Merge pull request #66 from 0xf00sec/patch-2

feat: `T.Value` (ErrorOr.h)

51 files changed, 581 insertions, 353 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 1058abb8..329688e2 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -135,7 +135,10 @@ local.properties
 .externalToolBuilders/
 
 # Locally stored "Eclipse launch configurations"
-*.launch
+# *.launch
+
+# NeKernel Launch
+ne_launch
 
 # PyDev specific (Python IDE for Eclipse)
 *.pydevproject
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e23d92df..299a4656 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ cd nekernel
 
 ## Documentation
 
-- [API Reference (Doxygen)](https://nekernel-org.github.io/doc/)
+- [OpenKnowledge](https://docs.nekernel.org/)
 - [Filesystem Specifications](docs/tex/)
 
 ---
diff --git a/dev/boot/amd64-desktop.make b/dev/boot/amd64-desktop.make
index 443e5677..d8c3fd86 100644
--- a/dev/boot/amd64-desktop.make
+++ b/dev/boot/amd64-desktop.make
@@ -117,15 +117,15 @@ compile-amd64:
 
 .PHONY: run-efi-amd64-ahci
 run-efi-amd64-ahci:
-	$(EMU) $(EMU_FLAGS) -monitor stdio -hda $(IMG) -s -S -boot menu=on
+	$(EMU) $(EMU_FLAGS) -monitor stdio -hda $(IMG) -s -boot menu=on
 
 .PHONY: run-efi-amd64-ata-pio
 run-efi-amd64-ata-pio:
-	$(EMU) $(EMU_FLAGS) -device piix3-ide,id=ide -drive id=disk,file=$(IMG),format=raw,if=none -device ide-hd,drive=disk,bus=ide.0 -s -S -d int -boot menu=on
+	$(EMU) $(EMU_FLAGS) -device piix3-ide,id=ide -drive id=disk,file=$(IMG),format=raw,if=none -device ide-hd,drive=disk,bus=ide.0 -s -d int -boot menu=on
 
 .PHONY: run-efi-amd64-ata-dma
 run-efi-amd64-ata-dma:
-	$(EMU) $(EMU_FLAGS) -device piix4-ide,id=ide -drive id=disk,file=$(IMG),format=raw,if=none -device ide-hd,drive=disk,bus=ide.0 -s -S -boot menu=on
+	$(EMU) $(EMU_FLAGS) -device piix4-ide,id=ide -drive id=disk,file=$(IMG),format=raw,if=none -device ide-hd,drive=disk,bus=ide.0 -s -boot menu=on
 
 .PHONY: run-efi-amd64-ata
 run-efi-amd64-ata: run-efi-amd64-ata-pio
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2+IFS.h b/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2+IFS.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d73ae43c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2+IFS.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <FSKit/Ext2.h>
+#include <KernelKit/DriveMgr.h>
+#include <KernelKit/HeapMgr.h>
+#include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
+#include <NeKit/ErrorOr.h>
+#include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
+#include <NeKit/Utils.h>
+
+namespace Kernel::Ext2 {
+/// @brief Context for an EXT2 filesystem on a given drive
+struct Ext2Context {
+  Kernel::DriveTrait* drive{nullptr};
+  EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*   superblock{nullptr};
+
+  /// @brief context with a drive
+  Ext2Context(Kernel::DriveTrait* drv) : drive(drv) {}
+
+  /// @brief Clean up
+  ~Ext2Context() {
+    if (superblock) {
+      Kernel::mm_free_ptr(superblock);
+      superblock = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Ext2Context(const Ext2Context&) = delete;
+  Ext2Context& operator=(const Ext2Context&) = delete;
+
+  Ext2Context(Ext2Context&& other) noexcept : drive(other.drive), superblock(other.superblock) {
+    other.drive      = nullptr;
+    other.superblock = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  Ext2Context& operator=(Ext2Context&& other) noexcept {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      if (superblock) {
+        Kernel::mm_free_ptr(superblock);
+      }
+      drive            = other.drive;
+      superblock       = other.superblock;
+      other.drive      = nullptr;
+      other.superblock = nullptr;
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  Kernel::SizeT LeakBlockSize() const {
+    if (!superblock) return kExt2FSBlockSizeBase;
+    return kExt2FSBlockSizeBase << superblock->fLogBlockSize;
+  }
+
+  BOOL operator bool() { return superblock != nullptr; }
+};
+
+/// ======================================================================= ///
+/// IFS FUNCTIONS
+/// ======================================================================= ///
+
+inline bool ext2_read_block(Kernel::DriveTrait* drv, Kernel::UInt32 lba, void* buffer,
+                            Kernel::UInt32 size) {
+  if (!drv || !buffer) return false;
+
+  Kernel::DriveTrait::DrivePacket pkt{};
+  pkt.fPacketContent = buffer;
+  pkt.fPacketSize    = size;
+  pkt.fPacketLba     = lba;
+  drv->fInput(pkt);
+
+  return pkt.fPacketGood;
+}
+
+inline bool ext2_write_block(Kernel::DriveTrait* drv, Kernel::UInt32 lba, const void* buffer,
+                             Kernel::UInt32 size) {
+  if (!drv || !buffer) return false;
+
+  Kernel::DriveTrait::DrivePacket pkt{};
+  pkt.fPacketContent = const_cast<void*>(buffer);
+  pkt.fPacketSize    = size;
+  pkt.fPacketLba     = lba;
+  drv->fOutput(pkt);
+  return pkt.fPacketGood;
+}
+
+inline Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*> ext2_load_superblock(Ext2Context* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->drive) return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(Kernel::kErrorInvalidData);
+
+  auto buf = Kernel::mm_alloc_ptr(sizeof(EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK), true, false);
+  if (!buf) return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(Kernel::kErrorHeapOutOfMemory);
+
+  Kernel::UInt32 blockLba = kExt2FSSuperblockOffset / ctx->drive->fSectorSz;
+
+  if (!ext2_read_block(ctx->drive, blockLba, buf, sizeof(EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK))) {
+    Kernel::mm_free_ptr(buf);
+    return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(Kernel::kErrorDisk);
+  }
+
+  auto sb = reinterpret_cast<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(buf);
+  if (sb->fMagic != kExt2FSMagic) {
+    Kernel::mm_free_ptr(buf);
+    return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(Kernel::kErrorInvalidData);
+  }
+
+  ctx->superblock = sb;
+  return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(sb);
+}
+
+// Load inode
+inline Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*> ext2_load_inode(Ext2Context* ctx, Kernel::UInt32 inodeNumber) {
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->superblock) return Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*>(Kernel::kErrorInvalidData);
+
+  auto nodePtr = Kernel::mm_alloc_ptr(sizeof(Ext2Node), true, false);
+  if (!nodePtr) return Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*>(Kernel::kErrorHeapOutOfMemory);
+
+  auto ext2Node         = reinterpret_cast<Ext2Node*>(nodePtr);
+  ext2Node->inodeNumber = inodeNumber;
+
+  // Compute block group and index within group
+  Kernel::UInt32 inodesPerGroup = ctx->superblock->fInodesPerGroup;
+  Kernel::UInt32 group          = (inodeNumber - 1) / inodesPerGroup;
+  Kernel::UInt32 index          = (inodeNumber - 1) % inodesPerGroup;
+
+  // dummy: just offset first inode
+  Kernel::UInt32 inodeTableBlock = ctx->superblock->fFirstInode + group;
+
+  if (!ext2_read_block(ctx->drive, inodeTableBlock, &ext2Node->inode, sizeof(EXT2_INODE))) {
+    Kernel::mm_free_ptr(nodePtr);
+    return Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*>(Kernel::kErrorDisk);
+  }
+
+  ext2Node->cursor = 0;
+  return Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*>(ext2Node);
+}
+
+inline Kernel::UInt32 inode_offset(const Ext2Context* ctx, Kernel::UInt32 inodeNumber) {
+  if (!ctx || !ctx->superblock) return 0;
+  return ((inodeNumber - 1) % ctx->superblock->fInodesPerGroup) * ctx->superblock->fInodeSize;
+}
+}  // namespace Kernel::Ext2
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2.h b/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2.h
index 42875c47..06370a8c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2.h
@@ -18,126 +18,126 @@
 namespace Ext2 {
 
 /// EXT2 Constants
-#define kExt2FSMagic              (0xEF53)
-#define kExt2FSMaxFileNameLen     (255U)
-#define kExt2FSSuperblockOffset   (1024)
-#define kExt2FSRootInodeNumber    (2)
-#define kExt2FSInodeSize          (128U)
-#define kExt2FSBlockSizeBase      (1024U)
+#define kExt2FSMagic (0xEF53)
+#define kExt2FSMaxFileNameLen (255U)
+#define kExt2FSSuperblockOffset (1024)
+#define kExt2FSRootInodeNumber (2)
+#define kExt2FSInodeSize (128U)
+#define kExt2FSBlockSizeBase (1024U)
 
-#define kExt2FSRev0               (0)
-#define kExt2FSRev1               (1)
+#define kExt2FSRev0 (0)
+#define kExt2FSRev1 (1)
 
 /// EXT2 file types
 enum {
-    kExt2FileTypeUnknown      = 0,
-    kExt2FileTypeRegular      = 1,
-    kExt2FileTypeDirectory    = 2,
-    kExt2FileTypeCharDevice   = 3,
-    kExt2FileTypeBlockDevice  = 4,
-    kExt2FileTypeFIFO         = 5,
-    kExt2FileTypeSocket       = 6,
-    kExt2FileTypeSymbolicLink = 7
+  kExt2FileTypeUnknown      = 0,
+  kExt2FileTypeRegular      = 1,
+  kExt2FileTypeDirectory    = 2,
+  kExt2FileTypeCharDevice   = 3,
+  kExt2FileTypeBlockDevice  = 4,
+  kExt2FileTypeFIFO         = 5,
+  kExt2FileTypeSocket       = 6,
+  kExt2FileTypeSymbolicLink = 7
 };
 
 struct PACKED EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK final {
-    Kernel::UInt32 fInodeCount;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fBlockCount;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fReservedBlockCount;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFreeBlockCount;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFreeInodeCount;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFirstDataBlock;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fLogBlockSize;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fLogFragmentSize;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fBlocksPerGroup;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFragmentsPerGroup;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fInodesPerGroup;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fMountTime;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fWriteTime;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fMountCount;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fMaxMountCount;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fMagic;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fState;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fErrors;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fMinorRevision;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fLastCheck;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fCheckInterval;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fCreatorOS;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fRevisionLevel;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fDefaultUID;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fDefaultGID;
-
-    // EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV fields
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFirstInode;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fInodeSize;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fBlockGroupNumber;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFeatureCompat;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFeatureIncompat;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFeatureROCompat;
-    Kernel::UInt8  fUUID[16];
-    Kernel::Char   fVolumeName[16];
-    Kernel::Char   fLastMounted[64];
-    Kernel::UInt32 fAlgoBitmap;
-
-    Kernel::UInt8  fPreallocBlocks;
-    Kernel::UInt8  fPreallocDirBlocks;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fReservedGDTBlocks;
-
-    Kernel::UInt8  fJournalUUID[16];
-    Kernel::UInt32 fJournalInode;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fJournalDevice;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fLastOrphan;
-
-    Kernel::UInt32 fHashSeed[4];
-    Kernel::UInt8  fDefHashVersion;
-    Kernel::UInt8  fReservedCharPad;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fReservedWordPad;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fDefaultMountOpts;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFirstMetaBlockGroup;
-
-    Kernel::UInt8 fReserved[760]; // Padding to make 1024 bytes
+  Kernel::UInt32 fInodeCount;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fBlockCount;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fReservedBlockCount;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFreeBlockCount;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFreeInodeCount;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFirstDataBlock;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fLogBlockSize;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fLogFragmentSize;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fBlocksPerGroup;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFragmentsPerGroup;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fInodesPerGroup;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fMountTime;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fWriteTime;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fMountCount;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fMaxMountCount;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fMagic;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fState;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fErrors;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fMinorRevision;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fLastCheck;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fCheckInterval;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fCreatorOS;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fRevisionLevel;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fDefaultUID;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fDefaultGID;
+
+  // EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV fields
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFirstInode;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fInodeSize;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fBlockGroupNumber;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFeatureCompat;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFeatureIncompat;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFeatureROCompat;
+  Kernel::UInt8  fUUID[16];
+  Kernel::Char   fVolumeName[16];
+  Kernel::Char   fLastMounted[64];
+  Kernel::UInt32 fAlgoBitmap;
+
+  Kernel::UInt8  fPreallocBlocks;
+  Kernel::UInt8  fPreallocDirBlocks;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fReservedGDTBlocks;
+
+  Kernel::UInt8  fJournalUUID[16];
+  Kernel::UInt32 fJournalInode;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fJournalDevice;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fLastOrphan;
+
+  Kernel::UInt32 fHashSeed[4];
+  Kernel::UInt8  fDefHashVersion;
+  Kernel::UInt8  fReservedCharPad;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fReservedWordPad;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fDefaultMountOpts;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFirstMetaBlockGroup;
+
+  Kernel::UInt8 fReserved[760];  // Padding to make 1024 bytes
 };
 
 struct PACKED EXT2_INODE final {
-    Kernel::UInt16 fMode;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fUID;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fSize;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fAccessTime;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fCreateTime;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fModifyTime;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fDeleteTime;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fGID;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fLinksCount;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fBlocks;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFlags;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fOSD1;
-
-    Kernel::UInt32 fBlock[15]; // direct 0-11, indirect 12, double 13, triple 14
-
-    Kernel::UInt32 fGeneration;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFileACL;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fDirACL;
-    Kernel::UInt32 fFragmentAddr;
-
-    Kernel::UInt8 fOSD2[12];
+  Kernel::UInt16 fMode;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fUID;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fSize;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fAccessTime;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fCreateTime;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fModifyTime;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fDeleteTime;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fGID;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fLinksCount;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fBlocks;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFlags;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fOSD1;
+
+  Kernel::UInt32 fBlock[15];  // direct 0-11, indirect 12, double 13, triple 14
+
+  Kernel::UInt32 fGeneration;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFileACL;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fDirACL;
+  Kernel::UInt32 fFragmentAddr;
+
+  Kernel::UInt8 fOSD2[12];
 };
 
 /// Directory entry
 struct PACKED EXT2_DIR_ENTRY final {
-    Kernel::UInt32 fInode;
-    Kernel::UInt16 fRecordLength;
-    Kernel::UInt8  fNameLength;
-    Kernel::UInt8  fFileType;
-    Kernel::Char   fName[kExt2FSMaxFileNameLen]; 
+  Kernel::UInt32 fInode;
+  Kernel::UInt16 fRecordLength;
+  Kernel::UInt8  fNameLength;
+  Kernel::UInt8  fFileType;
+  Kernel::Char   fName[kExt2FSMaxFileNameLen];
 };
 
 /// VFS usage
 struct Ext2Node {
-    Kernel::UInt32 inodeNumber;
-    EXT2_INODE inode;
-    Kernel::UInt32 cursor{0}; 
+  Kernel::UInt32 inodeNumber;
+  EXT2_INODE     inode;
+  Kernel::UInt32 cursor{0};
 };
 
 class Ext2FileSystemMgr;
 
-} // namespace Ext2
+}  // namespace Ext2
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2IFS.h b/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2IFS.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 87095bc6..00000000
--- a/dev/kernel/FSKit/Ext2IFS.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <FSKit/Ext2.h>
-#include <KernelKit/DriveMgr.h>
-#include <KernelKit/HeapMgr.h>
-#include <NeKit/Utils.h>
-#include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
-#include <NeKit/ErrorOr.h>
-#include <KernelKit/KPC.h> 
-
-namespace Ext2 {
-
-/// @brief Context for an EXT2 filesystem on a given drive
-struct Context { 
-    Kernel::DriveTrait* drive{nullptr};
-    EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK* superblock{nullptr};
-
-    /// @brief context with a drive
-    explicit Context(Kernel::DriveTrait* drv) : drive(drv) {}
-
-     /// @brief Clean up
-    ~Context() {
-        if (superblock) {
-            Kernel::mm_free_ptr(superblock);
-            superblock = nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-
-    Context(const Context&) = delete;
-    Context& operator=(const Context&) = delete;
-
-    Context(Context&& other) noexcept : drive(other.drive), superblock(other.superblock) {
-        other.drive = nullptr;
-        other.superblock = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    Context& operator=(Context&& other) noexcept {
-        if (this != &other) {
-            if (superblock) {
-                Kernel::mm_free_ptr(superblock);
-            }
-            drive = other.drive;
-            superblock = other.superblock;
-            other.drive = nullptr;
-            other.superblock = nullptr;
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline Kernel::UInt32 BlockSize() const { 
-        if (!superblock) return kExt2FSBlockSizeBase;
-        return kExt2FSBlockSizeBase << superblock->fLogBlockSize;
-    }
-};
-
-inline bool ext2_read_block(Kernel::DriveTrait* drv, Kernel::UInt32 lba, void* buffer, Kernel::UInt32 size) { 
-    if (!drv || !buffer) return false;
-
-    Kernel::DriveTrait::DrivePacket pkt{};
-    pkt.fPacketContent = buffer;
-    pkt.fPacketSize = size;
-    pkt.fPacketLba = lba;
-    drv->fInput(pkt);
-    return pkt.fPacketGood;
-}
-
-inline bool ext2_write_block(Kernel::DriveTrait* drv, Kernel::UInt32 lba, const void* buffer, Kernel::UInt32 size) { 
-    if (!drv || !buffer) return false;
-
-    Kernel::DriveTrait::DrivePacket pkt{};
-    pkt.fPacketContent = const_cast<void*>(buffer);
-    pkt.fPacketSize = size;
-    pkt.fPacketLba = lba;
-    drv->fOutput(pkt);
-    return pkt.fPacketGood;
-}
-
-// Load superblock
-inline Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*> ext2_load_superblock(Context* ctx) {
-    if (!ctx || !ctx->drive) return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(Kernel::kErrorInvalidData); 
-
-    auto buf = Kernel::mm_alloc_ptr(sizeof(EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK), true, false);
-    if (!buf) return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(Kernel::kErrorHeapOutOfMemory); 
-
-    Kernel::UInt32 blockLba = kExt2FSSuperblockOffset / ctx->drive->fSectorSz;
-    if (!ext2_read_block(ctx->drive, blockLba, buf, sizeof(EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK))) { 
-        Kernel::mm_free_ptr(buf);
-        return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(Kernel::kErrorDisk); 
-    }
-
-    auto sb = reinterpret_cast<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(buf);
-    if (sb->fMagic != kExt2FSMagic) {
-        Kernel::mm_free_ptr(buf);
-        return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(Kernel::kErrorInvalidData); 
-    }
-
-    ctx->superblock = sb;
-    return Kernel::ErrorOr<EXT2_SUPER_BLOCK*>(sb); 
-}
-
-// Load inode
-inline Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*> ext2_load_inode(Context* ctx, Kernel::UInt32 inodeNumber) { 
-    if (!ctx || !ctx->superblock) return Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*>(Kernel::kErrorInvalidData); 
-
-    auto nodePtr = Kernel::mm_alloc_ptr(sizeof(Ext2Node), true, false);
-    if (!nodePtr) return Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*>(Kernel::kErrorHeapOutOfMemory);
-
-    auto ext2Node = reinterpret_cast<Ext2Node*>(nodePtr);
-    ext2Node->inodeNumber = inodeNumber;
-
-    // Compute block group and index within group
-    Kernel::UInt32 inodesPerGroup = ctx->superblock->fInodesPerGroup;
-    Kernel::UInt32 group = (inodeNumber - 1) / inodesPerGroup;
-    Kernel::UInt32 index = (inodeNumber - 1) % inodesPerGroup;
-
-    // dummy: just offset first inode
-    Kernel::UInt32 inodeTableBlock = ctx->superblock->fFirstInode + group;
-
-    if (!ext2_read_block(ctx->drive, inodeTableBlock, &ext2Node->inode, sizeof(EXT2_INODE))) { 
-        Kernel::mm_free_ptr(nodePtr);
-        return Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*>(Kernel::kErrorDisk);
-    }
-
-    ext2Node->cursor = 0;
-    return Kernel::ErrorOr<Ext2Node*>(ext2Node); 
-}
-
-inline Kernel::UInt32 inode_offset(const Context* ctx, Kernel::UInt32 inodeNumber) {
-    if (!ctx || !ctx->superblock) return 0;
-    return ((inodeNumber - 1) % ctx->superblock->fInodesPerGroup) * ctx->superblock->fInodeSize;
-}
-
-} // namespace Ext2
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc
index cd135abc..84a00449 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc
@@ -62,17 +62,18 @@ EXTERN_C void __cxa_finalize(void* f) {
 }
 
 namespace cxxabiv1 {
-EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_acquire(__guard* g) {
-  (void) g;
+EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_acquire(__guard g) {
+  if ((*g & 1) || (*g & 2)) return 1;
+  *g |= 2;
   return 0;
 }
 
-EXTERN_C int __cxa_guard_release(__guard* g) {
-  *(char*) g = 1;
-  return 0;
+EXTERN_C void __cxa_guard_release(__guard g) {
+  *g |= 1;
+  *g &= 2;
 }
 
-EXTERN_C void __cxa_guard_abort(__guard* g) {
-  (void) g;
+EXTERN_C void __cxa_guard_abort(__guard g) {
+  *g &= ~2;
 }
 }  // namespace cxxabiv1
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index df5386e4..e3e08830 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ struct LAPIC final {
 /// @param target
 /// @return
 /***********************************************************************************/
-Void hal_send_ipi_msg(UInt32 target, UInt32 apic_id, UInt8 vector) {
+EXTERN_C Void hal_send_ipi_msg(UInt32 target, UInt32 apic_id, UInt8 vector) {
   Kernel::ke_dma_write<UInt32>(target, APIC_ICR_HIGH, apic_id << 24);
   Kernel::ke_dma_write<UInt32>(target, APIC_ICR_LOW, 0x00000600 | 0x00004000 | 0x00000000 | vector);
 
@@ -200,10 +200,7 @@ Void mp_init_cores(VoidPtr vendor_ptr) noexcept {
       UInt8 type   = *entry_ptr;
       UInt8 length = *(entry_ptr + 1);
 
-      // Avoid infinite loop on bad APIC tables.
-      if (length < 2) break;
-
-      if (type == 0) {
+      if (type == 0 && length == sizeof(struct LAPIC)) {
         volatile LAPIC* entry_struct = (volatile LAPIC*) entry_ptr;
 
         if (entry_struct->Flags & 0x1) {
@@ -212,15 +209,15 @@ Void mp_init_cores(VoidPtr vendor_ptr) noexcept {
 
           ++kSMPCount;
 
-          kout << "Kind: LAPIC: ON\r";
+          kout << "AP: kind: LAPIC: ON.\r";
 
           // 0x7c00, as recommended by the Intel SDM.
           hal_send_ipi_msg(kApicBaseAddress, entry_struct->ProcessorID, 0x7c);
         } else {
-          kout << "Kind: LAPIC: OFF\r";
+          kout << "AP: kind: LAPIC: OFF.\r";
         }
       } else {
-        kout << "Kind: UNKNOWN: OFF\r";
+        kout << "AP: kind: UNKNOWN: OFF.\r";
       }
 
       entry_ptr += length;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
index f121fbb4..6f4d7e0a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -32,17 +32,14 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
 
   HAL::rt_sti();
 
-  kHandoverHeader = handover_hdr;
-
-  FB::fb_clear_video();
-
   fw_init_efi((EfiSystemTable*) handover_hdr->f_FirmwareCustomTables[1]);
 
   Boot::ExitBootServices(handover_hdr->f_HardwareTables.f_ImageKey,
                          handover_hdr->f_HardwareTables.f_ImageHandle);
 
-  kBitMapCursor = 0UL;
-  kKernelVM     = kHandoverHeader->f_PageStart;
+  kHandoverHeader = handover_hdr;
+
+  kKernelVM = kHandoverHeader->f_PageStart;
 
   if (!kKernelVM) {
     MUST_PASS(kKernelVM);
@@ -55,6 +52,7 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
   /*     INITIALIZE BIT MAP.              */
   /************************************** */
 
+  kBitMapCursor    = 0UL;
   kKernelBitMpSize = kHandoverHeader->f_BitMapSize;
   kKernelBitMpStart =
       reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(kHandoverHeader->f_BitMapStart));
@@ -120,6 +118,8 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
   kGDTArray[4].fFlags      = 0;
   kGDTArray[4].fBaseHigh   = 0;
 
+  FB::fb_clear_video();
+
   // Load memory descriptors.
   HAL::Register64 gdt_reg;
 
@@ -133,24 +133,14 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
   return kEfiFail;
 }
 
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_real_init(Kernel::Void) noexcept {
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_real_init(Kernel::Void) {
   using namespace Kernel;
 
-  for (SizeT index = 0UL; index < HardwareThreadScheduler::The().Capacity(); ++index) {
-    HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[index].Leak()->Kind() = ThreadKind::kAPStandard;
-    HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[index].Leak()->ID()   = index;
-    HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[index].Leak()->Busy(NO);
-  }
-
-  for (SizeT index = 0UL; index < UserProcessScheduler::The().TheCurrentTeam().AsArray().Count();
-       ++index) {
-    UserProcessScheduler::The().TheCurrentTeam().AsArray()[index].Status =
-        ProcessStatusKind::kInvalid;
-  }
+  HAL::Register64 idt_reg;
+  idt_reg.Base = reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(kInterruptVectorTable);
 
-  rtl_create_user_process(sched_idle_task, "MgmtSrv");    //! Mgmt command server.
-  rtl_create_user_process(sched_idle_task, "LaunchSrv");  //! launchd
-  rtl_create_user_process(sched_idle_task, "SecSrv");     //! Login Server
+  HAL::IDTLoader idt_loader;
+  idt_loader.Load(idt_reg);
 
   HAL::mp_init_cores(kHandoverHeader->f_HardwareTables.f_VendorPtr);
 
@@ -162,13 +152,6 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_real_init(Kernel::Void) noexcept {
   NeFS::fs_init_nefs();
 #endif
 
-  HAL::Register64 idt_reg;
-  idt_reg.Base = reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(kInterruptVectorTable);
-
-  HAL::IDTLoader idt_loader;
-
-  idt_loader.Load(idt_reg);
-
   while (YES)
     ;
 }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
index d7663f4e..b711b833 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -35,10 +35,6 @@ EXTERN_C void hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
     return;
   }
 
-  FB::fb_clear_video();
-
-  kBitMapCursor = 0UL;
-
 #ifdef __NE_ARM64_EFI__
   fw_init_efi((EfiSystemTable*) handover_hdr->f_FirmwareCustomTables[1]);
 
@@ -46,31 +42,19 @@ EXTERN_C void hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
                          handover_hdr->f_HardwareTables.f_ImageHandle);
 #endif
 
+  FB::fb_clear_video();
+
   /************************************** */
   /*     INITIALIZE BIT MAP.              */
   /************************************** */
 
+  kBitMapCursor     = 0UL;
   kKernelBitMpSize  = kHandoverHeader->f_BitMapSize;
   kKernelBitMpStart = reinterpret_cast<Kernel::VoidPtr>(
       reinterpret_cast<Kernel::UIntPtr>(kHandoverHeader->f_BitMapStart));
 
   /// @note do initialize the interrupts after it.
 
-  for (SizeT index = 0UL; index < HardwareThreadScheduler::The().Capacity(); ++index) {
-    HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[index].Leak()->Kind() = ThreadKind::kAPStandard;
-    HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[index].Leak()->Busy(NO);
-  }
-
-  for (SizeT index = 0UL; index < UserProcessScheduler::The().TheCurrentTeam().AsArray().Count();
-       ++index) {
-    UserProcessScheduler::The().TheCurrentTeam().AsArray()[index].Status =
-        ProcessStatusKind::kInvalid;
-  }
-
-  rtl_create_user_process(sched_idle_task, "MgmtSrv");    //! Mgmt command server.
-  rtl_create_user_process(sched_idle_task, "LaunchSrv");  //! launchd
-  rtl_create_user_process(sched_idle_task, "SecSrv");     //! Login Server
-
   Kernel::mp_init_cores();
 
   while (YES)
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/CxxAbi.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/CxxAbi.h
index 164a257d..4b7bf002 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/CxxAbi.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/CxxAbi.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
-#ifndef __TOOLCHAINKIT__
+#ifndef __NECTI__
 
 #define kAtExitMacDestructors (128)
 
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ struct atexit_func_entry_t {
   void* dso_handle;
 };
 
-typedef unsigned uarch_t;
+typedef Kernel::UInt32 uarch_t;
 
 namespace cxxabiv1 {
-typedef void* __guard;
+typedef Kernel::SizeT* __guard;
 }
 
-#endif  // __GNUC__
+#endif  // !__NECTI__
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/ErrorOr.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/ErrorOr.h
index b653e0ee..52f0d6a9 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/ErrorOr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/ErrorOr.h
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ class ErrorOr final {
     return *this;
   }
 
+  T Value() const { return *mRef; }
+  
   Ref<T>& Leak() { return mRef; }
 
   Int32 Error() { return mId; }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc b/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
index 711ea588..6cebf26c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ ErrorOr<voidPtr> ACPIFactoryInterface::Find(const Char* signature) {
 @param len the length of it.
 */
 bool ACPIFactoryInterface::Checksum(const Char* checksum, SSizeT len) {
-  if (len == 0 || !checksum) return false;
+  if (len == 0 || !checksum) return NO;
 
   Char chr = 0;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
index 24e4e220..cca3a368 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-Int     rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size);
+Int32   rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size);
 voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size);
 
 Int32 rt_string_cmp(const Char* src, const Char* cmp, Size size) {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const Char* rt_alloc_string(const Char* src) {
   return buffer;
 }
 
-Int rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size) {
+Int32 rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size) {
   if (!src || !dst || len > dst_size) {
     if (dst && dst_size) {
       rt_set_memory_safe(dst, 0, dst_size, dst_size);
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ rt_set_memory(voidPtr src, UInt32 value, Size len) {
 #ifdef __NE_ENFORCE_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
 [[deprecated("Use rt_copy_memory_safe instead")]]
 #endif
-Int rt_copy_memory(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len) {
+Int32 rt_copy_memory(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len) {
   if (!src || !dst) return -1;
   auto s = reinterpret_cast<const UInt8*>(src);
   auto d = reinterpret_cast<UInt8*>(dst);
@@ -134,11 +134,15 @@ Bool rt_to_string(Char* str, UInt64 value, Int32 base) {
     str[j]         = str[i - j - 1];
     str[i - j - 1] = tmp;
   }
+
+  return YES;
 #endif
-  return true;
+  return NO;
 }
 
 VoidPtr rt_string_in_string(const Char* haystack, const Char* needle) {
+  if (!haystack || !needle) return nullptr;
+
   SizeT needle_len = rt_string_len(needle);
   SizeT hay_len    = rt_string_len(haystack);
 
@@ -152,6 +156,7 @@ VoidPtr rt_string_in_string(const Char* haystack, const Char* needle) {
 }
 
 Char* rt_string_has_char(Char* str, Char ch) {
+  if (!str) return nullptr;
   while (*str && *str != ch) ++str;
   return (*str == ch) ? str : nullptr;
 }
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ EXTERN_C void* memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
   return dst;
 }
 
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Int32 strcmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
+EXTERN_C Int32 strcmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
   return Kernel::rt_string_cmp(a, b, rt_string_len(a));
 }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/Ext2+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/Ext2+FileSystemParser.cc
index 80449ed9..318f83d6 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/Ext2+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/Ext2+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 #ifdef __FSKIT_INCLUDES_EXT2__
 
-#include <FSKit/Ext2.h>
+#include <FSKit/Ext2+IFS.h>
 #include <FirmwareKit/EPM.h>
 #include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
 #include <KernelKit/ProcessScheduler.h>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index 174862a4..07c4a572 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ ProcessID UserProcessScheduler::Spawn(const Char* name, VoidPtr code, VoidPtr im
   }
 
   (Void)(kout << "ProcessID: " << number(process.ProcessId) << kendl);
-  (Void)(kout << "Name: " << process.Name << kendl);
+  (Void)(kout << "ProcesName: " << process.Name << kendl);
 
   return pid;
 }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
index 907632ad..e98b8306 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Int32 urt_string_cmp(const Utf8Char* src, const Utf8Char* cmp, Size size) {
   return counter;
 }
 
-Int urt_copy_memory(const VoidPtr src, VoidPtr dst, Size len) {
+Int32 urt_copy_memory(const VoidPtr src, VoidPtr dst, Size len) {
   Utf8Char* srcChr  = reinterpret_cast<Utf8Char*>(src);
   Utf8Char* dstChar = reinterpret_cast<Utf8Char*>(dst);
 
diff --git a/dev/launch/.keep b/dev/launch/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/launch/.keep
diff --git a/dev/launch/LaunchKit/.keep b/dev/launch/LaunchKit/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/launch/LaunchKit/.keep
diff --git a/dev/launch/LaunchKit/LaunchKit.h b/dev/launch/LaunchKit/LaunchKit.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2fa9607b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/launch/LaunchKit/LaunchKit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+   Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+   ------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief NeKernel Launch Kit.
+
+#define NELAUNCH_INFO(MSG) PrintOut(nullptr, "INFO: [LAUNCH] %s\n", MSG)
+#define NELAUNCH_WARN(MSG) PrintOut(nullptr, "WARN: [LAUNCH] %s\n", MSG)
+
+namespace Launch {
+using LaunchHandle = VoidPtr;
+using KernelStatus = SInt32;
+}  // namespace Launch
diff --git a/dev/launch/ne_launch.json b/dev/launch/ne_launch.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3d26a46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/launch/ne_launch.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "compiler_path": "x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++",
+  "compiler_std": "c++20",
+  "headers_path": ["../", "./"],
+  "sources_path": ["src/*.cc", "src/*.S"],
+  "output_name": "ne_launch",
+  "compiler_flags": [
+    "-ffreestanding",
+    "-shared",
+    "-fPIC",
+    "-fno-rtti",
+    "-fno-exceptions",
+    "-Wl,--subsystem=17"
+  ],
+  "cpp_macros": [
+      "kNeLaunchVersion=0x0100",
+      "kNeLaunchVersionHighest=0x0100",
+      "kNeLaunchVersionLowest=0x0100"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/dev/launch/obj/.keep b/dev/launch/obj/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/launch/obj/.keep
diff --git a/dev/launch/src/.keep b/dev/launch/src/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/launch/src/.keep
diff --git a/dev/launch/src/CRT0.S b/dev/launch/src/CRT0.S
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84a293e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/launch/src/CRT0.S
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+   Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+   ------------------------------------------- */
+
+ .text
+
+.extern nelaunch_startup_fn
+.globl _NeMain
+
+_NeMain:
+  push %rbp
+  movq %rsp, %rbp
+  callq nelaunch_startup_fn
+  popq %rbp
+
+  retq
diff --git a/dev/launch/src/LaunchSrv.cc b/dev/launch/src/LaunchSrv.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5c9ee3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/launch/src/LaunchSrv.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+   Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+   ------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <LaunchKit/LaunchKit.h>
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Err.h>
+
+/// @note This called by _NeMain from its own runtime.
+extern "C" SInt32 nelaunch_startup_fn(Void) {
+  /// @todo Start LaunchServices.fwrk services, make the launcher manageable too (via mgmt.launch)
+
+  NELAUNCH_INFO("Starting NeKernel services...");
+
+  return kErrorSuccess;
+}
diff --git a/dev/libDDK/DriverKit/ddk.h b/dev/libDDK/DriverKit/ddk.h
index 254137f9..2e2dddf0 100644
--- a/dev/libDDK/DriverKit/ddk.h
+++ b/dev/libDDK/DriverKit/ddk.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
-  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
+  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss 2025, all rights reserved.
 
   FILE: ddk.h
   PURPOSE: DDK Driver model base header.
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ struct DDK_STATUS_STRUCT DDK_FINAL {
   struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* s_object;
 };
 
+typedef void* ptr_t;
+
 /// @brief Call Kernel procedure.
 /// @param name the procedure name.
 /// @param cnt number of elements in **dat**
diff --git a/dev/libDDK/DriverKit/dki/contract.h b/dev/libDDK/DriverKit/dki/contract.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23884e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libDDK/DriverKit/dki/contract.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+   Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss 2025, all rights reserved.
+
+   FILE: ddk.h
+   PURPOSE: Driver Kernel Interface Model base header.
+
+   ------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
+#include <DriverKit/macros.h>
+
+#define DKI_CONTRACT_IMPL : public ::Kernel::DKIContract
+
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+
+namespace Kernel::DKI {
+class DKIContract {
+ public:
+  explicit DKIContract() = default;
+  virtual ~DKIContract() = default;
+
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(DKIContract);
+
+  virtual BOOL    IsCastable() { return false; }
+  virtual BOOL    IsActive() { return false; }
+  virtual VoidPtr Leak() { return nullptr; }
+  virtual Int32   Type() { return 0; }
+};
+}  // namespace Kernel::DKI
diff --git a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_dev.c b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_dev.c
index 32ec2442..d20684aa 100644
--- a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_dev.c
+++ b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_dev.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 /// @brief Open a new binary device from path.
 DDK_EXTERN DDK_DEVICE_PTR open(const char* devicePath) {
-  if (!devicePath) return nil;
+  if (nil == devicePath) return nil;
 
   return ke_call_dispatch("dk_open_dev", 1, (void*) devicePath, kstrlen(devicePath));
 }
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ DDK_EXTERN DDK_DEVICE_PTR open(const char* devicePath) {
 /// @brief Close any device.
 /// @param device valid device.
 DDK_EXTERN BOOL close(DDK_DEVICE_PTR device) {
-  if (!device) return NO;
+  if (nil == device) return NO;
 
   ke_call_dispatch("dk_close_dev", 1, device, sizeof(DDK_DEVICE));
   return YES;
diff --git a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_io.c b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_io.c
index c6cdd457..825e82a7 100644
--- a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_io.c
+++ b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_io.c
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
-  Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
+  libDDK.
+  Copyright 2025 - Amlal El Mahrouss and NeKernel contributors.
 
+  File: ddk_io.c
   Purpose: DDK Text I/O.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@
 #include <DriverKit/io.h>
 
 DDK_EXTERN void kputc(const char ch) {
+  if (!ch) return;
+
   char assembled[2] = {0};
   assembled[0]      = ch;
   assembled[1]      = 0;
@@ -19,7 +23,7 @@ DDK_EXTERN void kputc(const char ch) {
 /// @brief print string to UART.
 /// @param message UART to transmit.
 DDK_EXTERN void kprint(const char* message) {
-  if (!message) return;
+  if (nil == message) return;
   if (*message == 0) return;
 
   size_t index = 0;
diff --git a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call.c b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
index 1ac0a0aa..5976665b 100644
--- a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
+++ b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
 /// @brief this is an internal call, do not use it.
-DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* __ke_call_dispatch(const int32_t name, int32_t cnt, void* data,
-                                                     size_t sz);
+DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) ptr_t
+    __ke_call_dispatch(const int32_t name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz);
 /// @brief This function hashes the path into a FNV symbol.
 /// @param path the path to hash.
 /// @retval 0 symbol wasn't hashed.
diff --git a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
index 7b7a26cb..a607fe40 100644
--- a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
+++ b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ __ke_call_dispatch:
     push rbp
     mov rbp, rsp
 
+  /* registers have already been pushed. */
+
     int kKernelCallTrapId
 
     pop rbp
-
     ret
 
 #elif defined(__DDK_POWER64__)
diff --git a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_str.c b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_str.c
index 514cddc7..1e2fde19 100644
--- a/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_str.c
+++ b/dev/libDDK/src/ddk_str.c
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ DDK_EXTERN size_t kstrlen(const char* in) {
 }
 
 DDK_EXTERN int kstrncpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t len) {
+  if (nil == dst || nil == src) return 0;
+
   size_t index = 0;
 
   while (index != len) {
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
index a1505b46..35bfc6f8 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
@@ -14,22 +14,8 @@ IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_2(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_3(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1, VoidPtr arg3);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_4(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1, VoidPtr arg3, VoidPtr arg4);
 
-inline UInt64 libsys_hash_64(const Char* path) {
-  if (!path || *path == 0) return 0;
-
-  const UInt64 FNV_OFFSET_BASIS = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
-  const UInt64 FNV_PRIME        = 0x100000001b3ULL;
-
-  UInt64 hash = FNV_OFFSET_BASIS;
-
-  while (*path) {
-    hash ^= (Char) (*path++);
-    hash *= FNV_PRIME;
-  }
-
-  return hash;
-}
+IMPORT_C UInt64 libsys_hash_64(const Char* path);
 
 #ifndef SYSCALL_HASH
 #define SYSCALL_HASH(str) libsys_hash_64(str)
-#endif  // !SYSCALL_HASH
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif  // !SYSCALL_HASH
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Verify.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Verify.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cbf85830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Verify.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+   Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+   File: Verify.h
+   Purpose: System Call Interface Verification Layer.
+
+   ------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+
+namespace LibSystem::Detail {
+/// @author 0xf00sec, and Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief safe cast operator.
+template <typename T, typename R = VoidPtr>
+inline R sys_safe_cast(const T* ptr) {
+  _rtl_assert(ptr, "safe cast failed!");
+  return static_cast<R>(const_cast<T*>(ptr));
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct must_cast_traits {
+  constexpr static BOOL value = false;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct must_cast_traits<T, T> {
+  constexpr static BOOL value = true;
+};
+
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief Safe constexpr cast.
+template <typename T, typename R>
+inline constexpr R* sys_constexpr_cast(T* ptr) {
+  static_assert(must_cast_traits<T, R>::value, "constexpr cast failed! types are a mismatch!");
+  return static_cast<R*>(ptr);
+}
+}  // namespace LibSystem::Detail
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc
index 3870ff18..da9931fe 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc
+++ b/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc
@@ -7,14 +7,9 @@
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/Err.h>

 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h>

 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>

+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Verify.h>

 

-namespace Detail {

-template <typename T>

-static VoidPtr safe_void_cast(const T* ptr) {

-  _rtl_assert(ptr, "safe void cast failed!");

-  return static_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<T*>(ptr));

-}

-}  // namespace Detail

+using namespace LibSystem;

 

 IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {

   if (!expr) {

@@ -23,6 +18,29 @@ IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {
   }

 }

 

+/// @note this uses the FNV 64-bit variant.

+IMPORT_C UInt64 libsys_hash_64(const Char* path) {

+  if (!path || *path == 0) return 0;

+

+  const UInt64 kFNVSeed  = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;

+  const UInt64 kFNVPrime = 0x100000001b3ULL;

+

+  UInt64 hash = kFNVSeed;

+

+  while (*path) {

+    hash ^= (Char) (*path++);

+    hash *= kFNVPrime;

+  }

+

+  return hash;

+}

+

+IMPORT_C Char* StrFmt(const Char* fmt, ...) {

+  if (!fmt || *fmt == 0) return const_cast<Char*>("(null)");

+

+  return const_cast<Char*>("");

+}

+

 // memmove-style copy

 IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {

   // handles overlap, prefers 64-bit word copies when aligned

@@ -41,8 +59,9 @@ IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input Si
     // try 64-bit aligned backward copy

     if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rs) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&

         (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rd) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {

-      auto  rsw   = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(rs);

-      auto  rdw   = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(rd);

+      auto rsw = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(rs);

+      auto rdw = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(rd);

+

       SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);

 

       for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {

@@ -88,9 +107,11 @@ IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input Si
 

 IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {

   // strlen via pointer walk

-  if (!in) return 0;

+  if (!in) return -kErrorInvalidData;

+

   const Char* p = in;

   while (*p) ++p;

+

   return static_cast<SInt64>(p - in);

 }

 

@@ -125,9 +146,8 @@ IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt
 }

 

 IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter) {

-  return static_cast<Ref>(libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("IoOpenFile"),

-                                               Detail::safe_void_cast(path),

-                                               Detail::safe_void_cast(drv_letter)));

+  return static_cast<Ref>(libsys_syscall_arg_3(

+      SYSCALL_HASH("IoOpenFile"), Detail::sys_safe_cast(path), Detail::sys_safe_cast(drv_letter)));

 }

 

 IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {

@@ -163,7 +183,7 @@ IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const Char* fmt, ...) {
 

   // if truncated, `needed` >= kBufferSz; we still send truncated buffer

   auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),

-                                      Detail::safe_void_cast(buf));

+                                      Detail::sys_safe_cast(buf));

 

   if (!ret_ptr) return -kErrorInvalidData;

 

diff --git a/dev/misc/BenchKit/HWChronometer.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/HWChronometer.h
index e232db7e..56e4f2af 100644
--- a/dev/misc/BenchKit/HWChronometer.h
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/HWChronometer.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct HWChronoTraits;
 template <typename ChronoTraits = HWChronoTraits>
 class HWChrono;
 
-/// @brief BenchKit chrono logic for x64.
+/// @brief BenchKit chrono logic for x64/ARM64.
 struct HWChronoTraits final {
  private:
   STATIC UInt64 TickImpl_(void) {
diff --git a/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/.keep b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/.keep
diff --git a/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/LaunchHelpers.json b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/LaunchHelpers.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ec17332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/LaunchHelpers.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+    "compiler_path": "clang++",
+    "compiler_std": "c++20",
+    "headers_path": [
+        "./",
+        "../../../dev/kernel",
+        "../../../public/frameworks/",
+        "../../../dev/",
+        "./"
+    ],
+    "sources_path": [],
+    "output_name": "./dist/libLaunchHelpers.fwrk.dylib",
+    "cpp_macros": [
+        "kSampleFWVersion=0x0100",
+        "kSampleFWVersionHighest=0x0100",
+        "kSampleFWVersionLowest=0x0100",
+        "__NE_SDK__"
+    ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/dist/.keep b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/dist/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/dist/.keep
diff --git a/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/headers/.keep b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/headers/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/headers/.keep
diff --git a/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/src/.keep b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/src/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/src/.keep
diff --git a/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/src/DylibMain.cc b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/src/DylibMain.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99eebd26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/src/DylibMain.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+
+SInt32 _DylibAttach(SInt32 argc, Char* argv[]) {
+  return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/xml/.keep b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/xml/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/xml/.keep
diff --git a/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/xml/app.xml b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/xml/app.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6bc3a3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/frameworks/LaunchHelpers.fwrk/xml/app.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<PropertyList>
+<PLEntry Type="CFString" Name="LibraryName" Len="18" Value="LaunchHelpers.fwrk" /></PropertyList>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/manuals/nekernel/mgmt.hefs.util.man b/public/manuals/nekernel/mgmt.hefs.util.man
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3274f93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/manuals/nekernel/mgmt.hefs.util.man
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+NAME
+    mgmt.hefs — HeFS Management utility command
+
+SYNOPSIS
+    mgmt.hefs [OPTIONS]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    The `mgmt.hefs` command provides scheduling, execution, and remote orchestration
+    of a HeFS volume inside a System One environement. One might use this tool to
+    create, edit, and remove volumes from a disk.
+
+    Usages include, but are not limited to:
+        - Schedule scripts or tasks for future execution.
+        - Verify device or filesystem integrity.
+        - Manage and automate remote NeKernel machines.
+
+OPTIONS
+    -v, --volume <DEVICE>     Device input
+    -c, --create              Create HeFS volume
+    -x, --xml    <PLIST>      Pass PropertyList to volume creation tool.
+    -t, --time <HH:MMAM/PM>   Time to run the script
+    -d, --day <DAY>           Day of the week (e.g., Mon, Tue, Wed)
+    -m, --month <MONTH>       Month (e.g., Jan, Feb, Mar)
+    -y, --year <YYYY>         Year to schedule task
+    -r, --remote <ADDRESS>    Remote machine to manage (optional)
+    -v, --verify              Run integrity checks only
+    -h, --help                Display this help message
+
+EXAMPLES
+    mgmt.hefs -v /devices/disks0p0 -t 2:30PM -d Wed -m Apr -y 2026 --xml /xml/hefs.pxml
+        Schedules `/xml/hefs.pxml` to run at 2:30PM on Wednesday, April 2026.
+
+RELEASE
+    v1.0.0 — NeKernel.org
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.launch/.keep b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/.keep
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.launch/dist/.keep b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/dist/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/dist/.keep
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.launch/mgmt.launch.json b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/mgmt.launch.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a181d745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/mgmt.launch.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+    "compiler_path": "clang++",
+    "compiler_std": "c++20",
+    "headers_path": [
+        "./",
+        "../../../dev/kernel",
+        "../../../public/frameworks/",
+        "../../../dev/",
+        "./"
+    ],
+    "sources_path": [],
+    "output_name": "./dist/mgmt.launch",
+    "cpp_macros": [
+        "kSampleFWVersion=0x0100",
+        "kSampleFWVersionHighest=0x0100",
+        "kSampleFWVersionLowest=0x0100",
+        "__NE_SDK__"
+    ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.launch/src/.keep b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/src/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/src/.keep
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.launch/src/CommandLine.cc b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/src/CommandLine.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6015988e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/src/CommandLine.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+
+SInt32 _NeMain(SInt32 argc, Char* argv[]) {
+  return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/tools/mgmt.launch/vendor/.keep b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/vendor/.keep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/tools/mgmt.launch/vendor/.keep