/hefs.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
-
-#define kHeFSVersion (0x0101)
-#define kHeFSMagic "  HeFS"
-#define kHeFSMagicLen (8)
-
-#define kHeFSFileNameLen (256U)
-#define kHeFSPartNameLen (128U)
-
-#define kHeFSDefaultVolumeName u8"HeFS Volume"
-
-namespace mkfs::hefs {
-
-// Drive kinds
-enum {
-  kHeFSHardDrive         = 0xC0,  // Hard Drive
-  kHeFSSolidStateDrive   = 0xC1,  // Solid State Drive
-  kHeFSOpticalDrive      = 0x0C,  // Blu-Ray/DVD
-  kHeFSMassStorageDevice = 0xCC,  // USB
-  kHeFSScsiDrive         = 0xC4,  // SCSI Hard Drive
-  kHeFSFlashDrive        = 0xC6,
-  kHeFSUnknown           = 0xFF,  // Unknown device.
-  kHeFSDriveCount        = 8,
-};
-
-// Disk status
-enum {
-  kHeFSStatusUnlocked = 0x18,
-  kHeFSStatusLocked,
-  kHeFSStatusError,
-  kHeFSStatusInvalid,
-  kHeFSStatusCount,
-};
-
-// Encodings
-enum {
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8 = 0x50,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF16,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF32,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF16BE,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF16LE,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF32BE,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF32LE,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8BE,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8LE,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsBinary,
-  kHeFSEncodingFlagsCount = 11,
-  kHeFSFlagsNone          = 0,
-  kHeFSFlagsReadOnly      = 0x100,
-  kHeFSFlagsHidden,
-  kHeFSFlagsSystem,
-  kHeFSFlagsArchive,
-  kHeFSFlagsDevice,
-  kHeFSFlagsCount = 7
-};
-
-// Time type
-using ATime = std::uint64_t;
-
-// File kinds
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindRegular      = 0x00;
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindDirectory    = 0x01;
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindBlock        = 0x02;
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindCharacter    = 0x03;
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindFIFO         = 0x04;
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindSocket       = 0x05;
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindSymbolicLink = 0x06;
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindUnknown      = 0x07;
-inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindCount        = 0x08;
-
-// Red-black tree colors
-enum {
-  kHeFSInvalidColor = 0,
-  kHeFSRed          = 100,
-  kHeFSBlack,
-  kHeFSColorCount,
-};
-
-// Time constants
-inline constexpr ATime kHeFSTimeInvalid = 0x0000000000000000;
-inline constexpr ATime kHeFSTimeMax     = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF - 1;
-
-// Boot Node
-struct __attribute__((packed)) BootNode {
-  char          magic[kHeFSMagicLen]{};
-  char8_t       volumeName[kHeFSPartNameLen]{};
-  std::uint32_t version{};
-  std::uint64_t badSectors{};
-  std::uint64_t sectorCount{};
-  std::uint64_t sectorSize{};
-  std::uint32_t checksum{};
-  std::uint8_t  diskKind{};
-  std::uint8_t  encoding{};
-  std::uint64_t startIND{};
-  std::uint64_t endIND{};
-  std::uint64_t indCount{};
-  std::uint64_t diskSize{};
-  std::uint16_t diskStatus{};
-  std::uint16_t diskFlags{};
-  std::uint16_t vid{};
-  std::uint64_t startIN{};
-  std::uint64_t endIN{};
-  std::uint64_t startBlock{};
-  std::uint64_t endBlock{};
-  char          pad[272]{};
-};
-}  // namespace mkfs::hefs
diff --git a/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h b/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 31f7a26a..00000000
--- a/tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <tooling/rang.h>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-
-#define kMkFsSectorSz (512U)
-#define kMkFsMaxBadSectors (128U)
-
-/// @internal
-namespace mkfs {
-
-namespace detail {
-  /// @internal
-  /// @brief GB‐to‐byte conversion (use multiplication, not XOR).
-  inline constexpr size_t gib_cast(uint32_t gb) {
-    return static_cast<size_t>(gb) * 1024ULL * 1024ULL * 1024ULL;
-  }
-
-  inline bool parse_decimal(const std::string& opt, unsigned long long& out) {
-    if (opt.empty()) return false;
-    char*              endptr = nullptr;
-    unsigned long long val    = std::strtoull(opt.c_str(), &endptr, 10);
-    if (endptr == opt.c_str() || *endptr != '\0') return false;
-    out = val;
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  inline bool parse_signed(const std::string& opt, long& out, int base = 10) {
-    out = 0L;
-    
-    if (opt.empty()) return true;
-
-    char* endptr = nullptr;
-    long  val    = std::strtol(opt.c_str(), &endptr, base);
-    auto err = errno;
-    
-    if (err == ERANGE || err == EINVAL) return false;
-    if (endptr == opt.c_str() || *endptr != '\0') return false;
-
-    out = val;
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  inline std::string build_args(int argc, char** argv) {
-    std::string combined;
-    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
-      combined += argv[i];
-      combined += ' ';
-    }
-    return combined;
-  }
-}  // namespace detail
-
-/// @brief Helper function to get the option value from command line arguments.
-template <typename CharType>
-inline std::basic_string<CharType> get_option(const std::basic_string<CharType>& args,
-                                              const std::basic_string<CharType>& option) {
-  size_t pos = args.find(option + CharType('='));
-
-  if (pos != std::string::npos) {
-    size_t start = pos + option.length() + 1;
-    size_t end   = args.find(' ', start);
-    return args.substr(start, end - start);
-  }
-
-  return std::basic_string<CharType>{};
-}
-
-inline auto console_out() -> std::ostream& {
-  std::ostream& conout = std::cout;
-  conout << rang::fg::red << "mkfs: " << rang::style::reset;
-
-  return conout;
-}
-}  // namespace mkfs
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tooling/mk_app.py b/tooling/mk_app.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 7f7cef17..00000000
--- a/tooling/mk_app.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import os
-import json
-import sys
-
-def create_directory_structure(base_path, project_name):
-    # Define the directory structure
-    structure = {
-        project_name: {
-            "dist": {
-                ".keep": None
-            },
-            "src": {
-                ".keep": None,
-                "CommandLine.cc": None,
-            },
-            "vendor": {
-                ".keep": None
-            },
-            ".keep": None,
-            f"{project_name}.json": {}
-        }
-    }
-
-    def create_structure(path, structure):
-        for name, content in structure.items():
-            current_path = os.path.join(path, name)
-            # Create directories or files based on the content type
-            if isinstance(content, dict) and current_path.endswith(".json") == False:
-                os.makedirs(current_path, exist_ok=True)
-                create_structure(current_path, content)
-            elif content is None:
-                # Create an empty file
-                with open(current_path, 'w') as f:
-                    pass
-
-    # Create the base directory
-    os.makedirs(base_path, exist_ok=True)
-    create_structure(base_path, structure)
-
-    # Create the JSON file
-    proj_json_path = os.path.join(base_path, project_name, f"{project_name}.json")
-
-    manifest = {
-        "compiler_path": "clang++",
-        "compiler_std": "c++20",
-        "headers_path": ["./", "../../../dev/kernel", "../../../public/frameworks/", "../../../dev/", "./"],
-        "sources_path": [
-            
-        ],
-        "output_name": f"./dist/{project_name}",
-        "cpp_macros": [
-            "kSampleFWVersion=0x0100",
-            "kSampleFWVersionHighest=0x0100",
-            "kSampleFWVersionLowest=0x0100",
-            "__NE_SDK__"
-        ]
-    }
-    
-    with open(proj_json_path, 'w') as json_file:
-        json.dump(manifest, json_file, indent=4)
-
-    proj_cpp_path = os.path.join(base_path, project_name, f"src/CommandLine.cc")
-
-    cpp_file = "#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>\n\nSInt32 _NeMain(SInt32 argc, Char* argv[]) {\n\treturn EXIT_FAILURE;\n}"
-
-    with open(proj_cpp_path, 'w') as cpp_file_io:
-        cpp_file_io.write(cpp_file)
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-        print("HELP: mk_app.py <project_name>")
-        sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
-
-    base_path = os.getcwd()  # Use the current working directory as the base path
-    create_directory_structure(base_path, sys.argv[1])
-    
-    print("INFO: Application created successfully.")
diff --git a/tooling/mk_fwrk.py b/tooling/mk_fwrk.py
deleted file mode 100755
index b2ef99ff..00000000
--- a/tooling/mk_fwrk.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import os
-import json
-import sys
-
-"""
-    Create directory structure for the framework.
-"""
-def create_directory_structure(base_path_fwrk, project_file_name, project_name):
-    # Define the directory structure
-    structure = {
-        project_name: {
-            "headers": {
-                ".keep": None
-            },
-            "dist": {
-                ".keep": None
-            },
-            "src": {
-                ".keep": None,
-                "DylibMain.cc": None,
-            },
-            "xml": {
-                ".keep": None
-            },
-            ".keep": None,
-            f"{project_file_name}.json": {}
-        }
-    }
-
-    def create_structure(path, structure_in):
-        for name, content in structure_in.items():
-            current_path = os.path.join(path, name)
-            # Create directories or files based on the content type
-            if isinstance(content, dict) and current_path.endswith(".json") == False:
-                os.makedirs(current_path, exist_ok=True)
-                create_structure(current_path, content)
-            elif content is None:
-                # Create an empty file
-                with open(current_path, 'w') as f:
-                    pass
-
-    # Create the base directory
-    os.makedirs(base_path_fwrk, exist_ok=True)
-    create_structure(base_path_fwrk, structure)
-
-    # Create the JSON file
-    proj_json_path = os.path.join(base_path_fwrk, project_name, f"{project_file_name}.json")
-
-    manifest = {
-        "compiler_path": "clang++",
-        "compiler_std": "c++20",
-        "headers_path": ["./", "../../../dev/kernel", "../../../public/frameworks/", "../../../dev/", "./"],
-        "sources_path": [
-
-        ],
-        "output_name": f"./dist/lib{project_name}.dylib",
-        "cpp_macros": [
-            "kSampleFWVersion=0x0100",
-            "kSampleFWVersionHighest=0x0100",
-            "kSampleFWVersionLowest=0x0100",
-            "__NE_SDK__"
-        ]
-    }
-
-    with open(proj_json_path, 'w') as json_file:
-        json.dump(manifest, json_file, indent=4)
-
-    proj_cpp_path = os.path.join(base_path_fwrk, project_name, f"src/DylibMain.cc")
-
-    cpp_file = "#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>\n\nSInt32 _DylibAttach(SInt32 argc, Char* argv[]) {\n\treturn EXIT_FAILURE;\n}"
-
-    with open(proj_cpp_path, 'w') as cpp_file_io:
-        cpp_file_io.write(cpp_file)
-
-    xml_blob = f"<PropertyList>\n<PLEntry Type=\"CFString\" Name=\"LibraryName\" Len=\"{len(project_name)}\" Value=\"{project_name}\" /></PropertyList>"
-    proj_xml_path = os.path.join(base_path_fwrk, project_name, f"xml/app.xml")
-
-    with open(proj_xml_path, 'w') as cpp_file_io:
-        cpp_file_io.write(xml_blob)
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-        print("HELP: mk_fwrk.py <project_name>")
-        sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
-
-    base_path = os.getcwd()  # Use the current working directory as the base path
-    create_directory_structure(base_path, sys.argv[1], sys.argv[1] + '.fwrk')
-
-    print("INFO: Framework created successfully.")
diff --git a/tooling/mk_htman.py b/tooling/mk_htman.py
deleted file mode 100755
index e865f7c5..00000000
--- a/tooling/mk_htman.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import sys, os
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
-        print("INFO: mk_htman.py <manual_path>")
-        sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
-
-    manual_path = sys.argv[1]
-    if not os.path.exists(manual_path):
-        print(f"ERROR: Manual path '{manual_path}' does not exist.")
-        sys.exit(os.EX_NOINPUT)
-
-    if os.path.isdir(manual_path):
-        print(f"ERROR: Manual path '{manual_path}' is a directory.")
-        sys.exit(os.EX_NOTDIR)
-
-    if not manual_path.endswith('.man'):
-        print(f"ERROR: Manual path '{manual_path}' must end with '.man'")
-        sys.exit(os.EX_DATAERR)
-
-    try:
-        with open(manual_path, 'r') as file:
-            content = file.read()
-            if not content.strip():
-                print(f"ERROR: Manual file '{manual_path}' is empty.")
-                sys.exit(os.EX_DATAERR)
-        html_content = f"<html><head><title>NeKernel Manual: {manual_path}</title></head><body><pre>{content}</pre></body></html>"
-
-        html_path = manual_path.replace('.man', '.html')
-        
-        with open(html_path, 'w') as html_file:
-            html_file.write(html_content)
-    except IOError as e:
-        print(f"ERROR: Could not read manual file '{manual_path}': {e}")
-        sys.exit(os.EX_IOERR)
-
-    print(f"INFO: Wrote manual '{manual_path}' to HTML.")
-    sys.exit(os.EX_OK)
diff --git a/tooling/mk_img.py b/tooling/mk_img.py
deleted file mode 100755
index f0fa0609..00000000
--- a/tooling/mk_img.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import os
-import sys
-import subprocess
-import glob as file_glob
-
-def copy_to_fat(image_path, source_dir):
-    if not os.path.isfile(image_path):
-        print(f"Error: FAT32 image {image_path} does not exist.")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    if not os.path.isdir(source_dir):
-        print(f"Error: {source_dir} is not a valid directory.")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    try:
-        files_to_copy = file_glob.glob(os.path.join(source_dir, "*"))
-
-        if not files_to_copy:
-            print(f"Warning: No files found in {source_dir}, nothing to copy.")
-            sys.exit(1)
-        
-        command = ["mcopy", "-spm", "-i", image_path] + files_to_copy + ["::"]
-        subprocess.run(command, check=True)
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"Error: failed: {e}")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    if len(sys.argv) != 3:
-        print("HELP: mk_img.py <fat32_image> <source_directory>")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    image_path = sys.argv[1]
-    source_dir = sys.argv[2]
-
-    copy_to_fat(image_path, source_dir)
-
-    print("INFO: Image created successfully.")
diff --git a/tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc b/tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index b90b0fc5..00000000
--- a/tooling/mkfs.hefs.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#include <tooling/libmkfs/hefs.h>
-#include <tooling/libmkfs/mkfs.h>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <limits>
-
-static size_t        kDiskSize = mkfs::detail::gib_cast(4UL);
-static uint16_t      kVersion  = kHeFSVersion;
-static std::u8string kLabel;
-static size_t        kSectorSize = 512;
-static uint16_t      kNumericalBase = 10;
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-  if (argc < 2) {
-    mkfs::console_out()
-        << "hefs: usage: mkfs.hefs -L=<label> -s=<sector_size> -b=<ind_start> -e=<ind_end> "
-           "-bs=<block_start> -be=<block_end> -is=<in_start> -ie=<in_end> "
-           "-S=<disk_size_GB> -o=<output_device>\n";
-
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  std::string args = mkfs::detail::build_args(argc, argv);
-
-  auto output_path = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-o");
-  if (output_path.empty()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Missing -o <output_device> argument.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  auto opt_s    = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-s");
-  long parsed_s = 0;
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_s, parsed_s, kNumericalBase) || parsed_s == 0) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid sector size \"" << opt_s
-                        << "\". Must be a positive integer.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  if ((parsed_s & (parsed_s - 1)) != 0) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Sector size \"" << parsed_s
-                        << "\" is not a power of two.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-  kSectorSize = static_cast<size_t>(parsed_s);
-
-  auto opt_L = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-L");
-  if (!opt_L.empty()) {
-    kLabel.clear();
-    for (char c : opt_L) kLabel.push_back(static_cast<char8_t>(c));
-  } else {
-    kLabel.clear();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < kHeFSPartNameLen && kHeFSDefaultVolumeName[i] != u'\0'; ++i) {
-      kLabel.push_back(static_cast<char8_t>(kHeFSDefaultVolumeName[i]));
-    }
-  }
-
-  auto               opt_S = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-S");
-  unsigned long long gb    = 0;
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_decimal(opt_S, gb) || gb == 0ULL) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid disk size \"" << opt_S
-                        << "\". Must be a positive integer.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-  unsigned long long max_gb = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() / (1024ULL * 1024ULL * 1024ULL);
-  if (gb > max_gb) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Disk size \"" << gb << "GB\" is too large.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-  kDiskSize = static_cast<size_t>(gb * 1024ULL * 1024ULL * 1024ULL);
-
-  auto opt_b  = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-b");
-  auto opt_e  = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-e");
-  auto opt_bs = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-bs");
-  auto opt_be = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-be");
-  auto opt_is = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-is");
-  auto opt_ie = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-ie");
-
-  long start_ind = 0, end_ind = 0;
-  long start_block = 0, end_block = 0;
-  long start_in = 0, end_in = 0;
-
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_b, start_ind, kNumericalBase)) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -b <dec> argument.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-  
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_e, end_ind, kNumericalBase) || end_ind <= start_ind) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid or out-of-range -e <dec> argument.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-  
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_bs, start_block, kNumericalBase)) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -bs <dec> argument.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-  
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_be, end_block, kNumericalBase) || end_block <= start_block) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid or out-of-range -be <dec> argument.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-  
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_is, start_in, kNumericalBase)) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -is <dec> argument.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_ie, end_in, kNumericalBase) || end_in <= start_in) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid or out-of-range -ie <dec> argument.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  if (static_cast<size_t>(end_block) * kSectorSize > kDiskSize ||
-      static_cast<size_t>(end_ind) > kDiskSize || static_cast<size_t>(end_in) > kDiskSize) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: One or more ranges exceed disk size.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  std::ofstream output_device(output_path, std::ios::binary);
-
-  if (!output_device.good()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Unable to open output device: " << output_path << "\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  mkfs::hefs::BootNode boot_node;
-  std::memset(&boot_node, 0, sizeof(boot_node));
-
-  boot_node.version    = kVersion;
-  boot_node.diskKind   = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSHardDrive;
-  boot_node.encoding   = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8;
-  boot_node.diskSize   = kDiskSize;
-  boot_node.sectorSize = kSectorSize;
-  boot_node.sectorCount = kDiskSize / kSectorSize;
-  boot_node.startIND   = static_cast<size_t>(start_ind) + sizeof(mkfs::hefs::BootNode);
-  boot_node.endIND     = static_cast<size_t>(end_ind);
-  boot_node.startIN    = static_cast<size_t>(start_in);
-  boot_node.endIN      = static_cast<size_t>(end_in);
-  boot_node.startBlock = static_cast<size_t>(start_block);
-  boot_node.endBlock   = static_cast<size_t>(end_block);
-  boot_node.indCount   = 0UL;
-  boot_node.diskStatus = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSStatusUnlocked;
-
-  static_assert(sizeof(boot_node.magic) >= kHeFSMagicLen,
-                "BootNode::magic too small to hold kHeFSMagicLen");
-                
-  std::memset(boot_node.magic, 0, sizeof(boot_node.magic));
-  size_t magic_copy =
-      (sizeof(boot_node.magic) < kHeFSMagicLen - 1) ? sizeof(boot_node.magic) : (kHeFSMagicLen - 1);
-  std::memcpy(boot_node.magic, kHeFSMagic, magic_copy);
-  boot_node.magic[magic_copy] = 0;
-
-  constexpr size_t vol_slots = kHeFSPartNameLen;
-  
-  std::memset(boot_node.volumeName, 0, sizeof(boot_node.volumeName));
-  
-  size_t label_units = std::min(kLabel.size(), vol_slots - 1);
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < label_units; ++i) {
-    boot_node.volumeName[i] = static_cast<char8_t>(kLabel[i]);
-  }
-  
-  boot_node.volumeName[label_units] = 0U;
-
-  output_device.seekp(static_cast<std::streamoff>(start_ind));
-  if (!output_device.good()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Failed seek to index start.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  output_device.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&boot_node), sizeof(boot_node));
-  if (!output_device.good()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Unable to write BootNode to output device: " << output_path
-                        << "\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  output_device.seekp(static_cast<std::streamoff>(boot_node.startIND));
-  if (!output_device.good()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Failed seek to startIND.\n";
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-  }
-
-  output_device.flush();
-  output_device.close();
-
-  mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: info: Wrote filesystem to output device: " << output_path << "\n";
-
-  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}
diff --git a/tooling/mkfs.hefs.json b/tooling/mkfs.hefs.json
deleted file mode 100644
index d29b7f73..00000000
--- a/tooling/mkfs.hefs.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "compiler_path": "g++",
-    "compiler_std": "c++20",
-    "headers_path": [
-        "../"
-    ],
-    "sources_path": [
-        "mkfs.hefs.cc"
-    ],
-    "output_name": "./dist/mkfs.hefs",
-    "cpp_macros": [
-        "kMKFSHEFSVersion=0x0100",
-        "kMKFSHEFSVersionHighest=0x0100",
-        "kMKFSHEFSVersionLowest=0x0100"
-    ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tooling/rang.h b/tooling/rang.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5d1c68ef..00000000
--- a/tooling/rang.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,467 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RANG_DOT_HPP
-#define RANG_DOT_HPP
-
-#if defined(__unix__) || defined(__unix) || defined(__linux__)
-#define OS_LINUX
-#elif defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
-#define OS_WIN
-#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__)
-#define OS_MAC
-#else
-#error Unknown Platform
-#endif
-
-#if defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_MAC)
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#elif defined(OS_WIN)
-
-#if defined(_WIN32_WINNT) && (_WIN32_WINNT < 0x0600)
-#error \
-    "Please include rang.hpp before any windows system headers or set _WIN32_WINNT at least to _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA"
-#elif !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
-#define _WIN32_WINNT _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
-#endif
-
-#include <io.h>
-#include <windows.h>
-#include <memory>
-
-// Only defined in windows 10 onwards, redefining in lower windows since it
-// doesn't gets used in lower versions
-// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/getconsolemode
-#ifndef ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING
-#define ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING 0x0004
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <iostream>
-
-namespace rang {
-
-/* For better compability with most of terminals do not use any style settings
- * except of reset, bold and reversed.
- * Note that on Windows terminals bold style is same as fgB color.
- */
-enum class style {
-  reset     = 0,
-  bold      = 1,
-  dim       = 2,
-  italic    = 3,
-  underline = 4,
-  blink     = 5,
-  rblink    = 6,
-  reversed  = 7,
-  conceal   = 8,
-  crossed   = 9
-};
-
-enum class fg {
-  black   = 30,
-  red     = 31,
-  green   = 32,
-  yellow  = 33,
-  blue    = 34,
-  magenta = 35,
-  cyan    = 36,
-  gray    = 37,
-  reset   = 39
-};
-
-enum class bg {
-  black   = 40,
-  red     = 41,
-  green   = 42,
-  yellow  = 43,
-  blue    = 44,
-  magenta = 45,
-  cyan    = 46,
-  gray    = 47,
-  reset   = 49
-};
-
-enum class fgB {
-  black   = 90,
-  red     = 91,
-  green   = 92,
-  yellow  = 93,
-  blue    = 94,
-  magenta = 95,
-  cyan    = 96,
-  gray    = 97
-};
-
-enum class bgB {
-  black   = 100,
-  red     = 101,
-  green   = 102,
-  yellow  = 103,
-  blue    = 104,
-  magenta = 105,
-  cyan    = 106,
-  gray    = 107
-};
-
-enum class control {  // Behaviour of rang function calls
-  Off   = 0,          // toggle off rang style/color calls
-  Auto  = 1,          // (Default) autodect terminal and colorize if needed
-  Force = 2           // force ansi color output to non terminal streams
-};
-// Use rang::setControlMode to set rang control mode
-
-enum class winTerm {  // Windows Terminal Mode
-  Auto   = 0,         // (Default) automatically detects wheter Ansi or Native API
-  Ansi   = 1,         // Force use Ansi API
-  Native = 2          // Force use Native API
-};
-// Use rang::setWinTermMode to explicitly set terminal API for Windows
-// Calling rang::setWinTermMode have no effect on other OS
-
-namespace rang_implementation {
-
-  inline std::atomic<control>& controlMode() noexcept {
-    static std::atomic<control> value(control::Auto);
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  inline std::atomic<winTerm>& winTermMode() noexcept {
-    static std::atomic<winTerm> termMode(winTerm::Auto);
-    return termMode;
-  }
-
-  inline bool supportsColor() noexcept {
-#if defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_MAC)
-
-    static const bool result = [] {
-      const char* Terms[] = {"ansi",  "color", "console", "cygwin", "gnome",  "konsole", "kterm",
-                             "linux", "msys",  "putty",   "rxvt",   "screen", "vt100",   "xterm"};
-
-      const char* env_p = std::getenv("TERM");
-      if (env_p == nullptr) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      return std::any_of(std::begin(Terms), std::end(Terms),
-                         [&](const char* term) { return std::strstr(env_p, term) != nullptr; });
-    }();
-
-#elif defined(OS_WIN)
-    // All windows versions support colors through native console methods
-    static constexpr bool result = true;
-#endif
-    return result;
-  }
-
-#ifdef OS_WIN
-
-  inline bool isMsysPty(int fd) noexcept {
-    // Dynamic load for binary compability with old Windows
-    const auto ptrGetFileInformationByHandleEx =
-        reinterpret_cast<decltype(&GetFileInformationByHandleEx)>(
-            GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32.dll")), "GetFileInformationByHandleEx"));
-    if (!ptrGetFileInformationByHandleEx) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    HANDLE h = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(_get_osfhandle(fd));
-    if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    // Check that it's a pipe:
-    if (GetFileType(h) != FILE_TYPE_PIPE) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    // POD type is binary compatible with FILE_NAME_INFO from WinBase.h
-    // It have the same alignment and used to avoid UB in caller code
-    struct MY_FILE_NAME_INFO {
-      DWORD FileNameLength;
-      WCHAR FileName[MAX_PATH];
-    };
-
-    auto pNameInfo = std::unique_ptr<MY_FILE_NAME_INFO>(new (std::nothrow) MY_FILE_NAME_INFO());
-    if (!pNameInfo) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    // Check pipe name is template of
-    // {"cygwin-","msys-"}XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX-ptyX-XX
-    if (!ptrGetFileInformationByHandleEx(h, FileNameInfo, pNameInfo.get(),
-                                         sizeof(MY_FILE_NAME_INFO))) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    std::wstring name(pNameInfo->FileName, pNameInfo->FileNameLength / sizeof(WCHAR));
-    if ((name.find(L"msys-") == std::wstring::npos &&
-         name.find(L"cygwin-") == std::wstring::npos) ||
-        name.find(L"-pty") == std::wstring::npos) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-  }
-
-#endif
-
-  inline bool isTerminal(const std::streambuf* osbuf) noexcept {
-    using std::cerr;
-    using std::clog;
-    using std::cout;
-#if defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_MAC)
-    if (osbuf == cout.rdbuf()) {
-      static const bool cout_term = isatty(fileno(stdout)) != 0;
-      return cout_term;
-    } else if (osbuf == cerr.rdbuf() || osbuf == clog.rdbuf()) {
-      static const bool cerr_term = isatty(fileno(stderr)) != 0;
-      return cerr_term;
-    }
-#elif defined(OS_WIN)
-    if (osbuf == cout.rdbuf()) {
-      static const bool cout_term = (_isatty(_fileno(stdout)) || isMsysPty(_fileno(stdout)));
-      return cout_term;
-    } else if (osbuf == cerr.rdbuf() || osbuf == clog.rdbuf()) {
-      static const bool cerr_term = (_isatty(_fileno(stderr)) || isMsysPty(_fileno(stderr)));
-      return cerr_term;
-    }
-#endif
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  template <typename T>
-  using enableStd = typename std::enable_if<
-      std::is_same<T, rang::style>::value || std::is_same<T, rang::fg>::value ||
-          std::is_same<T, rang::bg>::value || std::is_same<T, rang::fgB>::value ||
-          std::is_same<T, rang::bgB>::value,
-      std::ostream&>::type;
-
-#ifdef OS_WIN
-
-  struct SGR {          // Select Graphic Rendition parameters for Windows console
-    BYTE    fgColor;    // foreground color (0-15) lower 3 rgb bits + intense bit
-    BYTE    bgColor;    // background color (0-15) lower 3 rgb bits + intense bit
-    BYTE    bold;       // emulated as FOREGROUND_INTENSITY bit
-    BYTE    underline;  // emulated as BACKGROUND_INTENSITY bit
-    BOOLEAN inverse;    // swap foreground/bold & background/underline
-    BOOLEAN conceal;    // set foreground/bold to background/underline
-  };
-
-  enum class AttrColor : BYTE {  // Color attributes for console screen buffer
-    black   = 0,
-    red     = 4,
-    green   = 2,
-    yellow  = 6,
-    blue    = 1,
-    magenta = 5,
-    cyan    = 3,
-    gray    = 7
-  };
-
-  inline HANDLE getConsoleHandle(const std::streambuf* osbuf) noexcept {
-    if (osbuf == std::cout.rdbuf()) {
-      static const HANDLE hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
-      return hStdout;
-    } else if (osbuf == std::cerr.rdbuf() || osbuf == std::clog.rdbuf()) {
-      static const HANDLE hStderr = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
-      return hStderr;
-    }
-    return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-  }
-
-  inline bool setWinTermAnsiColors(const std::streambuf* osbuf) noexcept {
-    HANDLE h = getConsoleHandle(osbuf);
-    if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    DWORD dwMode = 0;
-    if (!GetConsoleMode(h, &dwMode)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    dwMode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
-    if (!SetConsoleMode(h, dwMode)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  inline bool supportsAnsi(const std::streambuf* osbuf) noexcept {
-    using std::cerr;
-    using std::clog;
-    using std::cout;
-    if (osbuf == cout.rdbuf()) {
-      static const bool cout_ansi = (isMsysPty(_fileno(stdout)) || setWinTermAnsiColors(osbuf));
-      return cout_ansi;
-    } else if (osbuf == cerr.rdbuf() || osbuf == clog.rdbuf()) {
-      static const bool cerr_ansi = (isMsysPty(_fileno(stderr)) || setWinTermAnsiColors(osbuf));
-      return cerr_ansi;
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  inline const SGR& defaultState() noexcept {
-    static const SGR defaultSgr = []() -> SGR {
-      CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO info;
-      WORD                       attrib = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE;
-      if (GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &info) ||
-          GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE), &info)) {
-        attrib = info.wAttributes;
-      }
-      SGR sgr     = {0, 0, 0, 0, FALSE, FALSE};
-      sgr.fgColor = attrib & 0x0F;
-      sgr.bgColor = (attrib & 0xF0) >> 4;
-      return sgr;
-    }();
-    return defaultSgr;
-  }
-
-  inline BYTE ansi2attr(BYTE rgb) noexcept {
-    static const AttrColor rev[8] = {AttrColor::black,  AttrColor::red,  AttrColor::green,
-                                     AttrColor::yellow, AttrColor::blue, AttrColor::magenta,
-                                     AttrColor::cyan,   AttrColor::gray};
-    return static_cast<BYTE>(rev[rgb]);
-  }
-
-  inline void setWinSGR(rang::bg col, SGR& state) noexcept {
-    if (col != rang::bg::reset) {
-      state.bgColor = ansi2attr(static_cast<BYTE>(col) - 40);
-    } else {
-      state.bgColor = defaultState().bgColor;
-    }
-  }
-
-  inline void setWinSGR(rang::fg col, SGR& state) noexcept {
-    if (col != rang::fg::reset) {
-      state.fgColor = ansi2attr(static_cast<BYTE>(col) - 30);
-    } else {
-      state.fgColor = defaultState().fgColor;
-    }
-  }
-
-  inline void setWinSGR(rang::bgB col, SGR& state) noexcept {
-    state.bgColor = (BACKGROUND_INTENSITY >> 4) | ansi2attr(static_cast<BYTE>(col) - 100);
-  }
-
-  inline void setWinSGR(rang::fgB col, SGR& state) noexcept {
-    state.fgColor = FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | ansi2attr(static_cast<BYTE>(col) - 90);
-  }
-
-  inline void setWinSGR(rang::style style, SGR& state) noexcept {
-    switch (style) {
-      case rang::style::reset:
-        state = defaultState();
-        break;
-      case rang::style::bold:
-        state.bold = FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
-        break;
-      case rang::style::underline:
-      case rang::style::blink:
-        state.underline = BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
-        break;
-      case rang::style::reversed:
-        state.inverse = TRUE;
-        break;
-      case rang::style::conceal:
-        state.conceal = TRUE;
-        break;
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  inline SGR& current_state() noexcept {
-    static SGR state = defaultState();
-    return state;
-  }
-
-  inline WORD SGR2Attr(const SGR& state) noexcept {
-    WORD attrib = 0;
-    if (state.conceal) {
-      if (state.inverse) {
-        attrib = (state.fgColor << 4) | state.fgColor;
-        if (state.bold) attrib |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
-      } else {
-        attrib = (state.bgColor << 4) | state.bgColor;
-        if (state.underline) attrib |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
-      }
-    } else if (state.inverse) {
-      attrib = (state.fgColor << 4) | state.bgColor;
-      if (state.bold) attrib |= BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
-      if (state.underline) attrib |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
-    } else {
-      attrib = state.fgColor | (state.bgColor << 4) | state.bold | state.underline;
-    }
-    return attrib;
-  }
-
-  template <typename T>
-  inline void setWinColorAnsi(std::ostream& os, T const value) {
-    os << "\033[" << static_cast<int>(value) << "m";
-  }
-
-  template <typename T>
-  inline void setWinColorNative(std::ostream& os, T const value) {
-    const HANDLE h = getConsoleHandle(os.rdbuf());
-    if (h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-      setWinSGR(value, current_state());
-      // Out all buffered text to console with previous settings:
-      os.flush();
-      SetConsoleTextAttribute(h, SGR2Attr(current_state()));
-    }
-  }
-
-  template <typename T>
-  inline enableStd<T> setColor(std::ostream& os, T const value) {
-    if (winTermMode() == winTerm::Auto) {
-      if (supportsAnsi(os.rdbuf())) {
-        setWinColorAnsi(os, value);
-      } else {
-        setWinColorNative(os, value);
-      }
-    } else if (winTermMode() == winTerm::Ansi) {
-      setWinColorAnsi(os, value);
-    } else {
-      setWinColorNative(os, value);
-    }
-    return os;
-  }
-#else
-  template <typename T>
-  inline enableStd<T> setColor(std::ostream& os, T const value) {
-    return os << "\033[" << static_cast<int>(value) << "m";
-  }
-#endif
-}  // namespace rang_implementation
-
-template <typename T>
-inline rang_implementation::enableStd<T> operator<<(std::ostream& os, const T value) {
-  const control option = rang_implementation::controlMode();
-  switch (option) {
-    case control::Auto:
-      return rang_implementation::supportsColor() && rang_implementation::isTerminal(os.rdbuf())
-                 ? rang_implementation::setColor(os, value)
-                 : os;
-    case control::Force:
-      return rang_implementation::setColor(os, value);
-    default:
-      return os;
-  }
-}
-
-inline void setWinTermMode(const rang::winTerm value) noexcept {
-  rang_implementation::winTermMode() = value;
-}
-
-inline void setControlMode(const control value) noexcept {
-  rang_implementation::controlMode() = value;
-}
-
-}  // namespace rang
-
-#undef OS_LINUX
-#undef OS_WIN
-#undef OS_MAC
-
-#endif /* ifndef RANG_DOT_HPP */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/dist/.keep b/tools/dist/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/tools/fsck.hefs.cc b/tools/fsck.hefs.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3837b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/fsck.hefs.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <tools/libmkfs/hefs.h>
+#include <tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fstream>
+
+static uint16_t      kNumericalBase = 10;
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  if (argc < 2) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: usage: fsck.hefs -i=<input_device>"
+                        << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  auto args = mkfs::detail::build_args(argc, argv);
+
+  auto opt_disk = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-i");
+
+  auto origin = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-o");
+
+  if (opt_disk.empty()) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: error: HeFS is empty! Exiting..."
+                        << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  auto out_origin = 0L;
+
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(origin, out_origin, kNumericalBase)) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -o <dec> argument.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  std::ifstream output_device(opt_disk, std::ios::binary);
+
+  if (!output_device.good()) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Unable to open output device: " << opt_disk << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  output_device.seekg(out_origin);
+
+  if (!output_device.good()) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Failed seek to origin.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  mkfs::hefs::BootNode boot_node;
+
+  std::memset(&boot_node, 0, sizeof(boot_node));
+  
+  output_device.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&boot_node), sizeof(boot_node));
+
+  if (strncmp(boot_node.magic, kHeFSMagic, kHeFSMagicLen) != 0 || boot_node.sectorCount < 1 ||
+      boot_node.sectorSize < kMkFsSectorSz) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Device is not an HeFS disk: " << opt_disk << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  if (boot_node.badSectors > kMkFsMaxBadSectors) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: HeFS disk has too much bad sectors: " << opt_disk << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: HeFS partition is is healthy, exiting...\n";
+
+  output_device.close();
+
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/fsck.hefs.json b/tools/fsck.hefs.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6ff4b0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/fsck.hefs.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+    "compiler_path": "g++",
+    "compiler_std": "c++20",
+    "headers_path": [
+        "../"
+    ],
+    "sources_path": [
+        "fsck.hefs.cc"
+    ],
+    "output_name": "./dist/fsck.hefs",
+    "cpp_macros": [
+        "kFSCKHEFSVersion=0x0100",
+        "kFSCKHEFSVersionHighest=0x0100",
+        "kFSCKHEFSVersionLowest=0x0100"
+    ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/libmkfs/hefs.h b/tools/libmkfs/hefs.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52bb3086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/libmkfs/hefs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#define kHeFSVersion (0x0101)
+#define kHeFSMagic "  HeFS"
+#define kHeFSMagicLen (8)
+
+#define kHeFSFileNameLen (256U)
+#define kHeFSPartNameLen (128U)
+
+#define kHeFSDefaultVolumeName u8"HeFS Volume"
+
+namespace mkfs::hefs {
+
+// Drive kinds
+enum {
+  kHeFSHardDrive         = 0xC0,  // Hard Drive
+  kHeFSSolidStateDrive   = 0xC1,  // Solid State Drive
+  kHeFSOpticalDrive      = 0x0C,  // Blu-Ray/DVD
+  kHeFSMassStorageDevice = 0xCC,  // USB
+  kHeFSScsiDrive         = 0xC4,  // SCSI Hard Drive
+  kHeFSFlashDrive        = 0xC6,
+  kHeFSUnknown           = 0xFF,  // Unknown device.
+  kHeFSDriveCount        = 8,
+};
+
+// Disk status
+enum {
+  kHeFSStatusUnlocked = 0x18,
+  kHeFSStatusLocked,
+  kHeFSStatusError,
+  kHeFSStatusInvalid,
+  kHeFSStatusCount,
+};
+
+// Encodings
+enum {
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8 = 0x50,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF16,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF32,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF16BE,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF16LE,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF32BE,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF32LE,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8BE,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8LE,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsBinary,
+  kHeFSEncodingFlagsCount = 11,
+  kHeFSFlagsNone          = 0,
+  kHeFSFlagsReadOnly      = 0x100,
+  kHeFSFlagsHidden,
+  kHeFSFlagsSystem,
+  kHeFSFlagsArchive,
+  kHeFSFlagsDevice,
+  kHeFSFlagsCount = 7
+};
+
+// Time type
+using ATime = std::uint64_t;
+
+// File kinds
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindRegular      = 0x00;
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindDirectory    = 0x01;
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindBlock        = 0x02;
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindCharacter    = 0x03;
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindFIFO         = 0x04;
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindSocket       = 0x05;
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindSymbolicLink = 0x06;
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindUnknown      = 0x07;
+inline constexpr uint16_t kHeFSFileKindCount        = 0x08;
+
+// Red-black tree colors
+enum {
+  kHeFSInvalidColor = 0,
+  kHeFSRed          = 100,
+  kHeFSBlack,
+  kHeFSColorCount,
+};
+
+// Time constants
+inline constexpr ATime kHeFSTimeInvalid = 0x0000000000000000;
+inline constexpr ATime kHeFSTimeMax     = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF - 1;
+
+// Boot Node
+struct __attribute__((packed)) BootNode {
+  char          magic[kHeFSMagicLen]{};
+  char8_t       volumeName[kHeFSPartNameLen]{};
+  std::uint32_t version{};
+  std::uint64_t badSectors{};
+  std::uint64_t sectorCount{};
+  std::uint64_t sectorSize{};
+  std::uint32_t checksum{};
+  std::uint8_t  diskKind{};
+  std::uint8_t  encoding{};
+  std::uint64_t startIND{};
+  std::uint64_t endIND{};
+  std::uint64_t indCount{};
+  std::uint64_t diskSize{};
+  std::uint16_t diskStatus{};
+  std::uint16_t diskFlags{};
+  std::uint16_t vid{};
+  std::uint64_t startIN{};
+  std::uint64_t endIN{};
+  std::uint64_t startBlock{};
+  std::uint64_t endBlock{};
+  char          pad[272]{};
+};
+}  // namespace mkfs::hefs
diff --git a/tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h b/tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e729c29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <tools/rang.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#define kMkFsSectorSz (512U)
+#define kMkFsMaxBadSectors (128U)
+
+/// @internal
+namespace mkfs {
+
+namespace detail {
+  /// @internal
+  /// @brief GB‐to‐byte conversion (use multiplication, not XOR).
+  inline constexpr size_t gib_cast(uint32_t gb) {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(gb) * 1024ULL * 1024ULL * 1024ULL;
+  }
+
+  inline bool parse_decimal(const std::string& opt, unsigned long long& out) {
+    if (opt.empty()) return false;
+    char*              endptr = nullptr;
+    unsigned long long val    = std::strtoull(opt.c_str(), &endptr, 10);
+    if (endptr == opt.c_str() || *endptr != '\0') return false;
+    out = val;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline bool parse_signed(const std::string& opt, long& out, int base = 10) {
+    out = 0L;
+    
+    if (opt.empty()) return true;
+
+    char* endptr = nullptr;
+    long  val    = std::strtol(opt.c_str(), &endptr, base);
+    auto err = errno;
+    
+    if (err == ERANGE || err == EINVAL) return false;
+    if (endptr == opt.c_str() || *endptr != '\0') return false;
+
+    out = val;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline std::string build_args(int argc, char** argv) {
+    std::string combined;
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+      combined += argv[i];
+      combined += ' ';
+    }
+    return combined;
+  }
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/// @brief Helper function to get the option value from command line arguments.
+template <typename CharType>
+inline std::basic_string<CharType> get_option(const std::basic_string<CharType>& args,
+                                              const std::basic_string<CharType>& option) {
+  size_t pos = args.find(option + CharType('='));
+
+  if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+    size_t start = pos + option.length() + 1;
+    size_t end   = args.find(' ', start);
+    return args.substr(start, end - start);
+  }
+
+  return std::basic_string<CharType>{};
+}
+
+inline auto console_out() -> std::ostream& {
+  std::ostream& conout = std::cout;
+  conout << rang::fg::red << "mkfs: " << rang::style::reset;
+
+  return conout;
+}
+}  // namespace mkfs
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/mk_app.py b/tools/mk_app.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f7cef17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/mk_app.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+import os
+import json
+import sys
+
+def create_directory_structure(base_path, project_name):
+    # Define the directory structure
+    structure = {
+        project_name: {
+            "dist": {
+                ".keep": None
+            },
+            "src": {
+                ".keep": None,
+                "CommandLine.cc": None,
+            },
+            "vendor": {
+                ".keep": None
+            },
+            ".keep": None,
+            f"{project_name}.json": {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    def create_structure(path, structure):
+        for name, content in structure.items():
+            current_path = os.path.join(path, name)
+            # Create directories or files based on the content type
+            if isinstance(content, dict) and current_path.endswith(".json") == False:
+                os.makedirs(current_path, exist_ok=True)
+                create_structure(current_path, content)
+            elif content is None:
+                # Create an empty file
+                with open(current_path, 'w') as f:
+                    pass
+
+    # Create the base directory
+    os.makedirs(base_path, exist_ok=True)
+    create_structure(base_path, structure)
+
+    # Create the JSON file
+    proj_json_path = os.path.join(base_path, project_name, f"{project_name}.json")
+
+    manifest = {
+        "compiler_path": "clang++",
+        "compiler_std": "c++20",
+        "headers_path": ["./", "../../../dev/kernel", "../../../public/frameworks/", "../../../dev/", "./"],
+        "sources_path": [
+            
+        ],
+        "output_name": f"./dist/{project_name}",
+        "cpp_macros": [
+            "kSampleFWVersion=0x0100",
+            "kSampleFWVersionHighest=0x0100",
+            "kSampleFWVersionLowest=0x0100",
+            "__NE_SDK__"
+        ]
+    }
+    
+    with open(proj_json_path, 'w') as json_file:
+        json.dump(manifest, json_file, indent=4)
+
+    proj_cpp_path = os.path.join(base_path, project_name, f"src/CommandLine.cc")
+
+    cpp_file = "#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>\n\nSInt32 _NeMain(SInt32 argc, Char* argv[]) {\n\treturn EXIT_FAILURE;\n}"
+
+    with open(proj_cpp_path, 'w') as cpp_file_io:
+        cpp_file_io.write(cpp_file)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        print("HELP: mk_app.py <project_name>")
+        sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
+
+    base_path = os.getcwd()  # Use the current working directory as the base path
+    create_directory_structure(base_path, sys.argv[1])
+    
+    print("INFO: Application created successfully.")
diff --git a/tools/mk_fwrk.py b/tools/mk_fwrk.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2ef99ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/mk_fwrk.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+import os
+import json
+import sys
+
+"""
+    Create directory structure for the framework.
+"""
+def create_directory_structure(base_path_fwrk, project_file_name, project_name):
+    # Define the directory structure
+    structure = {
+        project_name: {
+            "headers": {
+                ".keep": None
+            },
+            "dist": {
+                ".keep": None
+            },
+            "src": {
+                ".keep": None,
+                "DylibMain.cc": None,
+            },
+            "xml": {
+                ".keep": None
+            },
+            ".keep": None,
+            f"{project_file_name}.json": {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    def create_structure(path, structure_in):
+        for name, content in structure_in.items():
+            current_path = os.path.join(path, name)
+            # Create directories or files based on the content type
+            if isinstance(content, dict) and current_path.endswith(".json") == False:
+                os.makedirs(current_path, exist_ok=True)
+                create_structure(current_path, content)
+            elif content is None:
+                # Create an empty file
+                with open(current_path, 'w') as f:
+                    pass
+
+    # Create the base directory
+    os.makedirs(base_path_fwrk, exist_ok=True)
+    create_structure(base_path_fwrk, structure)
+
+    # Create the JSON file
+    proj_json_path = os.path.join(base_path_fwrk, project_name, f"{project_file_name}.json")
+
+    manifest = {
+        "compiler_path": "clang++",
+        "compiler_std": "c++20",
+        "headers_path": ["./", "../../../dev/kernel", "../../../public/frameworks/", "../../../dev/", "./"],
+        "sources_path": [
+
+        ],
+        "output_name": f"./dist/lib{project_name}.dylib",
+        "cpp_macros": [
+            "kSampleFWVersion=0x0100",
+            "kSampleFWVersionHighest=0x0100",
+            "kSampleFWVersionLowest=0x0100",
+            "__NE_SDK__"
+        ]
+    }
+
+    with open(proj_json_path, 'w') as json_file:
+        json.dump(manifest, json_file, indent=4)
+
+    proj_cpp_path = os.path.join(base_path_fwrk, project_name, f"src/DylibMain.cc")
+
+    cpp_file = "#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>\n\nSInt32 _DylibAttach(SInt32 argc, Char* argv[]) {\n\treturn EXIT_FAILURE;\n}"
+
+    with open(proj_cpp_path, 'w') as cpp_file_io:
+        cpp_file_io.write(cpp_file)
+
+    xml_blob = f"<PropertyList>\n<PLEntry Type=\"CFString\" Name=\"LibraryName\" Len=\"{len(project_name)}\" Value=\"{project_name}\" /></PropertyList>"
+    proj_xml_path = os.path.join(base_path_fwrk, project_name, f"xml/app.xml")
+
+    with open(proj_xml_path, 'w') as cpp_file_io:
+        cpp_file_io.write(xml_blob)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        print("HELP: mk_fwrk.py <project_name>")
+        sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
+
+    base_path = os.getcwd()  # Use the current working directory as the base path
+    create_directory_structure(base_path, sys.argv[1], sys.argv[1] + '.fwrk')
+
+    print("INFO: Framework created successfully.")
diff --git a/tools/mk_htman.py b/tools/mk_htman.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e865f7c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/mk_htman.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+import sys, os
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        print("INFO: mk_htman.py <manual_path>")
+        sys.exit(os.EX_CONFIG)
+
+    manual_path = sys.argv[1]
+    if not os.path.exists(manual_path):
+        print(f"ERROR: Manual path '{manual_path}' does not exist.")
+        sys.exit(os.EX_NOINPUT)
+
+    if os.path.isdir(manual_path):
+        print(f"ERROR: Manual path '{manual_path}' is a directory.")
+        sys.exit(os.EX_NOTDIR)
+
+    if not manual_path.endswith('.man'):
+        print(f"ERROR: Manual path '{manual_path}' must end with '.man'")
+        sys.exit(os.EX_DATAERR)
+
+    try:
+        with open(manual_path, 'r') as file:
+            content = file.read()
+            if not content.strip():
+                print(f"ERROR: Manual file '{manual_path}' is empty.")
+                sys.exit(os.EX_DATAERR)
+        html_content = f"<html><head><title>NeKernel Manual: {manual_path}</title></head><body><pre>{content}</pre></body></html>"
+
+        html_path = manual_path.replace('.man', '.html')
+        
+        with open(html_path, 'w') as html_file:
+            html_file.write(html_content)
+    except IOError as e:
+        print(f"ERROR: Could not read manual file '{manual_path}': {e}")
+        sys.exit(os.EX_IOERR)
+
+    print(f"INFO: Wrote manual '{manual_path}' to HTML.")
+    sys.exit(os.EX_OK)
diff --git a/tools/mk_img.py b/tools/mk_img.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0fa0609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/mk_img.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+import os
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import glob as file_glob
+
+def copy_to_fat(image_path, source_dir):
+    if not os.path.isfile(image_path):
+        print(f"Error: FAT32 image {image_path} does not exist.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if not os.path.isdir(source_dir):
+        print(f"Error: {source_dir} is not a valid directory.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    try:
+        files_to_copy = file_glob.glob(os.path.join(source_dir, "*"))
+
+        if not files_to_copy:
+            print(f"Warning: No files found in {source_dir}, nothing to copy.")
+            sys.exit(1)
+        
+        command = ["mcopy", "-spm", "-i", image_path] + files_to_copy + ["::"]
+        subprocess.run(command, check=True)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error: failed: {e}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if len(sys.argv) != 3:
+        print("HELP: mk_img.py <fat32_image> <source_directory>")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    image_path = sys.argv[1]
+    source_dir = sys.argv[2]
+
+    copy_to_fat(image_path, source_dir)
+
+    print("INFO: Image created successfully.")
diff --git a/tools/mkfs.hefs.cc b/tools/mkfs.hefs.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf790598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/mkfs.hefs.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <tools/libmkfs/hefs.h>
+#include <tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <limits>
+
+static size_t        kDiskSize = mkfs::detail::gib_cast(4UL);
+static uint16_t      kVersion  = kHeFSVersion;
+static std::u8string kLabel;
+static size_t        kSectorSize = 512;
+static uint16_t      kNumericalBase = 10;
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  if (argc < 2) {
+    mkfs::console_out()
+        << "hefs: usage: mkfs.hefs -L=<label> -s=<sector_size> -b=<ind_start> -e=<ind_end> "
+           "-bs=<block_start> -be=<block_end> -is=<in_start> -ie=<in_end> "
+           "-S=<disk_size_GB> -o=<output_device>\n";
+
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  std::string args = mkfs::detail::build_args(argc, argv);
+
+  auto output_path = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-o");
+  if (output_path.empty()) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Missing -o <output_device> argument.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  auto opt_s    = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-s");
+  long parsed_s = 0;
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_s, parsed_s, kNumericalBase) || parsed_s == 0) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid sector size \"" << opt_s
+                        << "\". Must be a positive integer.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  if ((parsed_s & (parsed_s - 1)) != 0) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Sector size \"" << parsed_s
+                        << "\" is not a power of two.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  kSectorSize = static_cast<size_t>(parsed_s);
+
+  auto opt_L = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-L");
+  if (!opt_L.empty()) {
+    kLabel.clear();
+    for (char c : opt_L) kLabel.push_back(static_cast<char8_t>(c));
+  } else {
+    kLabel.clear();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kHeFSPartNameLen && kHeFSDefaultVolumeName[i] != u'\0'; ++i) {
+      kLabel.push_back(static_cast<char8_t>(kHeFSDefaultVolumeName[i]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto               opt_S = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-S");
+  unsigned long long gb    = 0;
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_decimal(opt_S, gb) || gb == 0ULL) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid disk size \"" << opt_S
+                        << "\". Must be a positive integer.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  unsigned long long max_gb = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() / (1024ULL * 1024ULL * 1024ULL);
+  if (gb > max_gb) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Disk size \"" << gb << "GB\" is too large.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  kDiskSize = static_cast<size_t>(gb * 1024ULL * 1024ULL * 1024ULL);
+
+  auto opt_b  = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-b");
+  auto opt_e  = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-e");
+  auto opt_bs = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-bs");
+  auto opt_be = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-be");
+  auto opt_is = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-is");
+  auto opt_ie = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-ie");
+
+  long start_ind = 0, end_ind = 0;
+  long start_block = 0, end_block = 0;
+  long start_in = 0, end_in = 0;
+
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_b, start_ind, kNumericalBase)) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -b <dec> argument.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_e, end_ind, kNumericalBase) || end_ind <= start_ind) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid or out-of-range -e <dec> argument.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_bs, start_block, kNumericalBase)) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -bs <dec> argument.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_be, end_block, kNumericalBase) || end_block <= start_block) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid or out-of-range -be <dec> argument.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_is, start_in, kNumericalBase)) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -is <dec> argument.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_ie, end_in, kNumericalBase) || end_in <= start_in) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid or out-of-range -ie <dec> argument.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  if (static_cast<size_t>(end_block) * kSectorSize > kDiskSize ||
+      static_cast<size_t>(end_ind) > kDiskSize || static_cast<size_t>(end_in) > kDiskSize) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: One or more ranges exceed disk size.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  std::ofstream output_device(output_path, std::ios::binary);
+
+  if (!output_device.good()) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Unable to open output device: " << output_path << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  mkfs::hefs::BootNode boot_node;
+  std::memset(&boot_node, 0, sizeof(boot_node));
+
+  boot_node.version    = kVersion;
+  boot_node.diskKind   = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSHardDrive;
+  boot_node.encoding   = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8;
+  boot_node.diskSize   = kDiskSize;
+  boot_node.sectorSize = kSectorSize;
+  boot_node.sectorCount = kDiskSize / kSectorSize;
+  boot_node.startIND   = static_cast<size_t>(start_ind) + sizeof(mkfs::hefs::BootNode);
+  boot_node.endIND     = static_cast<size_t>(end_ind);
+  boot_node.startIN    = static_cast<size_t>(start_in);
+  boot_node.endIN      = static_cast<size_t>(end_in);
+  boot_node.startBlock = static_cast<size_t>(start_block);
+  boot_node.endBlock   = static_cast<size_t>(end_block);
+  boot_node.indCount   = 0UL;
+  boot_node.diskStatus = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSStatusUnlocked;
+
+  static_assert(sizeof(boot_node.magic) >= kHeFSMagicLen,
+                "BootNode::magic too small to hold kHeFSMagicLen");
+                
+  std::memset(boot_node.magic, 0, sizeof(boot_node.magic));
+  size_t magic_copy =
+      (sizeof(boot_node.magic) < kHeFSMagicLen - 1) ? sizeof(boot_node.magic) : (kHeFSMagicLen - 1);
+  std::memcpy(boot_node.magic, kHeFSMagic, magic_copy);
+  boot_node.magic[magic_copy] = 0;
+
+  constexpr size_t vol_slots = kHeFSPartNameLen;
+  
+  std::memset(boot_node.volumeName, 0, sizeof(boot_node.volumeName));
+  
+  size_t label_units = std::min(kLabel.size(), vol_slots - 1);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < label_units; ++i) {
+    boot_node.volumeName[i] = static_cast<char8_t>(kLabel[i]);
+  }
+  
+  boot_node.volumeName[label_units] = 0U;
+
+  output_device.seekp(static_cast<std::streamoff>(start_ind));
+  if (!output_device.good()) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Failed seek to index start.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  output_device.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&boot_node), sizeof(boot_node));
+  if (!output_device.good()) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Unable to write BootNode to output device: " << output_path
+                        << "\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  output_device.seekp(static_cast<std::streamoff>(boot_node.startIND));
+  if (!output_device.good()) {
+    mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Failed seek to startIND.\n";
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  output_device.flush();
+  output_device.close();
+
+  mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: info: Wrote filesystem to output device: " << output_path << "\n";
+
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/tools/mkfs.hefs.json b/tools/mkfs.hefs.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d29b7f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/mkfs.hefs.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+    "compiler_path": "g++",
+    "compiler_std": "c++20",
+    "headers_path": [
+        "../"
+    ],
+    "sources_path": [
+        "mkfs.hefs.cc"
+    ],
+    "output_name": "./dist/mkfs.hefs",
+    "cpp_macros": [
+        "kMKFSHEFSVersion=0x0100",
+        "kMKFSHEFSVersionHighest=0x0100",
+        "kMKFSHEFSVersionLowest=0x0100"
+    ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/rang.h b/tools/rang.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d1c68ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/rang.h
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+#ifndef RANG_DOT_HPP
+#define RANG_DOT_HPP
+
+#if defined(__unix__) || defined(__unix) || defined(__linux__)
+#define OS_LINUX
+#elif defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
+#define OS_WIN
+#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__)
+#define OS_MAC
+#else
+#error Unknown Platform
+#endif
+
+#if defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_MAC)
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#elif defined(OS_WIN)
+
+#if defined(_WIN32_WINNT) && (_WIN32_WINNT < 0x0600)
+#error \
+    "Please include rang.hpp before any windows system headers or set _WIN32_WINNT at least to _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA"
+#elif !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
+#define _WIN32_WINNT _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA
+#endif
+
+#include <io.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+// Only defined in windows 10 onwards, redefining in lower windows since it
+// doesn't gets used in lower versions
+// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/getconsolemode
+#ifndef ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING
+#define ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING 0x0004
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace rang {
+
+/* For better compability with most of terminals do not use any style settings
+ * except of reset, bold and reversed.
+ * Note that on Windows terminals bold style is same as fgB color.
+ */
+enum class style {
+  reset     = 0,
+  bold      = 1,
+  dim       = 2,
+  italic    = 3,
+  underline = 4,
+  blink     = 5,
+  rblink    = 6,
+  reversed  = 7,
+  conceal   = 8,
+  crossed   = 9
+};
+
+enum class fg {
+  black   = 30,
+  red     = 31,
+  green   = 32,
+  yellow  = 33,
+  blue    = 34,
+  magenta = 35,
+  cyan    = 36,
+  gray    = 37,
+  reset   = 39
+};
+
+enum class bg {
+  black   = 40,
+  red     = 41,
+  green   = 42,
+  yellow  = 43,
+  blue    = 44,
+  magenta = 45,
+  cyan    = 46,
+  gray    = 47,
+  reset   = 49
+};
+
+enum class fgB {
+  black   = 90,
+  red     = 91,
+  green   = 92,
+  yellow  = 93,
+  blue    = 94,
+  magenta = 95,
+  cyan    = 96,
+  gray    = 97
+};
+
+enum class bgB {
+  black   = 100,
+  red     = 101,
+  green   = 102,
+  yellow  = 103,
+  blue    = 104,
+  magenta = 105,
+  cyan    = 106,
+  gray    = 107
+};
+
+enum class control {  // Behaviour of rang function calls
+  Off   = 0,          // toggle off rang style/color calls
+  Auto  = 1,          // (Default) autodect terminal and colorize if needed
+  Force = 2           // force ansi color output to non terminal streams
+};
+// Use rang::setControlMode to set rang control mode
+
+enum class winTerm {  // Windows Terminal Mode
+  Auto   = 0,         // (Default) automatically detects wheter Ansi or Native API
+  Ansi   = 1,         // Force use Ansi API
+  Native = 2          // Force use Native API
+};
+// Use rang::setWinTermMode to explicitly set terminal API for Windows
+// Calling rang::setWinTermMode have no effect on other OS
+
+namespace rang_implementation {
+
+  inline std::atomic<control>& controlMode() noexcept {
+    static std::atomic<control> value(control::Auto);
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  inline std::atomic<winTerm>& winTermMode() noexcept {
+    static std::atomic<winTerm> termMode(winTerm::Auto);
+    return termMode;
+  }
+
+  inline bool supportsColor() noexcept {
+#if defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_MAC)
+
+    static const bool result = [] {
+      const char* Terms[] = {"ansi",  "color", "console", "cygwin", "gnome",  "konsole", "kterm",
+                             "linux", "msys",  "putty",   "rxvt",   "screen", "vt100",   "xterm"};
+
+      const char* env_p = std::getenv("TERM");
+      if (env_p == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return std::any_of(std::begin(Terms), std::end(Terms),
+                         [&](const char* term) { return std::strstr(env_p, term) != nullptr; });
+    }();
+
+#elif defined(OS_WIN)
+    // All windows versions support colors through native console methods
+    static constexpr bool result = true;
+#endif
+    return result;
+  }
+
+#ifdef OS_WIN
+
+  inline bool isMsysPty(int fd) noexcept {
+    // Dynamic load for binary compability with old Windows
+    const auto ptrGetFileInformationByHandleEx =
+        reinterpret_cast<decltype(&GetFileInformationByHandleEx)>(
+            GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32.dll")), "GetFileInformationByHandleEx"));
+    if (!ptrGetFileInformationByHandleEx) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    HANDLE h = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(_get_osfhandle(fd));
+    if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check that it's a pipe:
+    if (GetFileType(h) != FILE_TYPE_PIPE) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // POD type is binary compatible with FILE_NAME_INFO from WinBase.h
+    // It have the same alignment and used to avoid UB in caller code
+    struct MY_FILE_NAME_INFO {
+      DWORD FileNameLength;
+      WCHAR FileName[MAX_PATH];
+    };
+
+    auto pNameInfo = std::unique_ptr<MY_FILE_NAME_INFO>(new (std::nothrow) MY_FILE_NAME_INFO());
+    if (!pNameInfo) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check pipe name is template of
+    // {"cygwin-","msys-"}XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX-ptyX-XX
+    if (!ptrGetFileInformationByHandleEx(h, FileNameInfo, pNameInfo.get(),
+                                         sizeof(MY_FILE_NAME_INFO))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::wstring name(pNameInfo->FileName, pNameInfo->FileNameLength / sizeof(WCHAR));
+    if ((name.find(L"msys-") == std::wstring::npos &&
+         name.find(L"cygwin-") == std::wstring::npos) ||
+        name.find(L"-pty") == std::wstring::npos) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+#endif
+
+  inline bool isTerminal(const std::streambuf* osbuf) noexcept {
+    using std::cerr;
+    using std::clog;
+    using std::cout;
+#if defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_MAC)
+    if (osbuf == cout.rdbuf()) {
+      static const bool cout_term = isatty(fileno(stdout)) != 0;
+      return cout_term;
+    } else if (osbuf == cerr.rdbuf() || osbuf == clog.rdbuf()) {
+      static const bool cerr_term = isatty(fileno(stderr)) != 0;
+      return cerr_term;
+    }
+#elif defined(OS_WIN)
+    if (osbuf == cout.rdbuf()) {
+      static const bool cout_term = (_isatty(_fileno(stdout)) || isMsysPty(_fileno(stdout)));
+      return cout_term;
+    } else if (osbuf == cerr.rdbuf() || osbuf == clog.rdbuf()) {
+      static const bool cerr_term = (_isatty(_fileno(stderr)) || isMsysPty(_fileno(stderr)));
+      return cerr_term;
+    }
+#endif
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  using enableStd = typename std::enable_if<
+      std::is_same<T, rang::style>::value || std::is_same<T, rang::fg>::value ||
+          std::is_same<T, rang::bg>::value || std::is_same<T, rang::fgB>::value ||
+          std::is_same<T, rang::bgB>::value,
+      std::ostream&>::type;
+
+#ifdef OS_WIN
+
+  struct SGR {          // Select Graphic Rendition parameters for Windows console
+    BYTE    fgColor;    // foreground color (0-15) lower 3 rgb bits + intense bit
+    BYTE    bgColor;    // background color (0-15) lower 3 rgb bits + intense bit
+    BYTE    bold;       // emulated as FOREGROUND_INTENSITY bit
+    BYTE    underline;  // emulated as BACKGROUND_INTENSITY bit
+    BOOLEAN inverse;    // swap foreground/bold & background/underline
+    BOOLEAN conceal;    // set foreground/bold to background/underline
+  };
+
+  enum class AttrColor : BYTE {  // Color attributes for console screen buffer
+    black   = 0,
+    red     = 4,
+    green   = 2,
+    yellow  = 6,
+    blue    = 1,
+    magenta = 5,
+    cyan    = 3,
+    gray    = 7
+  };
+
+  inline HANDLE getConsoleHandle(const std::streambuf* osbuf) noexcept {
+    if (osbuf == std::cout.rdbuf()) {
+      static const HANDLE hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+      return hStdout;
+    } else if (osbuf == std::cerr.rdbuf() || osbuf == std::clog.rdbuf()) {
+      static const HANDLE hStderr = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
+      return hStderr;
+    }
+    return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  inline bool setWinTermAnsiColors(const std::streambuf* osbuf) noexcept {
+    HANDLE h = getConsoleHandle(osbuf);
+    if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    DWORD dwMode = 0;
+    if (!GetConsoleMode(h, &dwMode)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    dwMode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
+    if (!SetConsoleMode(h, dwMode)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline bool supportsAnsi(const std::streambuf* osbuf) noexcept {
+    using std::cerr;
+    using std::clog;
+    using std::cout;
+    if (osbuf == cout.rdbuf()) {
+      static const bool cout_ansi = (isMsysPty(_fileno(stdout)) || setWinTermAnsiColors(osbuf));
+      return cout_ansi;
+    } else if (osbuf == cerr.rdbuf() || osbuf == clog.rdbuf()) {
+      static const bool cerr_ansi = (isMsysPty(_fileno(stderr)) || setWinTermAnsiColors(osbuf));
+      return cerr_ansi;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  inline const SGR& defaultState() noexcept {
+    static const SGR defaultSgr = []() -> SGR {
+      CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO info;
+      WORD                       attrib = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+      if (GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &info) ||
+          GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE), &info)) {
+        attrib = info.wAttributes;
+      }
+      SGR sgr     = {0, 0, 0, 0, FALSE, FALSE};
+      sgr.fgColor = attrib & 0x0F;
+      sgr.bgColor = (attrib & 0xF0) >> 4;
+      return sgr;
+    }();
+    return defaultSgr;
+  }
+
+  inline BYTE ansi2attr(BYTE rgb) noexcept {
+    static const AttrColor rev[8] = {AttrColor::black,  AttrColor::red,  AttrColor::green,
+                                     AttrColor::yellow, AttrColor::blue, AttrColor::magenta,
+                                     AttrColor::cyan,   AttrColor::gray};
+    return static_cast<BYTE>(rev[rgb]);
+  }
+
+  inline void setWinSGR(rang::bg col, SGR& state) noexcept {
+    if (col != rang::bg::reset) {
+      state.bgColor = ansi2attr(static_cast<BYTE>(col) - 40);
+    } else {
+      state.bgColor = defaultState().bgColor;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void setWinSGR(rang::fg col, SGR& state) noexcept {
+    if (col != rang::fg::reset) {
+      state.fgColor = ansi2attr(static_cast<BYTE>(col) - 30);
+    } else {
+      state.fgColor = defaultState().fgColor;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void setWinSGR(rang::bgB col, SGR& state) noexcept {
+    state.bgColor = (BACKGROUND_INTENSITY >> 4) | ansi2attr(static_cast<BYTE>(col) - 100);
+  }
+
+  inline void setWinSGR(rang::fgB col, SGR& state) noexcept {
+    state.fgColor = FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | ansi2attr(static_cast<BYTE>(col) - 90);
+  }
+
+  inline void setWinSGR(rang::style style, SGR& state) noexcept {
+    switch (style) {
+      case rang::style::reset:
+        state = defaultState();
+        break;
+      case rang::style::bold:
+        state.bold = FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+        break;
+      case rang::style::underline:
+      case rang::style::blink:
+        state.underline = BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+        break;
+      case rang::style::reversed:
+        state.inverse = TRUE;
+        break;
+      case rang::style::conceal:
+        state.conceal = TRUE;
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline SGR& current_state() noexcept {
+    static SGR state = defaultState();
+    return state;
+  }
+
+  inline WORD SGR2Attr(const SGR& state) noexcept {
+    WORD attrib = 0;
+    if (state.conceal) {
+      if (state.inverse) {
+        attrib = (state.fgColor << 4) | state.fgColor;
+        if (state.bold) attrib |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+      } else {
+        attrib = (state.bgColor << 4) | state.bgColor;
+        if (state.underline) attrib |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+      }
+    } else if (state.inverse) {
+      attrib = (state.fgColor << 4) | state.bgColor;
+      if (state.bold) attrib |= BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+      if (state.underline) attrib |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+    } else {
+      attrib = state.fgColor | (state.bgColor << 4) | state.bold | state.underline;
+    }
+    return attrib;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  inline void setWinColorAnsi(std::ostream& os, T const value) {
+    os << "\033[" << static_cast<int>(value) << "m";
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  inline void setWinColorNative(std::ostream& os, T const value) {
+    const HANDLE h = getConsoleHandle(os.rdbuf());
+    if (h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+      setWinSGR(value, current_state());
+      // Out all buffered text to console with previous settings:
+      os.flush();
+      SetConsoleTextAttribute(h, SGR2Attr(current_state()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  inline enableStd<T> setColor(std::ostream& os, T const value) {
+    if (winTermMode() == winTerm::Auto) {
+      if (supportsAnsi(os.rdbuf())) {
+        setWinColorAnsi(os, value);
+      } else {
+        setWinColorNative(os, value);
+      }
+    } else if (winTermMode() == winTerm::Ansi) {
+      setWinColorAnsi(os, value);
+    } else {
+      setWinColorNative(os, value);
+    }
+    return os;
+  }
+#else
+  template <typename T>
+  inline enableStd<T> setColor(std::ostream& os, T const value) {
+    return os << "\033[" << static_cast<int>(value) << "m";
+  }
+#endif
+}  // namespace rang_implementation
+
+template <typename T>
+inline rang_implementation::enableStd<T> operator<<(std::ostream& os, const T value) {
+  const control option = rang_implementation::controlMode();
+  switch (option) {
+    case control::Auto:
+      return rang_implementation::supportsColor() && rang_implementation::isTerminal(os.rdbuf())
+                 ? rang_implementation::setColor(os, value)
+                 : os;
+    case control::Force:
+      return rang_implementation::setColor(os, value);
+    default:
+      return os;
+  }
+}
+
+inline void setWinTermMode(const rang::winTerm value) noexcept {
+  rang_implementation::winTermMode() = value;
+}
+
+inline void setControlMode(const control value) noexcept {
+  rang_implementation::controlMode() = value;
+}
+
+}  // namespace rang
+
+#undef OS_LINUX
+#undef OS_WIN
+#undef OS_MAC
+
+#endif /* ifndef RANG_DOT_HPP */
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7ada9006860084ba5d72b517649d1b2d51e4484a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 20:01:15 +0200
Subject: feat: warning fixes and Semaphore API patches.

what:

- The Semaphore API is being preppared for v0.0.4

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h                         |  16 +--
 dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc                |   4 +-
 dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc                  |  13 +-
 dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc             |   3 +-
 dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc                         |   3 +-
 dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h                            |   6 +-
 dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h                   | 134 +++++++++++++--------
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc |   2 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc |   3 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc           |   5 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h                   |   4 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc     |  10 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc     |  13 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc                  |   1 -
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc |   3 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc           |   3 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h                   |   4 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc |   3 +-
 dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc |   3 +-
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h        |   2 +-
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h                     |   1 -
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h     |   2 +-
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h         |   5 +-
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h             |   6 +-
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h                     |   2 +-
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h                   |   5 +-
 dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h                          |   2 +-
 dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h                          |   2 +-
 dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h                             |   2 +-
 dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc                       |   3 +-
 dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc                      |   2 +-
 dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc         |   6 +-
 dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc                |  16 ++-
 dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h                   |   2 +-
 dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h                         |  12 +-
 dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h                      |   2 +-
 dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h                   |   2 +-
 .../CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h           |   6 +-
 .../frameworks/DiskImage.fwrk/src/DiskImage+EPM.cc |   2 +-
 .../KernelTest.fwrk/headers/KernelTest.h           |  20 +--
 public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/src/UnitTests.cc |  14 +--
 public/tools/diutil/vendor/Dialogs.h               |  41 +++----
 public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc            |   3 +-
 tools/fsck.hefs.cc                                 |  10 +-
 tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h                               |   8 +-
 tools/mkfs.hefs.cc                                 |  44 +++----
 46 files changed, 241 insertions(+), 214 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h b/dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
index 68e4b484..12a5861f 100644
--- a/dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
+++ b/dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
@@ -293,16 +293,16 @@ inline Boolean BDiskFormatFactory<BootDev>::Format(const Char* part_name) {
   CopyMem(gpt_part->Signature, reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(kMagicGPT)),
           StrLen(kMagicGPT));
 
-  gpt_part->Revision = 0x00010000;
+  gpt_part->Revision   = 0x00010000;
   gpt_part->HeaderSize = sizeof(GPT_PARTITION_TABLE);
 
   gpt_part->CRC32 = 0x00000000;
 
-  gpt_part->Reserved1 = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LBAHeader = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LBAAltHeader = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->Reserved1     = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LBAHeader     = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LBAAltHeader  = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->FirstGPTEntry = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LastGPTEntry = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LastGPTEntry  = 0x00000000;
 
   gpt_part->Guid.Data1 = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->Guid.Data2 = 0x0000;
@@ -312,10 +312,10 @@ inline Boolean BDiskFormatFactory<BootDev>::Format(const Char* part_name) {
 
   gpt_part->Revision = 0x00010000;
 
-  gpt_part->StartingLBA = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->StartingLBA         = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->NumPartitionEntries = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->SizeOfEntries = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->CRC32PartEntry = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->SizeOfEntries       = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->CRC32PartEntry      = 0x00000000;
 
   SetMem(gpt_part->Reserved2, 0, kSectorAlignGPT_PartTbl);
 
diff --git a/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc b/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
index 8236dd0d..d8ea5799 100644
--- a/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 #include <FirmwareKit/EFI/API.h>
 #include <modules/BootNet/BootNet.h>
 
-STATIC EFI_GUID kEfiSimpleProtoGUID              = EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID;
-STATIC EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* kEfiProtocol = nullptr;
+STATIC EFI_GUID                     kEfiSimpleProtoGUID = EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID;
+STATIC EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* kEfiProtocol        = nullptr;
 
 STATIC Void bootnet_read_ip_packet(BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER   inet,
                                    BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER** inet_out);
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc b/dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
index 25810222..e5e0d8c2 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ ATAInit_Retry:
   /// fetch serial info
   /// model, speed, number of sectors...
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT indexData = 0ul; indexData < kATADataLen; ++indexData) {
     kATAData[indexData] = rt_in16(IO + ATA_REG_DATA);
@@ -115,15 +114,14 @@ Void boot_ata_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, CharacterTypeASCII* Buf,
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_READ_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     boot_ata_wait_io(IO);
@@ -149,15 +147,14 @@ Void boot_ata_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, CharacterTypeASCII* Buf
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + (SectorSz)) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     boot_ata_wait_io(IO);
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc b/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
index 9dd03afe..683245fb 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
 using namespace Boot;
 
 EXTERN_C void rt_halt() {
-  while (Yes)
-    ;
+  while (Yes);
 }
 
 EXTERN_C void rt_cli() {}
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc b/dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
index d4d5dfed..f7ad2898 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 void* operator new(size_t sz) {
   void* buf = nullptr;
 
-  while (BS->AllocatePool(EfiMemoryType::EfiLoaderData, sz, &buf) != kEfiOk)
-    ;
+  while (BS->AllocatePool(EfiMemoryType::EfiLoaderData, sz, &buf) != kEfiOk);
 
   return buf;
 }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h b/dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h
index 845ef467..bb4e3dc0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ inline UInt32 hefs_hour_get(ATime raw_atime) noexcept {
 /// @return the minute value.
 /// @note The minute is stored in the lower 8 bits of the ATime value.
 inline UInt32 hefs_minute_get(ATime raw_atime) noexcept {
-  return (raw_atime) &0xFF;
+  return (raw_atime) & 0xFF;
 }
 
 inline constexpr UInt32 kHeFSBaseYear   = 1970;
@@ -379,10 +379,10 @@ class HeFileSystemParser final {
   ~HeFileSystemParser() = default;
 
  public:
-  HeFileSystemParser(const HeFileSystemParser&) = delete;
+  HeFileSystemParser(const HeFileSystemParser&)            = delete;
   HeFileSystemParser& operator=(const HeFileSystemParser&) = delete;
 
-  HeFileSystemParser(HeFileSystemParser&&) = delete;
+  HeFileSystemParser(HeFileSystemParser&&)            = delete;
   HeFileSystemParser& operator=(HeFileSystemParser&&) = delete;
 
  public:
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
index 97e3ad01..9b22f5b6 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ typedef Char16 EfiChar16Type;
 /// @brief Core Handle Kind
 /// Self is like NT's Win32 HANDLE type.
 typedef struct EfiHandle {
-} * EfiHandlePtr;
+}* EfiHandlePtr;
 
 /* UEFI uses wide characters by default. */
 typedef WideChar EfiCharType;
@@ -239,63 +239,85 @@ typedef struct EfiTableHeader {
   UInt32 Reserved;
 } EfiTableHeader;
 
-#define EFI_ACPI_TABLE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                               \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0xffe06bdd, 0x6107, 0x46a6, { 0x7b, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x7e, 0xc5, 0x27, 0x5c } \
+#define EFI_ACPI_TABLE_PROTOCOL_GUID                 \
+  {                                                  \
+    0xffe06bdd, 0x6107, 0x46a6, {                    \
+      0x7b, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x7e, 0xc5, 0x27, 0x5c \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_LOAD_FILE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                                \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x56EC3091, 0x954C, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_LOAD_FILE_PROTOCOL_GUID                  \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x56EC3091, 0x954C, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8e, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_LOAD_FILE2_PROTOCOL_GUID                                               \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x4006c0c1, 0xfcb3, 0x403e, { 0x99, 0x6d, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x87, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x6d } \
+#define EFI_LOAD_FILE2_PROTOCOL_GUID                 \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x4006c0c1, 0xfcb3, 0x403e, {                    \
+      0x99, 0x6d, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x87, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x6d \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                             \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x5B1B31A1, 0x9562, 0x11d2, { 0x8E, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3B } \
+#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_GUID               \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x5B1B31A1, 0x9562, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8E, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3B \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID                                          \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x9042a9de, 0x23dc, 0x4a38, { 0x96, 0xfb, 0x7a, 0xde, 0xd0, 0x80, 0x51, 0x6a } \
+#define EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID            \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x9042a9de, 0x23dc, 0x4a38, {                    \
+      0x96, 0xfb, 0x7a, 0xde, 0xd0, 0x80, 0x51, 0x6a \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID                                           \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0xA19832B9, 0xAC25, 0x11D3, { 0x9A, 0x2D, 0x00, 0x90, 0x27, 0x3f, 0xc1, 0x4d } \
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID             \
+  {                                                  \
+    0xA19832B9, 0xAC25, 0x11D3, {                    \
+      0x9A, 0x2D, 0x00, 0x90, 0x27, 0x3f, 0xc1, 0x4d \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 #define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_REVISION 0x00010000
 
-#define EFI_IP4_PROTOCOL_GUID                                                      \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x41d94cd2, 0x35b6, 0x455a, { 0x82, 0x58, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0x13, 0x34, 0xaa, 0xdd } \
+#define EFI_IP4_PROTOCOL_GUID                        \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x41d94cd2, 0x35b6, 0x455a, {                    \
+      0x82, 0x58, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0x13, 0x34, 0xaa, 0xdd \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 #define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_REVISION 0x1000
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
-  {                                                                                 \
-    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID         \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, {                   \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID                                 \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0xbc62157e, 0x3e33, 0x4fec, { 0x99, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x3b, 0x36, 0xd7, 0x50, 0xdf } \
+#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID   \
+  {                                                  \
+    0xbc62157e, 0x3e33, 0x4fec, {                    \
+      0x99, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x3b, 0x36, 0xd7, 0x50, 0xdf \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID                                            \
-  {                                                                              \
-    0x9576e91, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x0, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID               \
+  {                                                 \
+    0x9576e91, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x0, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                               \
   }
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
-  {                                                                                 \
-    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID         \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, {                   \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 typedef UInt64(EfiImageUnload)(EfiHandlePtr ImageHandle);
@@ -351,17 +373,17 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef EFI_STATUS(EFIAPI* EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_TRANSMIT)(IN EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* This,
                                                         IN UInt32 HeaderSize, IN UInt32 BufferSize,
-                                                        IN Void* Buffer,
-                                                        IN EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr OPTIONAL,
+                                                        IN Void*                   Buffer,
+                                                        IN EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr  OPTIONAL,
                                                         IN EfiMacAddress* DestAddr OPTIONAL,
-                                                        IN UInt16* Protocol OPTIONAL);
+                                                        IN UInt16* Protocol        OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EFI_STATUS(EFIAPI* EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_RECEIVE)(IN EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* This,
-                                                       OUT UInt32* HeaderSize OPTIONAL,
+                                                       OUT UInt32* HeaderSize          OPTIONAL,
                                                        IN OUT UInt32* BufferSize, OUT Void* Buffer,
-                                                       OUT EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr OPTIONAL,
+                                                       OUT EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr  OPTIONAL,
                                                        OUT EfiMacAddress* DestAddr OPTIONAL,
-                                                       OUT UInt16* Protocol OPTIONAL);
+                                                       OUT UInt16* Protocol        OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef struct EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL {
   UInt64                        Revision;
@@ -506,9 +528,11 @@ typedef struct EFI_GUID EFI_FINAL {
  * Protocol stuff...
  */
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_TEXT_INPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x387477c1, 0x69c7, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_TEXT_INPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID          \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x387477c1, 0x69c7, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 /** some helpers */
@@ -607,7 +631,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } EfiInputKey;
 
 typedef EfiStatusType(EFI_API* EfiInputReadKey)(IN EfiSimpleTextInputProtocol* This,
-                                                OUT EfiInputKey* Key);
+                                                OUT EfiInputKey*               Key);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType(EFI_API* EfiInputReset)(IN EfiSimpleTextInputProtocol* This,
                                               IN Boolean                     ExtendedChk);
@@ -665,7 +689,7 @@ typedef struct EfiSystemTable {
   struct {
     EFI_GUID VendorGUID;
     VoidPtr  VendorTable;
-  } * ConfigurationTable;
+  }* ConfigurationTable;
 } EfiSystemTable;
 
 #define kEfiOk 0
@@ -726,9 +750,11 @@ enum {
 
 #define EFI_EXTRA_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE 8
 
-#define EFI_MP_SERVICES_PROTOCOL_GUID                                              \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x3fdda605, 0xa76e, 0x4f46, { 0xad, 0x29, 0x12, 0xf4, 0x53, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0x08 } \
+#define EFI_MP_SERVICES_PROTOCOL_GUID                \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x3fdda605, 0xa76e, 0x4f46, {                    \
+      0xad, 0x29, 0x12, 0xf4, 0x53, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0x08 \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 #define PROCESSOR_AS_BSP_BIT 0x00000001
@@ -825,9 +851,11 @@ typedef struct EfiTime {
   UInt8  Pad2;
 } EfiTime;
 
-#define EFI_FILE_INFO_GUID                                                         \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x09576e92, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_FILE_INFO_GUID                           \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x09576e92, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 struct EfiFileInfo EFI_FINAL {
@@ -896,8 +924,8 @@ typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesStartupThisAP)(
     IN Void* ProcedureArgument OPTIONAL, OUT Boolean* Finished OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesDisableThisAP)(IN struct _EfiMpServicesProtocol* Self,
-                                                            IN UInt32  ProcessorNumber,
-                                                            IN Boolean EnableAP,
+                                                            IN UInt32             ProcessorNumber,
+                                                            IN Boolean            EnableAP,
                                                             IN UInt32* HealthFlag OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesWhoAmI)(IN struct _EfiMpServicesProtocol* Self,
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index 0dbd6815..4a667549 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ EXTERN_C BOOL mp_register_task(HAL::StackFramePtr stack_frame, ThreadID thrdid)
   if (!stack_frame) return NO;
 
   if (thrdid > kSMPCount) return NO;
-  
+
   if (!kSMPAware) {
     sched_jump_to_task(kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr);
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index b837497e..0c2d0960 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -61,8 +61,7 @@ EXTERN_C void idt_handle_scheduler(Kernel::UIntPtr rsp) {
 
   hal_idt_send_eoi(32);
 
-  while (kIsRunning)
-    ;
+  while (kIsRunning);
 
   kIsRunning = YES;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 39f7de1d..c7a87b13 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
                          handover_hdr->f_HardwareTables.f_ImageHandle);
 
   kKernelVM = kHandoverHeader->f_PageStart;
-  
+
   if (!kKernelVM) {
     MUST_PASS(kKernelVM);
     return kEfiFail;
@@ -168,7 +168,6 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_real_init(Kernel::Void) noexcept {
 
   idt_loader.Load(idt_reg);
 
-  while (YES)
-    ;
+  while (YES);
 }
 #endif  // ifndef __NE_MODULAR_KERNEL_COMPONENTS__
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
index 079acde4..cf297632 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ namespace Detail {
     PageEnable          = 31,
   };
 
-  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) { return static_cast<UInt8>(reg); }
+  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) {
+    return static_cast<UInt8>(reg);
+  }
 }  // namespace Detail
 
 auto mm_alloc_bitmap(Boolean wr, Boolean user, SizeT size, Bool is_page, SizeT pad = 0) -> VoidPtr;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
index 39efb7d3..4688203f 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Void drv_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorSz
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz - 1) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
@@ -123,8 +123,7 @@ Void drv_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorSz
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x09);  // Start DMA engine
 
-  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01)
-    ;
+  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01);
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x00);  // Stop DMA engine
 
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ Void drv_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorS
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + (SectorSz - 1)) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
@@ -163,8 +162,7 @@ Void drv_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorS
 
   rt_out8(IO + 0x00, 0x09);  // Start DMA engine
 
-  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01)
-    ;
+  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01);
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x00);  // Stop DMA engine
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
index 6fccbdfa..9c5b3931 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
@@ -83,8 +83,7 @@ ATAInit_Retry:
 
   rt_out8(OutBus + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   /// fetch serial info
   /// model, speed, number of sectors...
@@ -117,15 +116,14 @@ Void drv_pio_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT Sect
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_READ_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     drv_pio_std_wait_io(IO);
@@ -149,15 +147,14 @@ Void drv_pio_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT Sec
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     drv_pio_std_wait_io(IO);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc
index 09898b08..964fc2f4 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc
@@ -85,4 +85,3 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _Init_thread_header(Kernel::Int* thread_obj) {
 }
 
 EXTERN_C Kernel::Int _tls_index = 0UL;
-
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index 0c26f4cb..63a42de8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@ EXTERN_C void int_handle_scheduler(Kernel::UIntPtr rsp) {
 
   hal_int_send_eoi(32);
 
-  while (kIsRunning)
-    ;
+  while (kIsRunning);
 
   kIsRunning = YES;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 20bd3d8a..d8e6843b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ EXTERN_C void hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
 
   Kernel::mp_init_cores();
 
-  while (YES)
-    ;
+  while (YES);
 }
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
index 7a022141..be9fb116 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ namespace Detail {
     PageEnable          = 31,
   };
 
-  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) { return static_cast<UInt8>(reg); }
+  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) {
+    return static_cast<UInt8>(reg);
+  }
 }  // namespace Detail
 
 struct PDE_4KB final {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index daa26e53..6059e3be 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace Kernel::Detail {
 STATIC void mp_hang_fn(void) {
-  while (YES)
-    ;
+  while (YES);
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel::Detail
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index 31d4a62e..e6fdddfb 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ using namespace Kernel;
 namespace Kernel {
 namespace Detail {
   STATIC void mp_hang_fn(void) {
-    while (YES)
-      ;
+    while (YES);
   }
 
 }  // namespace Detail
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index b92d7393..a7908b7d 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Prev {
     nullptr
   };
-  
+
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Next {
     nullptr
   };
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
index d1334277..f925a96c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #ifndef INC_FILEMGR_H
 #define INC_FILEMGR_H
 
-
 /// @file FileMgr.h
 /// @brief File Manager.
 /// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
index 76327a93..168a0cc1 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class HardwareThreadScheduler final : public ISchedulable {
  public:
   Ref<HardwareThread*> operator[](SizeT idx);
   bool                 operator!() noexcept;
-                       operator bool() noexcept;
+  operator bool() noexcept;
 
   Bool IsUser() override { return Yes; }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
index 222041e8..c0879769 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ class KERNEL_TASK final {
   UInt8*             StackReserve{nullptr};
   SizeT              StackSize{kSchedMaxStackSz};
   PROCESS_IMAGE      Image{};
-  /// @brief a KID is a Kernel Identification Descriptor, it is used to find a task running within the kernel.
-  KID                Kid{0};
+  /// @brief a KID is a Kernel Identification Descriptor, it is used to find a task running within
+  /// the kernel.
+  KID Kid{0};
 };
 
 /// @brief Equivalent of UserProcessHelper, but for kernel tasks.
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h
index 1f9b1e56..ed7d8364 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class LoaderInterface {
 
  public:
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> GetBlob()                                              = 0;
-  virtual _Output const Char* AsString()                                                  = 0;
-  virtual _Output const Char* MIME()                                                      = 0;
-  virtual _Output const Char* Path()                                                      = 0;
+  virtual _Output const Char*      AsString()                                             = 0;
+  virtual _Output const Char*      MIME()                                                 = 0;
+  virtual _Output const Char*      Path()                                                 = 0;
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> FindStart()                                            = 0;
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> FindSymbol(_Input const Char* name, _Input Int32 kind) = 0;
 };
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
index 7e7d3f0c..c4e3b61a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class DMAWrapper final {
   T* Get(UIntPtr off = 0);
 
  public:
-       operator bool();
+  operator bool();
   bool operator!();
 
  public:
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 930b245d..705d9f18 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ typedef UInt64 SemaphoreArr[kSemaphoreCount];
 
 /// @brief Checks if the semaphore is valid.
 inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner = 0) {
-  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] == owner && sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] >= 0;
+  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] == owner && sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0;
 }
 
 /// @brief Releases the semaphore, resetting its owner and count.
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_acquire(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner) {
 /// @param sem
 /// @param timeout
 /// @return
-inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout, BOOL* condition = nullptr) {
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout,
+                         BOOL* condition = nullptr) {
   if (!rtl_sem_is_valid(sem, owner)) {
     return FALSE;
   }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
index b46ffaa8..e80e2e47 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifndef kib_cast
-#define kib_cast(X) (Kernel::UInt64)((X) *1024)
+#define kib_cast(X) (Kernel::UInt64)((X) * 1024)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MIB
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h
index 674f9ff3..f5ff4b54 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class OwnPtr final {
 
   Ref<T> AsRef() { return Ref<T>(fCls); }
 
-       operator bool() { return fCls; }
+  operator bool() { return fCls; }
   bool operator!() { return !fCls; }
 
  private:
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h
index 4d343bc5..46e94f88 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class Ref final {
     return *this;
   }
 
-  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(Ref);
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(Ref)
 
  public:
   T operator->() const { return fClass; }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
index 24e4e220..66a4aaef 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ Void rt_zero_memory(voidPtr pointer, Size len) {
 #ifdef __NE_ENFORCE_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
 [[deprecated("Use rt_set_memory_safe instead")]]
 #endif
-voidPtr
-rt_set_memory(voidPtr src, UInt32 value, Size len) {
+voidPtr rt_set_memory(voidPtr src, UInt32 value, Size len) {
   if (!src) return nullptr;
   auto  p = reinterpret_cast<UInt8*>(src);
   UInt8 v = static_cast<UInt8>(value & 0xFF);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc b/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
index f669d7fa..9bfb89d9 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Kernel {
 
 Bool BinaryMutex::Unlock() noexcept {
   if (fLockingProcess->Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning) {
-    fLockingProcess        = nullptr;
+    fLockingProcess = nullptr;
 
     return Yes;
   }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index 14e0b974..7b9ebcd6 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ _Output BOOL NeFileSystemParser::CreateFork(_Input NEFS_FORK_STRUCT& the_fork) {
 /// @return the newly found fork.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 _Output NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindFork(_Input NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* catalog,
-                                                       _Input const Char* name,
-                                                       _Input Boolean     is_data) {
+                                                       _Input const Char*          name,
+                                                       _Input Boolean              is_data) {
   if (!catalog || !name) return nullptr;
 
   auto&            drive = kMountpoint.A();
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
 /// @param kind the catalog kind.
 /// @return catalog pointer.
 /***********************************************************************************/
-_Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char* name,
+_Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char*  name,
                                                                _Input const Int32& flags,
                                                                _Input const Int32& kind) {
   kout << "CreateCatalog(*...*)\r";
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc b/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
index c11e328d..251d6645 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
@@ -18,13 +18,21 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 namespace Indexer {
-  Index& IndexableProperty::Leak() noexcept { return fIndex; }
+  Index& IndexableProperty::Leak() noexcept {
+    return fIndex;
+  }
 
-  Void IndexableProperty::AddFlag(Int16 flag) { fFlags |= flag; }
+  Void IndexableProperty::AddFlag(Int16 flag) {
+    fFlags |= flag;
+  }
 
-  Void IndexableProperty::RemoveFlag(Int16 flag) { fFlags &= flag; }
+  Void IndexableProperty::RemoveFlag(Int16 flag) {
+    fFlags &= flag;
+  }
 
-  Int16 IndexableProperty::HasFlag(Int16 flag) { return fFlags & flag; }
+  Int16 IndexableProperty::HasFlag(Int16 flag) {
+    return fFlags & flag;
+  }
 
   /// @brief Index a file into the indexer instance.
   /// @param filename filesystem path to access.
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
index 2bdeff9d..25bc77ba 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ typedef nullPtr           NullPtr;
 #endif
 
 #ifndef kib_cast
-#define kib_cast(X) (UInt64)((X) *1024)
+#define kib_cast(X) (UInt64)((X) * 1024)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MIB
diff --git a/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
index c6801de5..3a82a94e 100644
--- a/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
@@ -24,13 +24,17 @@ class ChronoInterface {
   ChronoInterface()          = default;
   virtual ~ChronoInterface() = default;
 
-  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(ChronoInterface);
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(ChronoInterface)
 
-  virtual void   Start()                = 0;
-  virtual void   Stop()                 = 0;
-  virtual void   Reset()                = 0;
+  virtual Void   Start()                = 0;
+  virtual Void   Stop()                 = 0;
+  virtual Void   Reset()                = 0;
   virtual UInt64 GetElapsedTime() const = 0;
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
+namespace BenchKit {
+using namespace Kernel;
+}
+
 #endif  // BENCHKIT_CHRONO_H
diff --git a/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
index 358c74d4..ac92ebb1 100644
--- a/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct X64ChronoTraits {
  private:
   STATIC UInt64 TickImpl_(void) {
     UInt64 a = 0, d = 0;
-    
+
     asm volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(a), "=d"(d));
     return (d << 32) | a;
   }
diff --git a/dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h b/dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h
index b7c13280..ba3a8da6 100644
--- a/dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h
+++ b/dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ class PowerFactory {
 
  public:
   Bool Shutdown() { return NO; };  // shutdown
-  Void Reboot(){};                 // soft-reboot
+  Void Reboot() {};                // soft-reboot
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h b/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h
index ea32038d..80b68536 100644
--- a/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h
+++ b/public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ class CFString;
 
 class CFString final CF_OBJECT {
  public:
-  CFString() = default;
+  CFString()  = default;
   ~CFString() = default;
-  
-  CFString(const CFString&) = delete;
+
+  CFString(const CFString&)            = delete;
   CFString& operator=(const CFString&) = delete;
 };
 }  // namespace CF
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/frameworks/DiskImage.fwrk/src/DiskImage+EPM.cc b/public/frameworks/DiskImage.fwrk/src/DiskImage+EPM.cc
index 1291a3e1..83b52905 100644
--- a/public/frameworks/DiskImage.fwrk/src/DiskImage+EPM.cc
+++ b/public/frameworks/DiskImage.fwrk/src/DiskImage+EPM.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ SInt32 DI::DIFormatPartitionEPM(struct DI_DISK_IMAGE& img) noexcept {
   if (!handle) return kDIFailureStatus;
 
   ::IoWriteFile(handle, (Char*) &block, sizeof(struct ::EPM_PART_BLOCK));
-  
+
   ::IoCloseFile(handle);
 
   handle = nullptr;
diff --git a/public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/headers/KernelTest.h b/public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/headers/KernelTest.h
index 9d4fd351..70b1b9b3 100644
--- a/public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/headers/KernelTest.h
+++ b/public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/headers/KernelTest.h
@@ -18,14 +18,18 @@
 
 #define KT_TEST_SUCCESS (0)
 
-#define KT_DECL_TEST(NAME, FN)                                     \
-  class KT_##NAME final {                                          \
-   public:                                                         \
-    Kernel::Void        Run();                                             \
-    const Kernel::Char* ToString();                                        \
-  };                                                               \
-  inline Kernel::Void        KT_##NAME::Run() { MUST_PASS(FN() == true); } \
-  inline const Kernel::Char* KT_##NAME::ToString() { return #FN; }
+#define KT_DECL_TEST(NAME, FN)                       \
+  class KT_##NAME final {                            \
+   public:                                           \
+    Kernel::Void        Run();                       \
+    const Kernel::Char* ToString();                  \
+  };                                                 \
+  inline Kernel::Void KT_##NAME::Run() {             \
+    MUST_PASS(FN() == true);                         \
+  }                                                  \
+  inline const Kernel::Char* KT_##NAME::ToString() { \
+    return #FN;                                      \
+  }
 
 KT_DECL_TEST(ALWAYS_BREAK, []() -> bool { return false; });
 KT_DECL_TEST(ALWAYS_GOOD, []() -> bool { return true; });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/src/UnitTests.cc b/public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/src/UnitTests.cc
index a02d1499..07e7b129 100644
--- a/public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/src/UnitTests.cc
+++ b/public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/src/UnitTests.cc
@@ -6,14 +6,12 @@
 
 #include <public/frameworks/KernelTest.fwrk/headers/KernelTest.h>
 
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void KT_TestBreak()
-{
-    KT_ALWAYS_BREAK brk;
-    brk.Run();
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void KT_TestBreak() {
+  KT_ALWAYS_BREAK brk;
+  brk.Run();
 }
 
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void KT_TestGood()
-{
-    KT_ALWAYS_GOOD good;
-    good.Run();
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void KT_TestGood() {
+  KT_ALWAYS_GOOD good;
+  good.Run();
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/tools/diutil/vendor/Dialogs.h b/public/tools/diutil/vendor/Dialogs.h
index 84e239f5..ce50b811 100644
--- a/public/tools/diutil/vendor/Dialogs.h
+++ b/public/tools/diutil/vendor/Dialogs.h
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace internal {
 #elif __EMSCRIPTEN__
     void start(int exit_code);
 #else
-    void  start_process(std::vector<std::string> const& command);
+    void start_process(std::vector<std::string> const& command);
 #endif
 
     ~executor();
@@ -490,10 +490,10 @@ inline settings::settings(bool resync) {
 #if _WIN32
   flags(flag::is_vista) = internal::is_vista();
 #elif !__APPLE__
-  flags(flag::has_zenity) = check_program("zenity");
+  flags(flag::has_zenity)     = check_program("zenity");
   flags(flag::has_matedialog) = check_program("matedialog");
-  flags(flag::has_qarma) = check_program("qarma");
-  flags(flag::has_kdialog) = check_program("kdialog");
+  flags(flag::has_qarma)      = check_program("qarma");
+  flags(flag::has_kdialog)    = check_program("kdialog");
 
   // If multiple helpers are available, try to default to the best one
   if (flags(flag::has_zenity) && flags(flag::has_kdialog)) {
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ inline bool settings::check_program(std::string const& program) {
   (void) program;
   return false;
 #else
-  int exit_code = -1;
+  int                exit_code = -1;
   internal::executor async;
   async.start_process({"/bin/sh", "-c", "which " + program});
   async.result(&exit_code);
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ inline std::string path::home() {
   if (size_max != -1) len = size_t(size_max);
 #endif
   std::vector<char> buf(len);
-  struct passwd pwd, *result;
+  struct passwd     pwd, *result;
   if (getpwuid_r(getuid(), &pwd, buf.data(), buf.size(), &result) == 0) return result->pw_dir;
 #endif
   return "/";
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ inline void internal::executor::start_process(std::vector<std::string> const& co
   }
 
   close(in[1]);
-  m_fd = out[0];
+  m_fd       = out[0];
   auto flags = fcntl(m_fd, F_GETFL);
   fcntl(m_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
 
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ inline bool internal::executor::ready(int timeout /* = default_wait_timeout */)
   // FIXME: do something
   (void) timeout;
 #else
-  char buf[BUFSIZ];
+  char    buf[BUFSIZ];
   ssize_t received = read(m_fd, buf, BUFSIZ);  // Flawfinder: ignore
   if (received > 0) {
     m_stdout += std::string(buf, received);
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ inline bool internal::executor::ready(int timeout /* = default_wait_timeout */)
   // (this happens when the calling application handles or ignores SIG_CHLD) and results in
   // waitpid() failing with ECHILD. Otherwise we assume the child is running and we sleep for
   // a little while.
-  int status;
+  int   status;
   pid_t child = waitpid(m_pid, &status, WNOHANG);
   if (child != m_pid && (child >= 0 || errno != ECHILD)) {
     // FIXME: this happens almost always at first iteration
@@ -782,8 +782,7 @@ inline bool internal::executor::ready(int timeout /* = default_wait_timeout */)
 
 inline void internal::executor::stop() {
   // Loop until the user closes the dialog
-  while (!ready())
-    ;
+  while (!ready());
 }
 
 // dll implementation
@@ -879,11 +878,11 @@ inline std::vector<std::string> internal::dialog::desktop_helper() const {
 #if __APPLE__
   return {"osascript"};
 #else
-  return {flags(flag::has_zenity) ? "zenity"
+  return {flags(flag::has_zenity)       ? "zenity"
           : flags(flag::has_matedialog) ? "matedialog"
-          : flags(flag::has_qarma) ? "qarma"
-          : flags(flag::has_kdialog) ? "kdialog"
-                                     : "echo"};
+          : flags(flag::has_qarma)      ? "qarma"
+          : flags(flag::has_kdialog)    ? "kdialog"
+                                        : "echo"};
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1125,9 +1124,9 @@ inline internal::file_dialog::file_dialog(type in_type, std::string const& title
       // Split the pattern list to check whether "*" is in there; if it
       // is, we have to disable filters because there is no mechanism in
       // OS X for the user to override the filter.
-      std::regex sep("\\s+");
-      std::string filter_list;
-      bool has_filter = true;
+      std::regex                 sep("\\s+");
+      std::string                filter_list;
+      bool                       has_filter = true;
       std::sregex_token_iterator iter(patterns.begin(), patterns.end(), sep, -1);
       std::sregex_token_iterator end;
       for (; iter != end; ++iter) {
@@ -1236,7 +1235,7 @@ inline std::vector<std::string> internal::file_dialog::vector_result() {
   return m_vector_result;
 #else
   std::vector<std::string> ret;
-  auto result = m_async->result();
+  auto                     result = m_async->result();
   for (;;) {
     // Split result along newline characters
     auto i = result.find('\n');
@@ -1569,7 +1568,7 @@ inline message::message(std::string const& title, std::string const& text,
         if_cancel = button::ok;
         break;
     }
-    m_mappings[1] = if_cancel;
+    m_mappings[1]   = if_cancel;
     m_mappings[256] = if_cancel;  // XXX: I think this was never correct
     script += " with icon ";
     switch (_icon) {
@@ -1656,7 +1655,7 @@ inline message::message(std::string const& title, std::string const& text,
       if (_choice == choice::yes_no_cancel) flag += "cancel";
       command.push_back(flag);
       if (_choice == choice::yes_no || _choice == choice::yes_no_cancel) {
-        m_mappings[0] = button::yes;
+        m_mappings[0]   = button::yes;
         m_mappings[256] = button::no;
       }
     }
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc
index 3888476c..3a0c192d 100644
--- a/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.oe/src/CommandLine.cc
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ SInt32 _NeMain(SInt32 argc, Char* argv[]) {
 
   ::PrintOut(nullptr, "%s", "mgmt.oe: OpenEnclave Management Tool.");
 
-  /// @note JailGetCurrent returns client as nullptr if we're not that client (we'll not be able to access the jail then)
+  /// @note JailGetCurrent returns client as nullptr if we're not that client (we'll not be able to
+  /// access the jail then)
   if (kJailSrv->fClient == nullptr) return EXIT_FAILURE;
 
   return EXIT_FAILURE;
diff --git a/tools/fsck.hefs.cc b/tools/fsck.hefs.cc
index e3837b8a..5a41cec2 100644
--- a/tools/fsck.hefs.cc
+++ b/tools/fsck.hefs.cc
@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <fstream>
 
-static uint16_t      kNumericalBase = 10;
+static uint16_t kNumericalBase = 10;
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   if (argc < 2) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: usage: fsck.hefs -i=<input_device>"
-                        << "\n";
+    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: usage: fsck.hefs -i=<input_device>" << "\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
@@ -25,8 +24,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   auto origin = mkfs::get_option<char>(args, "-o");
 
   if (opt_disk.empty()) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: error: HeFS is empty! Exiting..."
-                        << "\n";
+    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: error: HeFS is empty! Exiting..." << "\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   mkfs::hefs::BootNode boot_node;
 
   std::memset(&boot_node, 0, sizeof(boot_node));
-  
+
   output_device.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&boot_node), sizeof(boot_node));
 
   if (strncmp(boot_node.magic, kHeFSMagic, kHeFSMagicLen) != 0 || boot_node.sectorCount < 1 ||
diff --git a/tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h b/tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h
index e729c29b..6e242293 100644
--- a/tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h
+++ b/tools/libmkfs/mkfs.h
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <tools/rang.h>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 
 #define kMkFsSectorSz (512U)
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ namespace detail {
 
   inline bool parse_signed(const std::string& opt, long& out, int base = 10) {
     out = 0L;
-    
+
     if (opt.empty()) return true;
 
     char* endptr = nullptr;
     long  val    = std::strtol(opt.c_str(), &endptr, base);
-    auto err = errno;
-    
+    auto  err    = errno;
+
     if (err == ERANGE || err == EINVAL) return false;
     if (endptr == opt.c_str() || *endptr != '\0') return false;
 
diff --git a/tools/mkfs.hefs.cc b/tools/mkfs.hefs.cc
index bf790598..9f70b78f 100644
--- a/tools/mkfs.hefs.cc
+++ b/tools/mkfs.hefs.cc
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 static size_t        kDiskSize = mkfs::detail::gib_cast(4UL);
 static uint16_t      kVersion  = kHeFSVersion;
 static std::u8string kLabel;
-static size_t        kSectorSize = 512;
+static size_t        kSectorSize    = 512;
 static uint16_t      kNumericalBase = 10;
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -91,22 +91,22 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -b <dec> argument.\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
-  
+
   if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_e, end_ind, kNumericalBase) || end_ind <= start_ind) {
     mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid or out-of-range -e <dec> argument.\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
-  
+
   if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_bs, start_block, kNumericalBase)) {
     mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -bs <dec> argument.\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
-  
+
   if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_be, end_block, kNumericalBase) || end_block <= start_block) {
     mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid or out-of-range -be <dec> argument.\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
-  
+
   if (!mkfs::detail::parse_signed(opt_is, start_in, kNumericalBase)) {
     mkfs::console_out() << "hefs: error: Invalid -is <dec> argument.\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
@@ -133,24 +133,24 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   mkfs::hefs::BootNode boot_node;
   std::memset(&boot_node, 0, sizeof(boot_node));
 
-  boot_node.version    = kVersion;
-  boot_node.diskKind   = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSHardDrive;
-  boot_node.encoding   = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8;
-  boot_node.diskSize   = kDiskSize;
-  boot_node.sectorSize = kSectorSize;
+  boot_node.version     = kVersion;
+  boot_node.diskKind    = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSHardDrive;
+  boot_node.encoding    = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSEncodingFlagsUTF8;
+  boot_node.diskSize    = kDiskSize;
+  boot_node.sectorSize  = kSectorSize;
   boot_node.sectorCount = kDiskSize / kSectorSize;
-  boot_node.startIND   = static_cast<size_t>(start_ind) + sizeof(mkfs::hefs::BootNode);
-  boot_node.endIND     = static_cast<size_t>(end_ind);
-  boot_node.startIN    = static_cast<size_t>(start_in);
-  boot_node.endIN      = static_cast<size_t>(end_in);
-  boot_node.startBlock = static_cast<size_t>(start_block);
-  boot_node.endBlock   = static_cast<size_t>(end_block);
-  boot_node.indCount   = 0UL;
-  boot_node.diskStatus = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSStatusUnlocked;
+  boot_node.startIND    = static_cast<size_t>(start_ind) + sizeof(mkfs::hefs::BootNode);
+  boot_node.endIND      = static_cast<size_t>(end_ind);
+  boot_node.startIN     = static_cast<size_t>(start_in);
+  boot_node.endIN       = static_cast<size_t>(end_in);
+  boot_node.startBlock  = static_cast<size_t>(start_block);
+  boot_node.endBlock    = static_cast<size_t>(end_block);
+  boot_node.indCount    = 0UL;
+  boot_node.diskStatus  = mkfs::hefs::kHeFSStatusUnlocked;
 
   static_assert(sizeof(boot_node.magic) >= kHeFSMagicLen,
                 "BootNode::magic too small to hold kHeFSMagicLen");
-                
+
   std::memset(boot_node.magic, 0, sizeof(boot_node.magic));
   size_t magic_copy =
       (sizeof(boot_node.magic) < kHeFSMagicLen - 1) ? sizeof(boot_node.magic) : (kHeFSMagicLen - 1);
@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   boot_node.magic[magic_copy] = 0;
 
   constexpr size_t vol_slots = kHeFSPartNameLen;
-  
+
   std::memset(boot_node.volumeName, 0, sizeof(boot_node.volumeName));
-  
+
   size_t label_units = std::min(kLabel.size(), vol_slots - 1);
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < label_units; ++i) {
     boot_node.volumeName[i] = static_cast<char8_t>(kLabel[i]);
   }
-  
+
   boot_node.volumeName[label_units] = 0U;
 
   output_device.seekp(static_cast<std::streamoff>(start_ind));
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d9f1a4f656ced76df3f23eeec678e1a3be1fd432 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 23:14:12 +0300
Subject: Update SystemCalls.cc

---
 dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 95 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
index 6344cdac..71eebc62 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
+++ b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
@@ -10,13 +10,41 @@
 /// @file SystemAPI.cc
 /// @brief System wide API for NeKernel.
 
+namespace Detail {
+  template<typename T>
+  inline VoidPtr safe_void_cast(const T* ptr) {
+    return const_cast<VoidPtr>(static_cast<const VoidPtr>(ptr));
+  }
+}
+
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {
   if (!len || !dest || !src) {
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    ((Char*) dest)[i] = ((Char*) src)[i];
+  auto src_bytes = static_cast<const UInt8*>(src);
+  auto dst_bytes = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
+  
+  if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && 
+      (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(src) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0 &&
+      (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(dest) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0) {
+    
+    auto src_words = static_cast<const UInt64*>(src);
+    auto dst_words = static_cast<UInt64*>(dest);
+    SizeT word_count = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+    
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < word_count; ++i) {
+      dst_words[i] = src_words[i];
+    }
+    
+    SizeT remaining = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < remaining; ++i) {
+      dst_bytes[len - remaining + i] = src_bytes[len - remaining + i];
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      dst_bytes[i] = src_bytes[i];
+    }
   }
 
   return dest;
@@ -25,13 +53,13 @@ IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input Si
 IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {
   if (!in) return 0;
 
-  SizeT len{0};
-
-  do {
+  SizeT len = 0;
+  
+  while (in[len] != '\0') {
     ++len;
-  } while (in[len] != '\0');
+  }
 
-  return len;
+  return static_cast<SInt64>(len);
 }
 
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt8 value) {
@@ -39,56 +67,97 @@ IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    ((Char*) dest)[i] = value;
+  auto dst_bytes = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
+  
+  if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(dest) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0) {
+    // 64-bit pattern
+    UInt64 pattern = static_cast<UInt64>(value);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 8);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 16);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 32);
+    
+    auto dst_words = static_cast<UInt64*>(dest);
+    SizeT word_count = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+    
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < word_count; ++i) {
+      dst_words[i] = pattern;
+    }
+    
+    SizeT remaining = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < remaining; ++i) {
+      dst_bytes[len - remaining + i] = value;
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      dst_bytes[i] = value;
+    }
   }
 
   return dest;
 }
 
 IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter) {
-  return (Ref) libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("IoOpenFile"),
-                                    reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(path)),
-                                    reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(drv_letter)));
+  return static_cast<Ref>(libsys_syscall_arg_3(
+      SYSCALL_HASH("IoOpenFile"),
+      Detail::safe_void_cast(path),
+      Detail::safe_void_cast(drv_letter)));
 }
 
 IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  libsys_syscall_arg_2(2, desc);
+  libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoCloseFile"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
 }
 
 IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_3(
-      SYSCALL_HASH("IoSeekFile"), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(
+      SYSCALL_HASH("IoSeekFile"), 
+      static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc), 
+      reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
 
-  MUST_PASS((*ret) != ~0UL);
-  return *ret;
+  if (!ret_ptr) {
+    return ~0UL;  
+  }
+
+  auto ret = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
+  UInt64 result = *ret;
+  MUST_PASS(result != ~0UL);
+  return result;
 }
 
 IMPORT_C UInt64 IoTellFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoTellFile"),
-                                                     reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoTellFile"),
+                                      static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
+  
+  if (!ret_ptr) {
+    return ~0UL; 
+  }
+  
+  auto ret = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
   return *ret;
 }
 
 IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
-
   va_start(args, fmt);
 
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_4(
-      SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
-      reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(fmt)), args);
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_4(
+      SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"), 
+      static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
+      Detail::safe_void_cast(fmt), 
+      static_cast<VoidPtr>(&args));
 
   va_end(args);
-
+  
+  if (!ret_ptr) {
+    return -1;  
+  }
+  
+  auto ret = static_cast<const volatile SInt32*>(ret_ptr);
   return *ret;
 }
 
 IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {
   if (!expr) {
     PrintOut(nullptr, "Assertion failed: %s\r", origin);
-    PrintOut(nullptr, "Origin: %s\r", origin);
-
     libsys_syscall_arg_1(SYSCALL_HASH("_rtl_debug_break"));
   }
 }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 57d0e32e7fdbe9dfe7dfd64d87b900a0cc31bd16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 08:41:11 +0200
Subject: fix: libSystem: call IoCloseFile system call correctly now.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
index 6344cdac..4e4f1478 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
+++ b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter)
 }
 
 IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  libsys_syscall_arg_2(2, desc);
+  libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoCloseFile"), desc);
 }
 
 IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5cb6a8b5b1a1262fff847071e62ca22cf565cbac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 08:56:01 +0200
Subject: feat: api/crc32: reworked crc32 api using new portable types.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h | 2 +-
 dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc  | 6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h
index 8988f828..0fc35134 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #define kCrcCnt (256)
 
 namespace Kernel {
-UInt32 ke_calculate_crc32(const Char* crc, Int32 len) noexcept;
+UInt32 ke_calculate_crc32(const VoidPtr crc, Int32 len) noexcept;
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
 #endif  // !CRC32_H
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc
index fddcb095..46a1d940 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc
@@ -49,11 +49,13 @@ UInt32 kChecksumPolys[kCrcCnt] = {
 /// @param in the data to compute.
 /// @param len the length of the data.
 /// @return CRC32 of **in**.
-UInt32 ke_calculate_crc32(const Char* in, Int32 len) noexcept {
-  if (!in || *in == 0) return ~0;
+UInt32 ke_calculate_crc32(const VoidPtr inp, Int32 len) noexcept {
+  if (!inp) return ~0;
 
   UInt32 crc = 0xffffffff;
 
+  Char* in = static_cast<Char*>(inp);
+
   while ((len--) > 0) crc = (crc >> 8) ^ kChecksumPolys[(crc ^ *(in++)) & 0xFF];
 
   return ~crc;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d8bd32ab5eea6af45d461cf109d5203996576ada Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 08:57:45 +0200
Subject: fix: X64Chrono.h: fix build warning about extra ';'

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
index ac92ebb1..728e7d60 100644
--- a/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class X64Chrono BENCHKIT_INTERFACE {
   X64Chrono()           = default;
   ~X64Chrono() override = default;
 
-  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(X64Chrono);
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(X64Chrono)
 
  public:
   Void Start() override { fStart = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4fad178e1d45dc3beab4ddc8d5658094aef661cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 10:26:58 +0200
Subject: feat: ddk! Driver toolkit breaking changes.

what:

	- New system calls for CFKit.
	- New DDK API.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h          | 8 ++++----
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c | 8 ++++----
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c         | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h b/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h
index 888219c6..5a8929da 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h
+++ b/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* dat, size_t sz);
 /// @brief add a system call.
 /// @param slot system call slot id.
 /// @param slotFn, syscall slot.
-DDK_EXTERN void ke_add_syscall(const int32_t slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0));
+DDK_EXTERN void ke_set_syscall(const int32_t slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0));
 
 /// @brief Allocates an heap ptr.
 /// @param sz size of the allocated struct/type.
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* na
 DDK_EXTERN void* ke_set_obj(const int32_t slot, const struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ddk_pr);
 
 /// @brief The highest API version of the DDK.
-DDK_EXTERN int32_t kApiVersionHighest;
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersionHighest;
 
 /// @brief The lowest API version of the DDK.
-DDK_EXTERN int32_t kApiVersionLowest;
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersionLowest;
 
 /// @brief API version in BCD.
-DDK_EXTERN int32_t kApiVersion;
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersion;
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
index b5c494f7..10f31e18 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz) {
 /// @brief Add system call.
 /// @param slot system call slot
 /// @param slotFn, syscall slot.
-DDK_EXTERN void ke_add_syscall(const int slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0)) {
-  ke_call("ke_add_syscall", slot, slotFn, 1);
+DDK_EXTERN void ke_set_syscall(const int slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0)) {
+  ke_call("ke_set_syscall", slot, slotFn, 1);
 }
 
 /// @brief Get a Kernel object.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ DDK_EXTERN void ke_add_syscall(const int slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0)) {
 /// @return Object manifest.
 DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* name) {
   struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* manifest =
-      (struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST*) ke_call("cf_get_kobj", slot, (void*) name, 1);
+      (struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST*) ke_call("cfkit_get_kobj", slot, (void*) name, 1);
 
   if (!manifest) return nil;
 
@@ -52,5 +52,5 @@ DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* na
 /// @param ddk_pr pointer to a object's DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST.
 /// @return property's object.
 DDK_EXTERN void* ke_set_obj(const int slot, const struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ddk_pr) {
-  return ke_call("cf_set_kobj", slot, (void*) ddk_pr, 1);
+  return ke_call("cfkit_set_kobj", slot, (void*) ddk_pr, 1);
 }
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
index b2370b23..41c6c612 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@
 #define kDDKVersion 1
 #endif  // !kDDKVersion
 
-int32_t kApiVersionHighest = kDDKVersionHighest;
-int32_t kApiVersionLowest  = kDDKVersionLowest;
-int32_t kApiVersion        = kDDKVersion;
+uint32_t kApiVersionHighest = kDDKVersionHighest;
+uint32_t kApiVersionLowest  = kDDKVersionLowest;
+uint32_t kApiVersion        = kDDKVersion;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c896d07fec6d949328a4ef09a80c47fe6f682e67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 0xf00sec <159052166+0xf00sec@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 15:41:43 +0300
Subject: feat(libSystem): implement memory ops with alignment & overlap
 handling

---
 dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc | 167 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 92 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
index 71eebc62..83569b6f 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
+++ b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h>
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
 
-/// @file SystemAPI.cc
-/// @brief System wide API for NeKernel.
-
 namespace Detail {
   template<typename T>
   inline VoidPtr safe_void_cast(const T* ptr) {
@@ -17,33 +14,67 @@ namespace Detail {
   }
 }
 
+// memmove-style copy
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {
-  if (!len || !dest || !src) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  auto src_bytes = static_cast<const UInt8*>(src);
-  auto dst_bytes = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
-  
-  if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && 
-      (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(src) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0 &&
-      (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(dest) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0) {
-    
-    auto src_words = static_cast<const UInt64*>(src);
-    auto dst_words = static_cast<UInt64*>(dest);
-    SizeT word_count = len / sizeof(UInt64);
-    
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < word_count; ++i) {
-      dst_words[i] = src_words[i];
-    }
-    
-    SizeT remaining = len % sizeof(UInt64);
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < remaining; ++i) {
-      dst_bytes[len - remaining + i] = src_bytes[len - remaining + i];
+  // handles overlap, prefers 64-bit word copies when aligned 
+  if (!len || !dest || !src) return nullptr;
+
+  auto s = static_cast<const UInt8*>(src);
+  auto d = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
+
+  if (d == s) return dest;
+
+  // decide direction
+  if (d > s && d < s + len) {
+    const UInt8* rs = s + len;
+    UInt8* rd = d + len;
+
+    // try 64-bit aligned backward copy
+    if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) &&
+        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rs) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&
+        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rd) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {
+
+      auto rsw = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(rs);
+      auto rdw = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(rd);
+      SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+        rdw[-1 - static_cast<SizeT>(i)] = rsw[-1 - static_cast<SizeT>(i)];
+      }
+
+      SizeT rem = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+        rd[-1 - i] = rs[-1 - i];
+      }
+    } else {
+      // byte-wise backward
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        rd[-1 - i] = rs[-1 - i];
+      }
     }
   } else {
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-      dst_bytes[i] = src_bytes[i];
+    // try 64-bit aligned forward copy
+    if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) &&
+        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(s) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&
+        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(d) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {
+
+      auto sw = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(s);
+      auto dw = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(d);
+      SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+        dw[i] = sw[i];
+      }
+
+      SizeT rem = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+      const SizeT offset = words * sizeof(UInt64);
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+        d[offset + i] = s[offset + i];
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        d[i] = s[i];
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -51,46 +82,38 @@ IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input Si
 }
 
 IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {
+  // strlen via pointer walk
   if (!in) return 0;
-
-  SizeT len = 0;
-  
-  while (in[len] != '\0') {
-    ++len;
-  }
-
-  return static_cast<SInt64>(len);
+  const Char* p = in;
+  while (*p) ++p;
+  return static_cast<SInt64>(p - in);
 }
 
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt8 value) {
-  if (!len || !dest) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
+  if (!len || !dest) return nullptr;
+
+  auto d = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
 
-  auto dst_bytes = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
-  
-  if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(dest) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0) {
-    // 64-bit pattern
+  if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(d) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0) {
     UInt64 pattern = static_cast<UInt64>(value);
     pattern |= (pattern << 8);
     pattern |= (pattern << 16);
     pattern |= (pattern << 32);
-    
-    auto dst_words = static_cast<UInt64*>(dest);
-    SizeT word_count = len / sizeof(UInt64);
-    
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < word_count; ++i) {
-      dst_words[i] = pattern;
+
+    auto dw = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(d);
+    SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+      dw[i] = pattern;
     }
-    
-    SizeT remaining = len % sizeof(UInt64);
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < remaining; ++i) {
-      dst_bytes[len - remaining + i] = value;
+
+    SizeT rem = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+    const SizeT offset = words * sizeof(UInt64);
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+      d[offset + i] = value;
     }
   } else {
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-      dst_bytes[i] = value;
-    }
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) d[i] = value;
   }
 
   return dest;
@@ -109,13 +132,11 @@ IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
 
 IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
   auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(
-      SYSCALL_HASH("IoSeekFile"), 
-      static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc), 
+      SYSCALL_HASH("IoSeekFile"),
+      static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
       reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
 
-  if (!ret_ptr) {
-    return ~0UL;  
-  }
+  if (!ret_ptr) return ~0UL;
 
   auto ret = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
   UInt64 result = *ret;
@@ -126,31 +147,27 @@ IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
 IMPORT_C UInt64 IoTellFile(_Input Ref desc) {
   auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoTellFile"),
                                       static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
-  
-  if (!ret_ptr) {
-    return ~0UL; 
-  }
-  
+  if (!ret_ptr) return ~0UL;
   auto ret = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
   return *ret;
 }
 
 IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const char* fmt, ...) {
+  constexpr SizeT BUF_SZ = 1024;
+  char buf[BUF_SZ];
+
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
+  int needed = vsnprintf(buf, BUF_SZ, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
 
-  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_4(
-      SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"), 
+  // if truncated, `needed` >= BUF_SZ; we still send truncated buffer
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(
+      SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"),
       static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
-      Detail::safe_void_cast(fmt), 
-      static_cast<VoidPtr>(&args));
+      Detail::safe_void_cast(buf));
 
-  va_end(args);
-  
-  if (!ret_ptr) {
-    return -1;  
-  }
-  
+  if (!ret_ptr) return -1;
   auto ret = static_cast<const volatile SInt32*>(ret_ptr);
   return *ret;
 }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 73e85b95355f56081a8a83e29b4ba6005bf163b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 23:00:00 +0200
Subject: feat(libSystem): improved 'PrintOut' to use 'StrFmt' instead of
 stdc's string format.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h |   8 +-
 dev/libSystem/src/System.cc      | 173 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc | 180 ---------------------------------------
 3 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 184 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 dev/libSystem/src/System.cc
 delete mode 100644 dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h
index 421868ae..f46fe523 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ Purpose: System Call Interface.
 
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h>
 
+/// @brief TTY device path.
+#define kPrintDevicePath "/devices/tty{}"
+#define kCDDevicePath "/devices/dvd{}"
+
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ //
 /// @brief Types API.
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ //
@@ -309,8 +313,6 @@ IMPORT_C SInt32 PwrSendCode(_Output SInt32& code);
 // CD-ROM API.
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ //
 
-#define kCDDevicePath "/devices/dvd{}"
-
 IMPORT_C IORef CdOpenTray(Void);
 
 IMPORT_C SInt32 CdEjectDrive(_Input IORef cdrom);
@@ -321,8 +323,6 @@ IMPORT_C SInt32 CdCloseTray(Void);
 // TTY API.
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ //
 
-#define kPrintDevicePath "/devices/tty{}"
-
 IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(IORef file /* nullptr to direct to stdout */, const Char* fmt, ...);
 
 IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintIn(IORef file /* nullptr to direct to stdout */, const Char* fmt, ...);
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3870ff18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Err.h>
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h>
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+
+namespace Detail {
+template <typename T>
+static VoidPtr safe_void_cast(const T* ptr) {
+  _rtl_assert(ptr, "safe void cast failed!");
+  return static_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<T*>(ptr));
+}
+}  // namespace Detail
+
+IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {
+  if (!expr) {
+    PrintOut(nullptr, "Assertion failed: %s\r", origin);
+    libsys_syscall_arg_1(SYSCALL_HASH("_rtl_debug_break"));
+  }
+}
+
+// memmove-style copy
+IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {
+  // handles overlap, prefers 64-bit word copies when aligned
+  if (!len || !dest || !src) return nullptr;
+
+  auto s = static_cast<const UInt8*>(src);
+  auto d = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
+
+  if (d == s) return dest;
+
+  // decide direction
+  if (d > s && d < s + len) {
+    const UInt8* rs = s + len;
+    UInt8*       rd = d + len;
+
+    // try 64-bit aligned backward copy
+    if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rs) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&
+        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rd) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {
+      auto  rsw   = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(rs);
+      auto  rdw   = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(rd);
+      SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+        rdw[-1 - static_cast<SizeT>(i)] = rsw[-1 - static_cast<SizeT>(i)];
+      }
+
+      SizeT rem = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+        rd[-1 - i] = rs[-1 - i];
+      }
+    } else {
+      // byte-wise backward
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        rd[-1 - i] = rs[-1 - i];
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // try 64-bit aligned forward copy
+    if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(s) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&
+        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(d) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {
+      auto  sw    = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(s);
+      auto  dw    = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(d);
+      SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+        dw[i] = sw[i];
+      }
+
+      SizeT       rem    = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+      const SizeT offset = words * sizeof(UInt64);
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+        d[offset + i] = s[offset + i];
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        d[i] = s[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {
+  // strlen via pointer walk
+  if (!in) return 0;
+  const Char* p = in;
+  while (*p) ++p;
+  return static_cast<SInt64>(p - in);
+}
+
+IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt8 value) {
+  if (!len || !dest) return nullptr;
+
+  auto d = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
+
+  if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(d) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0) {
+    UInt64 pattern = static_cast<UInt64>(value);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 8);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 16);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 32);
+
+    auto  dw    = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(d);
+    SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+      dw[i] = pattern;
+    }
+
+    SizeT       rem    = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+    const SizeT offset = words * sizeof(UInt64);
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+      d[offset + i] = value;
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) d[i] = value;
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter) {
+  return static_cast<Ref>(libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("IoOpenFile"),
+                                               Detail::safe_void_cast(path),
+                                               Detail::safe_void_cast(drv_letter)));
+}
+
+IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
+  libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoCloseFile"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
+}
+
+IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("IoSeekFile"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
+                                      reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
+
+  if (!ret_ptr) return ~0UL;
+
+  auto   ret    = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
+  UInt64 result = *ret;
+  MUST_PASS(result != ~0UL);
+  return result;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C UInt64 IoTellFile(_Input Ref desc) {
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoTellFile"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
+  if (!ret_ptr) return ~0UL;
+  auto ret = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
+  return *ret;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const Char* fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+
+  auto buf = StrFmt(fmt, args);
+
+  va_end(args);
+
+  // if truncated, `needed` >= kBufferSz; we still send truncated buffer
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
+                                      Detail::safe_void_cast(buf));
+
+  if (!ret_ptr) return -kErrorInvalidData;
+
+  auto ret = static_cast<const volatile SInt32*>(ret_ptr);
+
+  return *ret;
+}
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 83569b6f..00000000
--- a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemCalls.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h>
-#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
-
-namespace Detail {
-  template<typename T>
-  inline VoidPtr safe_void_cast(const T* ptr) {
-    return const_cast<VoidPtr>(static_cast<const VoidPtr>(ptr));
-  }
-}
-
-// memmove-style copy
-IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {
-  // handles overlap, prefers 64-bit word copies when aligned 
-  if (!len || !dest || !src) return nullptr;
-
-  auto s = static_cast<const UInt8*>(src);
-  auto d = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
-
-  if (d == s) return dest;
-
-  // decide direction
-  if (d > s && d < s + len) {
-    const UInt8* rs = s + len;
-    UInt8* rd = d + len;
-
-    // try 64-bit aligned backward copy
-    if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) &&
-        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rs) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&
-        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rd) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {
-
-      auto rsw = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(rs);
-      auto rdw = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(rd);
-      SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
-
-      for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
-        rdw[-1 - static_cast<SizeT>(i)] = rsw[-1 - static_cast<SizeT>(i)];
-      }
-
-      SizeT rem = len % sizeof(UInt64);
-      for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
-        rd[-1 - i] = rs[-1 - i];
-      }
-    } else {
-      // byte-wise backward
-      for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-        rd[-1 - i] = rs[-1 - i];
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    // try 64-bit aligned forward copy
-    if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) &&
-        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(s) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&
-        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(d) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {
-
-      auto sw = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(s);
-      auto dw = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(d);
-      SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
-
-      for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
-        dw[i] = sw[i];
-      }
-
-      SizeT rem = len % sizeof(UInt64);
-      const SizeT offset = words * sizeof(UInt64);
-      for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
-        d[offset + i] = s[offset + i];
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-        d[i] = s[i];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return dest;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {
-  // strlen via pointer walk
-  if (!in) return 0;
-  const Char* p = in;
-  while (*p) ++p;
-  return static_cast<SInt64>(p - in);
-}
-
-IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt8 value) {
-  if (!len || !dest) return nullptr;
-
-  auto d = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
-
-  if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(d) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0) {
-    UInt64 pattern = static_cast<UInt64>(value);
-    pattern |= (pattern << 8);
-    pattern |= (pattern << 16);
-    pattern |= (pattern << 32);
-
-    auto dw = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(d);
-    SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
-
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
-      dw[i] = pattern;
-    }
-
-    SizeT rem = len % sizeof(UInt64);
-    const SizeT offset = words * sizeof(UInt64);
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
-      d[offset + i] = value;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) d[i] = value;
-  }
-
-  return dest;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter) {
-  return static_cast<Ref>(libsys_syscall_arg_3(
-      SYSCALL_HASH("IoOpenFile"),
-      Detail::safe_void_cast(path),
-      Detail::safe_void_cast(drv_letter)));
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoCloseFile"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
-}
-
-IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
-  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(
-      SYSCALL_HASH("IoSeekFile"),
-      static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
-      reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
-
-  if (!ret_ptr) return ~0UL;
-
-  auto ret = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
-  UInt64 result = *ret;
-  MUST_PASS(result != ~0UL);
-  return result;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C UInt64 IoTellFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoTellFile"),
-                                      static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
-  if (!ret_ptr) return ~0UL;
-  auto ret = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
-  return *ret;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const char* fmt, ...) {
-  constexpr SizeT BUF_SZ = 1024;
-  char buf[BUF_SZ];
-
-  va_list args;
-  va_start(args, fmt);
-  int needed = vsnprintf(buf, BUF_SZ, fmt, args);
-  va_end(args);
-
-  // if truncated, `needed` >= BUF_SZ; we still send truncated buffer
-  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(
-      SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"),
-      static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
-      Detail::safe_void_cast(buf));
-
-  if (!ret_ptr) return -1;
-  auto ret = static_cast<const volatile SInt32*>(ret_ptr);
-  return *ret;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {
-  if (!expr) {
-    PrintOut(nullptr, "Assertion failed: %s\r", origin);
-    libsys_syscall_arg_1(SYSCALL_HASH("_rtl_debug_break"));
-  }
-}
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f3c12b72db9e6983741c0d79fd7f8903c23d93d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2025 09:38:55 +0200
Subject: feat: Semaphore API has been documented, RTL driver improvements, and
 better help for fsck.hefs.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 .../HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc  | 30 +++++++++++++++-------
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h                   |  5 ++--
 tools/fsck.hefs.cc                                 |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
index 3ccbfa24..bf0731c6 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ using namespace Kernel::HAL;
 
 STATIC UInt16 kRTLIOBase = 0xFFFF;
 
-STATIC BOOL kTXEnabled = NO;
-
-STATIC UInt32 kRXOffset = 0UL;
+STATIC BOOL kTXRXEnabled = NO;
 
+STATIC UInt32                 kRXOffset     = 0UL;
 STATIC constexpr CONST UInt32 kRXBufferSize = 8192 + 16 + 1500;
 
 STATIC UInt8* kRXUpperLayer = nullptr;
@@ -26,8 +25,8 @@ STATIC UInt8* kRXBuffer     = nullptr;
 ///@brief RTL8139 Init routine.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-EXTERN_C Void rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
-  if (kTXEnabled) return;
+EXTERN_C BOOL rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
+  if (kTXRXEnabled) return NO;
 
   kRTLIOBase = io_base;
 
@@ -49,8 +48,7 @@ EXTERN_C Void rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
   }
 
   if (timeout <= 0x1000) {
-    ke_panic(RUNTIME_CHECK_BAD_BEHAVIOR, "RTL8139: Reset failed");
-    return;
+    return NO;
   }
 
   rt_out32(io_base + 0x30, (UInt32) (UIntPtr) kRXBuffer);
@@ -61,7 +59,9 @@ EXTERN_C Void rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
 
   rt_out16(io_base + 0x3C, 0x0005);
 
-  kTXEnabled = YES;
+  kTXRXEnabled = YES;
+
+  return YES;
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ EXTERN_C Void rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
 /// @note This function is called when the device interrupts to retrieve network data.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-EXTERN_C void rtl_rtl8139_interrupt_handler() {
+EXTERN_C Void rtl_rtl8139_interrupt_handler(UIntPtr rsp) {
   if (kRTLIOBase == 0xFFFF) return;
 
   UInt16 status = rt_in16(kRTLIOBase + 0x3E);
@@ -111,4 +111,16 @@ EXTERN_C void rtl_rtl8139_interrupt_handler() {
 
 EXTERN_C UInt8* rtl_rtl8139_get_upper_layer() {
   return kRXUpperLayer;
+}
+
+/***********************************************************************************/
+/// @brief RTL8139 set upper layer function
+/// @param layer the upper layer.
+/***********************************************************************************/
+
+EXTERN_C BOOL rtl_rtl8139_set_upper_layer(UInt8* layer) {
+  if (!layer) return NO;
+  kRXUpperLayer = layer;
+
+  return YES;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index 705d9f18..f73f36ed 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_release(SemaphoreArr& sem) {
 }
 
 /// @brief Initializes the semaphore with an owner and a count of zero.
-/// @param sem
-/// @param owner
+/// @param sem the semaphore array to use.
+/// @param owner the owner to set, could be anything identifitable.
 /// @return
 inline BOOL rtl_sem_acquire(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner) {
   if (!owner) {
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ inline BOOL rtl_sem_acquire(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner) {
 /// @brief Waits for the semaphore to be available, blocking until it is.
 /// @param sem
 /// @param timeout
+/// @param condition condition pointer.
 /// @return
 inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout,
                          BOOL* condition = nullptr) {
diff --git a/tools/fsck.hefs.cc b/tools/fsck.hefs.cc
index 5a41cec2..eb6a66d8 100644
--- a/tools/fsck.hefs.cc
+++ b/tools/fsck.hefs.cc
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ static uint16_t kNumericalBase = 10;
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   if (argc < 2) {
-    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: usage: fsck.hefs -i=<input_device>" << "\n";
+    mkfs::console_out() << "fsck: hefs: usage: fsck.hefs -i=<input_device> -o=<origin>" << "\n";
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 621310537c26e8ac0fb3c0d2e38aaa12e3945eec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2025 19:35:27 +0200
Subject: feat! abi! Breaking ABI changes in the PEF format!

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h   | 1 +
 dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
index ed6fc423..f306c52e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ typedef struct PEFCommandHeader final {
   UInt32  Flags;             /* container flags */
   UInt16  Kind;              /* container kind */
   UIntPtr Offset;            /* content offset */
+  SizeT   OffsetSize;        /* offset size (physical size inside the file) */
   UIntPtr VMAddress;         /* Virtual Address */
   SizeT   VMSize;            /* Virtual Size */
 } PACKED PEFCommandHeader;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index 3cbc4faa..c0caeb5b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
 
   PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
 
-  if (container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
+  if (container->Abi == kPefAbi &&
+      container->Count >=
+          3) { /* if same ABI, AND: .text, .bss, .data (or at least similar) exists */
     if (container->Cpu == Detail::ldr_get_platform() && container->Magic[0] == kPefMagic[0] &&
         container->Magic[1] == kPefMagic[1] && container->Magic[2] == kPefMagic[2] &&
         container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[4]) {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d720fa31aaf728b63c95575843f42a575c63765f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2025 16:06:38 +0200
Subject: feat: DmaPool: remove useless casts and increment size if zero.

feat: Generic+Basic+RTL8139: fix warning on rsp.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h                              | 11 ++++++++---
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc |  7 +++++--
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h b/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
index ada8299e..db12eb25 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
@@ -23,7 +23,12 @@
 #define kNeDMAPoolSize (0x1000000)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __GNUC__
 #define kNeDMABestAlign __BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT__
+#else
+#define kNeDMABestAlign (8)
+#endif
+
 
 namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief DMA pool base pointer, here we're sure that AHCI or whatever tricky standard sees it.
@@ -37,7 +42,7 @@ inline const UInt8* kDmaPoolEnd = (UInt8*) (kNeDMAPoolStart + kNeDMAPoolSize);
 /***********************************************************************************/
 inline VoidPtr rtl_dma_alloc(SizeT size, SizeT align) {
   if (!size) {
-    return nullptr;
+    ++size;
   }
 
   /// Check alignement according to architecture.
@@ -69,7 +74,7 @@ inline VoidPtr rtl_dma_alloc(SizeT size, SizeT align) {
 inline Void rtl_dma_free(SizeT size) {
   if (!size) return;
 
-  auto ptr = (UInt8*) (kDmaPoolPtr - size);
+  auto ptr = (kDmaPoolPtr - size);
 
   if (!ptr || ptr < (UInt8*) kNeDMAPoolStart) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorDmaExhausted;
@@ -98,4 +103,4 @@ inline Void rtl_dma_flush(VoidPtr ptr, SizeT size_buffer) {
     HAL::mm_memory_fence((VoidPtr) ((UInt8*) ptr + buf_idx));
   }
 }
-}  // namespace Kernel
\ No newline at end of file
+}  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
index bf0731c6..be27915a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
@@ -66,11 +66,14 @@ EXTERN_C BOOL rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief RTL8139 I/O interrupt handler.
+/// @param rsp stack pointer.
 /// @note This function is called when the device interrupts to retrieve network data.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 EXTERN_C Void rtl_rtl8139_interrupt_handler(UIntPtr rsp) {
-  if (kRTLIOBase == 0xFFFF) return;
+  if (kRTLIOBase == 0xFFFF || kRTLIOBase == 0) return;
+
+  NE_UNUSED(rsp);
 
   UInt16 status = rt_in16(kRTLIOBase + 0x3E);
   rt_out16(kRTLIOBase + 0x3E, status);
@@ -123,4 +126,4 @@ EXTERN_C BOOL rtl_rtl8139_set_upper_layer(UInt8* layer) {
   kRXUpperLayer = layer;
 
   return YES;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bb432453ab609ca7e8dc8e991775329d10a29e7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2025 23:56:41 +0200
Subject: feat! Breaking changes in the DDK.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h                               | 74 ----------------------
 dev/ddk/DDKKit/dev.h                               | 36 -----------
 dev/ddk/DDKKit/io.h                                | 18 ------
 dev/ddk/DDKKit/macros.h                            | 48 --------------
 dev/ddk/DDKKit/net.h                               | 16 -----
 dev/ddk/DDKKit/str.h                               | 17 -----
 dev/ddk/DriverKit/ddk.h                            | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 dev/ddk/DriverKit/dev.h                            | 36 +++++++++++
 dev/ddk/DriverKit/io.h                             | 18 ++++++
 dev/ddk/DriverKit/macros.h                         | 48 ++++++++++++++
 dev/ddk/DriverKit/net.h                            | 16 +++++
 dev/ddk/DriverKit/str.h                            | 17 +++++
 dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md                  |  2 +-
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_abi_cxx.cc                         | 27 ++++++++
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c                            |  6 +-
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c                              |  8 +--
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c                               |  4 +-
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c                      | 23 +++----
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S             |  4 +-
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_rt_cxx.cc                          | 25 --------
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c                              |  4 +-
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c                              |  4 +-
 dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h                        |  1 -
 dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc |  4 +-
 dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md       |  2 +-
 25 files changed, 267 insertions(+), 265 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/ddk/DDKKit/dev.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/ddk/DDKKit/io.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/ddk/DDKKit/macros.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/ddk/DDKKit/net.h
 delete mode 100644 dev/ddk/DDKKit/str.h
 create mode 100644 dev/ddk/DriverKit/ddk.h
 create mode 100644 dev/ddk/DriverKit/dev.h
 create mode 100644 dev/ddk/DriverKit/io.h
 create mode 100644 dev/ddk/DriverKit/macros.h
 create mode 100644 dev/ddk/DriverKit/net.h
 create mode 100644 dev/ddk/DriverKit/str.h
 create mode 100644 dev/ddk/src/ddk_abi_cxx.cc
 delete mode 100644 dev/ddk/src/ddk_rt_cxx.cc

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h b/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a8929da..00000000
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
-
-  FILE: ddk.h
-  PURPOSE: DDK Driver model base header.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <DDKKit/macros.h>
-
-struct DDK_STATUS_STRUCT;
-struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST;
-
-/// \brief Object handle manifest.
-struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST DDK_FINAL {
-  char*   p_name;
-  int32_t p_kind;
-  void*   p_object;
-};
-
-/// \brief DDK status ping structure.
-struct DDK_STATUS_STRUCT DDK_FINAL {
-  int32_t                     s_action_id;
-  int32_t                     s_issuer_id;
-  int32_t                     s_group_id;
-  struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* s_object;
-};
-
-/// @brief Call Kernel procedure.
-/// @param name the procedure name.
-/// @param cnt number of elements in **dat**
-/// @param dat data argument pointer.
-/// @param sz sz of whole data argument pointer.
-/// @return result of call
-DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* dat, size_t sz);
-
-/// @brief add a system call.
-/// @param slot system call slot id.
-/// @param slotFn, syscall slot.
-DDK_EXTERN void ke_set_syscall(const int32_t slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0));
-
-/// @brief Allocates an heap ptr.
-/// @param sz size of the allocated struct/type.
-/// @return the pointer allocated or **nil**.
-DDK_EXTERN void* kalloc(size_t sz);
-
-/// @brief Frees an heap ptr.
-/// @param pointer kernel pointer to free.
-DDK_EXTERN void kfree(void* the_ptr);
-
-/// @brief Gets a Kernel object.
-/// @param slot object id (can be 0)
-/// @param name the property's name.
-/// @return DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST.
-DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* name);
-
-/// @brief Set a Kernel object.
-/// @param slot object id (can be 0)
-/// @param name the property's name.
-/// @param ddk_pr pointer to a object's DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST.
-/// @return returned object.
-DDK_EXTERN void* ke_set_obj(const int32_t slot, const struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ddk_pr);
-
-/// @brief The highest API version of the DDK.
-DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersionHighest;
-
-/// @brief The lowest API version of the DDK.
-DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersionLowest;
-
-/// @brief API version in BCD.
-DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersion;
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/dev.h b/dev/ddk/DDKKit/dev.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 59fb48b5..00000000
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/dev.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
-
-  File: dev.h
-  Purpose: DDK device support.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
-
-struct _DDK_DEVICE;
-
-#define DDK_DEVICE_NAME_LEN (255)
-
-/// @brief Kernel Device driver.
-typedef struct _DDK_DEVICE DDK_FINAL {
-  char d_name[DDK_DEVICE_NAME_LEN];     // the device name. Could be /./DEVICE_NAME/
-  void* (*d_read)(void* arg, int len);  // read from device.
-  void (*d_write)(void* arg, int len);
-  void (*d_wait)(void);                             // write to device.
-  struct _DDK_DEVICE* (*d_open)(const char* path);  // open device.
-  void (*d_close)(struct _DDK_DEVICE* dev);         // close device.
-  void (*d_seek)(struct _DDK_DEVICE* dev, size_t off);
-  size_t (*d_tell)(struct _DDK_DEVICE* dev);
-} DDK_DEVICE, *DDK_DEVICE_PTR;
-
-/// @brief Open a new device from path.
-/// @param path the device's path.
-DDK_EXTERN DDK_DEVICE_PTR open(const char* path);
-
-/// @brief Close any device.
-/// @param device valid device.
-DDK_EXTERN BOOL close(DDK_DEVICE_PTR device);
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/io.h b/dev/ddk/DDKKit/io.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 28396608..00000000
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/io.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
-
-  Purpose: DDK Text I/O.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <DDKKit/str.h>
-
-/// @brief print character into UART.
-DDK_EXTERN void kputc(const char ch);
-
-/// @brief print string to UART.
-/// @param message string to transmit to UART.
-DDK_EXTERN void kprint(const char* message);
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/macros.h b/dev/ddk/DDKKit/macros.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b7b3d50..00000000
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/macros.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright 2025 Amlal El Mahrouss.
-
-  FILE: ddk.h
-  PURPOSE: DDK Driver model base header.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-#define BOOL bool
-#define YES true
-#define NO false
-#define DDK_EXTERN extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
-#define nil nullptr
-#undef NULL
-#define NULL 0
-#define DDK_FINAL final
-#else
-#define BOOL char
-#define YES 1
-#define NO 0
-#define DDK_EXTERN extern __declspec(dllexport)
-#define nil ((void*) 0)
-#undef NULL
-#define NULL ((void*) 0)
-#define DDK_FINAL
-#endif  // defined(__cplusplus)
-
-#ifndef __DDK__
-#undef DDK_EXTERN
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-#define DDK_EXTERN extern "C" __declspec(dllimport)
-#else
-#define DDK_EXTERN __declspec(dllimport)
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#define ATTRIBUTE(X) __attribute__((X))
-
-#ifndef __NEOSKRNL__
-#error !!! Do not include header in EL0/Ring 3 mode !!!
-#endif  // __NEOSKRNL__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/net.h b/dev/ddk/DDKKit/net.h
deleted file mode 100644
index ea85dee7..00000000
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/net.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
-
-  FILE: net.h
-  PURPOSE: Network model base header.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <DDKKit/macros.h>
-
-struct DDK_NET_MANIFEST;
-
-/// @brief IFS hooks to plug into the FileMgr.
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/str.h b/dev/ddk/DDKKit/str.h
deleted file mode 100644
index fbf6506d..00000000
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/str.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
-
-  Purpose: DDK Strings.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
-
-/// @brief DDK equivalent of POSIX's string.h
-/// @file str.h
-
-DDK_EXTERN size_t kstrlen(const char* in);
-DDK_EXTERN int    kstrncpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t len);
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DriverKit/ddk.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/ddk.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..254137f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/ddk.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
+
+  FILE: ddk.h
+  PURPOSE: DDK Driver model base header.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <DriverKit/macros.h>
+
+struct DDK_STATUS_STRUCT;
+struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST;
+
+/// \brief Object handle manifest.
+struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST DDK_FINAL {
+  char*   p_name;
+  int32_t p_kind;
+  void*   p_object;
+};
+
+/// \brief DDK status ping structure.
+struct DDK_STATUS_STRUCT DDK_FINAL {
+  int32_t                     s_action_id;
+  int32_t                     s_issuer_id;
+  int32_t                     s_group_id;
+  struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* s_object;
+};
+
+/// @brief Call Kernel procedure.
+/// @param name the procedure name.
+/// @param cnt number of elements in **dat**
+/// @param dat data argument pointer.
+/// @param sz sz of whole data argument pointer.
+/// @return result of call
+DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* dat, size_t sz);
+
+/// @brief add a system call.
+/// @param slot system call slot id.
+/// @param slotFn, syscall slot.
+DDK_EXTERN void ke_set_syscall(const int32_t slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0));
+
+/// @brief Allocates an heap ptr.
+/// @param sz size of the allocated struct/type.
+/// @return the pointer allocated or **nil**.
+DDK_EXTERN void* kalloc(size_t sz);
+
+/// @brief Frees an heap ptr.
+/// @param pointer kernel pointer to free.
+DDK_EXTERN void kfree(void* the_ptr);
+
+/// @brief Gets a Kernel object.
+/// @param slot object id (can be 0)
+/// @param name the property's name.
+/// @return DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST.
+DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* name);
+
+/// @brief Set a Kernel object.
+/// @param slot object id (can be 0)
+/// @param name the property's name.
+/// @param ddk_pr pointer to a object's DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST.
+/// @return returned object.
+DDK_EXTERN void* ke_set_obj(const int32_t slot, const struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ddk_pr);
+
+/// @brief The highest API version of the DDK.
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersionHighest;
+
+/// @brief The lowest API version of the DDK.
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersionLowest;
+
+/// @brief API version in BCD.
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersion;
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DriverKit/dev.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/dev.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..adb1c1d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/dev.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
+
+  File: dev.h
+  Purpose: DDK device support.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
+
+struct _DDK_DEVICE;
+
+#define DDK_DEVICE_NAME_LEN (255)
+
+/// @brief Kernel Device driver.
+typedef struct _DDK_DEVICE DDK_FINAL {
+  char d_name[DDK_DEVICE_NAME_LEN];     // the device name. Could be /./DEVICE_NAME/
+  void* (*d_read)(void* arg, int len);  // read from device.
+  void (*d_write)(void* arg, int len);
+  void (*d_wait)(void);                             // write to device.
+  struct _DDK_DEVICE* (*d_open)(const char* path);  // open device.
+  void (*d_close)(struct _DDK_DEVICE* dev);         // close device.
+  void (*d_seek)(struct _DDK_DEVICE* dev, size_t off);
+  size_t (*d_tell)(struct _DDK_DEVICE* dev);
+} DDK_DEVICE, *DDK_DEVICE_PTR;
+
+/// @brief Open a new device from path.
+/// @param path the device's path.
+DDK_EXTERN DDK_DEVICE_PTR open(const char* path);
+
+/// @brief Close any device.
+/// @param device valid device.
+DDK_EXTERN BOOL close(DDK_DEVICE_PTR device);
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DriverKit/io.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..805696e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
+
+  Purpose: DDK Text I/O.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <DriverKit/str.h>
+
+/// @brief print character into UART.
+DDK_EXTERN void kputc(const char ch);
+
+/// @brief print string to UART.
+/// @param message string to transmit to UART.
+DDK_EXTERN void kprint(const char* message);
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DriverKit/macros.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b7b3d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright 2025 Amlal El Mahrouss.
+
+  FILE: ddk.h
+  PURPOSE: DDK Driver model base header.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#define BOOL bool
+#define YES true
+#define NO false
+#define DDK_EXTERN extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
+#define nil nullptr
+#undef NULL
+#define NULL 0
+#define DDK_FINAL final
+#else
+#define BOOL char
+#define YES 1
+#define NO 0
+#define DDK_EXTERN extern __declspec(dllexport)
+#define nil ((void*) 0)
+#undef NULL
+#define NULL ((void*) 0)
+#define DDK_FINAL
+#endif  // defined(__cplusplus)
+
+#ifndef __DDK__
+#undef DDK_EXTERN
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#define DDK_EXTERN extern "C" __declspec(dllimport)
+#else
+#define DDK_EXTERN __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define ATTRIBUTE(X) __attribute__((X))
+
+#ifndef __NEOSKRNL__
+#error !!! Do not include header in EL0/Ring 3 mode !!!
+#endif  // __NEOSKRNL__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DriverKit/net.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/net.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63f89367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/net.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
+
+  FILE: net.h
+  PURPOSE: Network model base header.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <DriverKit/macros.h>
+
+struct DDK_NET_MANIFEST;
+
+/// @brief IFS hooks to plug into the FileMgr.
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DriverKit/str.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/str.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2c0ce72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/str.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
+
+  Purpose: DDK Strings.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
+
+/// @brief DDK equivalent of POSIX's string.h
+/// @file str.h
+
+DDK_EXTERN size_t kstrlen(const char* in);
+DDK_EXTERN int    kstrncpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t len);
diff --git a/dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md b/dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md
index 57710d1f..d7d333d3 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md
+++ b/dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ===================================
 
 - Programming Language: C/C++
-- Build System: Make/BTB
+- Build System: Make/NeBuild
 - Purpose: Driver Tool Kit, which you link against ddk.sys
 
 ===================================
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_abi_cxx.cc b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_abi_cxx.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc590c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_abi_cxx.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  DDK
+  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
+
+  Author: Amlal El Mahrouss
+  Purpose: DDK C++ ABI.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
+
+void* operator new(size_t sz) {
+  return ::kalloc(sz);
+}
+
+void operator delete(void* ptr) {
+  ::kfree(ptr);
+}
+
+void* operator new[](size_t sz) {
+  return ::kalloc(sz);
+}
+
+void operator delete[](void* ptr) {
+  ::kfree(ptr);
+}
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c
index 0b428b15..08527f4d 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 
 /**
   \brief Allocates a new heap on the Kernel's side.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 DDK_EXTERN void* kalloc(size_t sz) {
   if (!sz) ++sz;
 
-  void* ptr = ke_call("mm_alloc_ptr", 1, &sz, sizeof(size_t));
+  void* ptr = ke_call_dispatch("mm_alloc_ptr", 1, &sz, sizeof(size_t));
 
   return ptr;
 }
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@ DDK_EXTERN void* kalloc(size_t sz) {
 DDK_EXTERN void kfree(void* ptr) {
   if (!ptr) return;
 
-  ke_call("mm_free_ptr", 1, ptr, 0);
+  ke_call_dispatch("mm_free_ptr", 1, ptr, 0);
 }
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c
index 4cd7dcdd..32ec2442 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/dev.h>
-#include <DDKKit/str.h>
+#include <DriverKit/dev.h>
+#include <DriverKit/str.h>
 
 /// @brief Open a new binary device from path.
 DDK_EXTERN DDK_DEVICE_PTR open(const char* devicePath) {
   if (!devicePath) return nil;
 
-  return ke_call("dk_open_dev", 1, (void*) devicePath, kstrlen(devicePath));
+  return ke_call_dispatch("dk_open_dev", 1, (void*) devicePath, kstrlen(devicePath));
 }
 
 /// @brief Close any device.
@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ DDK_EXTERN DDK_DEVICE_PTR open(const char* devicePath) {
 DDK_EXTERN BOOL close(DDK_DEVICE_PTR device) {
   if (!device) return NO;
 
-  ke_call("dk_close_dev", 1, device, sizeof(DDK_DEVICE));
+  ke_call_dispatch("dk_close_dev", 1, device, sizeof(DDK_DEVICE));
   return YES;
 }
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c
index ba6d4e55..c6cdd457 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/io.h>
+#include <DriverKit/io.h>
 
 DDK_EXTERN void kputc(const char ch) {
   char assembled[2] = {0};
   assembled[0]      = ch;
   assembled[1]      = 0;
 
-  ke_call("ke_put_string", 1, assembled, 1);
+  ke_call_dispatch("ke_put_string", 1, assembled, 1);
 }
 
 /// @brief print string to UART.
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
index 10f31e18..95d2e577 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
@@ -1,36 +1,37 @@
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
+  DDK
   Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
 
-  Purpose: DDK Kernel call.
+  Author: Amlal El Mahrouss
+  Purpose: DDK kernel dispatch system.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
 /// @brief this is an internal call, do not use it.
-DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data,
+DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* __ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data,
                                                    size_t sz);
 
-/// @brief Interupt Kernel and call it's RPC.
+/// @brief Interrupt Kernel and call it's RPC.
 /// @param KernelRpcName RPC name
 /// @param cnt number of elements in **data** pointer.
 /// @param data data pointer.
 /// @param sz The size of the whole data pointer.
 /// @retval void* Kernel call was successful.
 /// @retval nil Kernel call failed, call KernelLastError(void)
-DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz) {
-  if (!name || *name == 0 || cnt == 0) return nil;
-
-  return ke_call_dispatch(name, cnt, data, sz);
+DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz) {
+  if (name == nil || *name == 0 || data == nil || cnt == 0) return nil;
+  return __ke_call_dispatch(name, cnt, data, sz);
 }
 
 /// @brief Add system call.
 /// @param slot system call slot
 /// @param slotFn, syscall slot.
 DDK_EXTERN void ke_set_syscall(const int slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0)) {
-  ke_call("ke_set_syscall", slot, slotFn, 1);
+  ke_call_dispatch("ke_set_syscall", slot, slotFn, 1);
 }
 
 /// @brief Get a Kernel object.
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ DDK_EXTERN void ke_set_syscall(const int slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0)) {
 /// @return Object manifest.
 DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* name) {
   struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* manifest =
-      (struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST*) ke_call("cfkit_get_kobj", slot, (void*) name, 1);
+      (struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST*) ke_call_dispatch("cfkit_get_kobj", slot, (void*) name, 1);
 
   if (!manifest) return nil;
 
@@ -52,5 +53,5 @@ DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* na
 /// @param ddk_pr pointer to a object's DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST.
 /// @return property's object.
 DDK_EXTERN void* ke_set_obj(const int slot, const struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ddk_pr) {
-  return ke_call("cfkit_set_kobj", slot, (void*) ddk_pr, 1);
+  return ke_call_dispatch("cfkit_set_kobj", slot, (void*) ddk_pr, 1);
 }
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
index 9b32d0c2..c66d9d49 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  compiler: gnu
  */
 
-.globl ke_call_dispatch
+.globl __ke_call_dispatch
 
 .text
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #if defined(__DDK_AMD64__)
 
 /* args rcx, rdx, r8, r9 */
-ke_call_dispatch:
+__ke_call_dispatch:
     int $0x33
     ret
 
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_rt_cxx.cc b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_rt_cxx.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d57e2b9..00000000
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_rt_cxx.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
-
-  Purpose: DDK C++ runtime.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
-
-void* operator new(size_t sz) {
-  return ::kalloc(sz);
-}
-
-void operator delete(void* ptr) {
-  ::kfree(ptr);
-}
-
-void* operator new[](size_t sz) {
-  return ::kalloc(sz);
-}
-
-void operator delete[](void* ptr) {
-  ::kfree(ptr);
-}
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c
index d50a5d03..514cddc7 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
   Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
 
-  Purpose: DDK Strings.
+  Purpose: DDK String API.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/str.h>
+#include <DriverKit/str.h>
 
 DDK_EXTERN size_t kstrlen(const char* in) {
   if (in == nil) return 0;
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
index 41c6c612..9be3134e 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
   Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
 
-  Purpose: DDK version symbols.
+  Purpose: DDK version system.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 
 #ifndef kDDKVersionHighest
 #define kDDKVersionHighest 1
diff --git a/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h b/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
index db12eb25..99f43725 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #define kNeDMABestAlign (8)
 #endif
 
-
 namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief DMA pool base pointer, here we're sure that AHCI or whatever tricky standard sees it.
 inline UInt8*       kDmaPoolPtr = (UInt8*) kNeDMAPoolStart;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index 4a667549..64f146f3 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -32,10 +32,9 @@
 #include <modules/ACPI/ACPIFactoryInterface.h>
 #include <modules/CoreGfx/TextGfx.h>
 
-/// @note: _hal_switch_context is internal
-
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+/// @note: _hal_switch_context is internal.
 /// @brief The **HAL** namespace.
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -70,6 +69,7 @@ struct HAL_APIC_MADT final SDT_OBJECT {
   UInt8  List[1];  // Records List
 };
 
+/// @brief Local APIC Descriptor Table.
 struct LAPIC final {
   UInt8  Type;
   UInt8  Length;
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md b/dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md
index b4b11c8c..89f61498 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md
+++ b/dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ===================================
 
 - **Programming Language**: C / C++
-- **Build System**: Make / BTB (Build the Build)
+- **Build System**: Make / NeBuild 
 - **Purpose**: System Call Interface (SCI) for NeKernel
 
 ===================================
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9b9c013aca60c96c50984584873da30b26046b18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2025 09:24:29 +0200
Subject: feat: ddk_kernel_call: update kernel call dispatch documentation.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
index 95d2e577..168672b2 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* __ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t c
                                                    size_t sz);
 
 /// @brief Interrupt Kernel and call it's RPC.
-/// @param KernelRpcName RPC name
+/// @param name RPC name
 /// @param cnt number of elements in **data** pointer.
 /// @param data data pointer.
 /// @param sz The size of the whole data pointer.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 90acc37fd62f7c18c5b19fae2558f042adb4ded2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2025 10:47:10 +0200
Subject: fix! abi! Use FNV instead of direct strings for DDK symbols

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
index 168672b2..1ac0a0aa 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
@@ -12,8 +12,27 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
 /// @brief this is an internal call, do not use it.
-DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* __ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data,
-                                                   size_t sz);
+DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* __ke_call_dispatch(const int32_t name, int32_t cnt, void* data,
+                                                     size_t sz);
+/// @brief This function hashes the path into a FNV symbol.
+/// @param path the path to hash.
+/// @retval 0 symbol wasn't hashed.
+/// @retval > 0 hashed symbol.
+static uint64_t ddk_fnv_64(const char* path) {
+  if (path == nil || *path == 0) return 0;
+
+  const uint64_t kFnvOffsetBase = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
+  const uint64_t kFnvPrime64    = 0x100000001b3ULL;
+
+  uint64_t hash = kFnvOffsetBase;
+
+  while (*path) {
+    hash ^= (char) (*path++);
+    hash *= kFnvPrime64;
+  }
+
+  return hash;
+}
 
 /// @brief Interrupt Kernel and call it's RPC.
 /// @param name RPC name
@@ -24,7 +43,7 @@ DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* __ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t c
 /// @retval nil Kernel call failed, call KernelLastError(void)
 DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz) {
   if (name == nil || *name == 0 || data == nil || cnt == 0) return nil;
-  return __ke_call_dispatch(name, cnt, data, sz);
+  return __ke_call_dispatch(ddk_fnv_64(name), cnt, data, sz);
 }
 
 /// @brief Add system call.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b301047903b79560dce69085fc271a653a1eb4b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:03:56 +0200
Subject: feat: ACPI: Better error handling.

Signed-off-by: Amlal <amlal@nekernel.org>
---
 dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h             | 6 +++---
 dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc | 9 ++++-----
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'dev')

diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
index f306c52e..fd39392e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#ifndef KERNELKIT_PEF_H
-#define KERNELKIT_PEF_H
+#ifndef __KERNELKIT_PEF_H__
+#define __KERNELKIT_PEF_H__
 
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h>
@@ -113,4 +113,4 @@ enum {
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
-#endif /* ifndef KERNELKIT_PEF_H */
+#endif /* ifndef __KERNELKIT_PEF_H__ */
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc b/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
index 8cc11cad..01f30500 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@
 #include <modules/ACPI/ACPIFactoryInterface.h>
 
 namespace Kernel {
-constexpr STATIC const auto kMinACPIVer = 1;
+constexpr STATIC const auto kMinACPIVer = 1U;
 
 /// @brief Finds a descriptor table inside ACPI XSDT.
 ErrorOr<voidPtr> ACPIFactoryInterface::Find(const Char* signature) {
-  MUST_PASS(this->fRsdp);
-
+  if (this->fRsdp) return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
   if (!signature) return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-kErrorInvalidData};
   if (*signature == 0) return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-kErrorInvalidData};
 
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ ErrorOr<voidPtr> ACPIFactoryInterface::Find(const Char* signature) {
   if (num < 1) {
     /// stop here, we should have entries...
     ke_panic(RUNTIME_CHECK_ACPI);
-    return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-1};
+    return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-kErrorInvalidData};
   }
 
   this->fEntries = num;
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ ErrorOr<voidPtr> ACPIFactoryInterface::Find(const Char* signature) {
     }
   }
 
-  return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-1};
+  return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-kErrorInvalidData};
 }
 
 /***
-- 
cgit v1.2.3