From bbccd217b5e9ad1dec7664f7ae058d179768c9e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
Date: Sat, 6 Dec 2025 11:25:13 -0500
Subject: chore: new version of papers WG01 and WG02.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>
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 draft/wg01/cpp_kernel_dev.tex | 165 ------------------------------------------
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-\documentclass{article}
-\usepackage{graphicx}
-\usepackage{listings}
-
-\lstset { %
-    language=C++
-}
-
-\title{WG01: C++ for Kernel Development}
-\author{Amlal El Mahrouss\\NeKernel.org}
-\date{\today}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\maketitle
-
-\section{Abstract}
-{
-Many and most kernels have been shipped using the C programming language.\\
-And some of them like EKA2 uses the C++ programming language. Although notoriously difficult, one may still adapt to those constraints in order to deliver one such operating system kernel. \\
-That is the reason that most production-grade kernels (Linux, XNU, and NT) are mostly written in C. With a higher-level subset in C++. \\
-However, when correctly applying C++ principles to kernel development, one makes the development much more easier to pull off.
-}
-
-\section{The Three Principles of Kernel C++}
-\subsection{Part One: The C++ Runtime}
-{
-The problem mostly lies in the C++ runtime. Which assumes an existing host. A host is the contrary of a freestanding target, that is a program which expects a runtime to be present and linked to the program. \\
-A C++ Kernel may instead make use of compile-time features of C++ alongside a tiny C++ runtime to make sure that no issues arise because of this host/freestanding difference.
-}
-
-\subsection{Part Two: Constexpr and Friends}
-{
-One may avoid v-tables and runtime dependent features as much as possible. \\
-While focusing instead on meta-programming and compile-time features offered by C++. For example one may use templates to implement a scheduling policy algorithm. \\
-One example of such implementation may be: \\
-
-(Keep in mind that the code has not been tested on production systems, use it at your own risk!)
-
-\begin{lstlisting}
-/// Reference Implementation: https://github.com
-/// /nekernel-org/nekernel/blob/stable/src/kernel/
-/// KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h#L51-L76
-/// AND: https://github.com/nekernel-org/nekernel/blob/stable/src/kernel
-/// /KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h#L78-L105
-
-struct FileTree final {
-    static constexpr bool is_virtual_memory = false;
-    static constexpr bool is_memory = false;
-    static constexpr bool is_file = true;
-    /// ...
-};
-
-struct MemoryTree final {
-    static constexpr bool is_virtual_memory = false;
-    static constexpr bool is_memory = true;
-    static constexpr bool is_file = false;
-    /// ...
-};
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-As you can see these two structures
-leverages the `constexpr' keyword to make sure
-no bugs or panic occur at runtime because of a misuse of a system resource. \\
-
-Which is why the constexpr keyword is very powerful here, we avoid the many pitfalls of writing (and hoping) that the C version will be well-thought enough so that we can catch such bugs later.
-
-\subsection{Bonus: Using Concepts and the DDK.}
-{
-This bonus subsection intends to show how properly applied C++\\
-Can solve issues related to driver validation.
-The following example shows how powerful C++ can be when combining it with Device Driver development as well.
-
-\begin{lstlisting}
-/// Reference implementation:
-/// https://github.com/nekernel-org
-/// /nekernel/blob/stable/src/libDDK/DriverKit
-/// /c%2B%2B/driver_base.h
-/// @brief This concept requires the driver 
-/// to be IDriverBase compliant.
-
-template <typename T>
-concept IsValidDriver = requires(T a) {
-  { a.IsActive() && a.Type() > 0 };
-};
-
-/// @brief Consteval helper to detect
-/// whether a template is truly based on IDriverBase.
-/// @note This helper is consteval only.
-template<IsValidDriver T>
-consteval void ce_ddk_is_valid(T) {}
-\end{lstlisting}
-}
-}
-
-\subsection{Part Three: Memory and C++ Classes}
-{
-This last part treats about the final and most important part of this paper so far. Memory. As you may already have known, the C++ language uses a class lookup system (also called v-table) in order to refer to a base method in case if the instance has it missing.
-
-\begin{lstlisting}
-/// Link: https://godbolt.org/z/q3Wceannr
-/// /std:c++20 /Wall
-
-#include <iostream>
-
-class A
-{
-public:
-    explicit A() = default;
-    virtual ~A() = default;
-
-    virtual void doImpl() 
-    {
-        std::cout << "doImpl\n";
-    }
-};
-
-class B : public A
-{
-public:
-    explicit B() = default;
-    ~B() override = default;
-};
-
-int main() {
-    B* callImpl = new B();
-    callImpl->doImpl();
-}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\subsection{Addressing V-Tables in a C++ Kernel.}
-
-Now the problem with kernel development is that we want to avoid such feature as much as possible, and we'd do that by following the Prong on Inheritance:
-
-\subsection{The Three Prongs on Inheritance:}
-
-Consider the following questions:
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item[A:] Is this a protocol/concept that can be extended to other similar protocols/concepts?
-\item[B:] Can I do this without too much trade-off costs?
-\item[C:] Can I do this without using V-Tables?
-\end{itemize}
-}
-
-When 2/3 of those questions fail, you should consider finding another solution to your problem, as it surely has an equivalent without V-Tables.
-
-\section{Final Words and Conclusion}
-{
-We can now conclude that C++ in Kernel Development is indeed possible under strict conditions of C++ Development. \\
-Breaking those conditions would lead to system quirks and instability.
-A reference implementation of this paper exists, It's called NeKernel.org, available under the same internet address. \\
-I am looking forward to any questions or inquiries at: amlal@nekernel.org \\\\Yours truly, \\
-Amlal El Mahrouss
-}
-
-\section{References}
-{
-\begin{itemize}
-    \item[EKA2:] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EKA2
-    \item[NeKernel.org:] https://nekernel.org
-\end{itemize}
-}
-
-\end{document}
-- 
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