Merge pull request #81 from nekernel-org/dev

feat! breaking changes on kernel sources.

1 files changed, 797 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/boot/BootKit/Qr.h b/src/boot/BootKit/Qr.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f537aa5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/boot/BootKit/Qr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,797 @@
+#ifndef QR_H
+#define QR_H
+
+#include <BootKit/Shared/base.h>
+#include <BootKit/Shared/bit.h>
+
+#include <BootKit/QrPrelude.h>
+#include <BootKit/Support.h>
+#include <CompilerKit/Detail.h>
+#include <modules/CoreGfx/CoreGfx.h>
+
+/// @note the QR code is still code 128, it utilizes the same concept of having it's own character
+/// set.
+
+namespace qr {
+inline uint8_t min_poly = 0b11101, /* Minimal polynomial x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1 */
+    generator           = 0b10;    /* Generator of Galois field */
+
+/// @brief galois finite field multiplication.
+inline uint8_t gf_mul(uint8_t a, uint8_t b) {
+  uint8_t res = 0;
+
+  for (; b; b >>= 1) {
+    if (b & 1) res ^= a;
+    if (a & 0x80)
+      a = (a << 1) ^ min_poly;
+    else
+      a <<= 1;
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+// Size of Ecc block with respect to level and version. 0 version is for
+// padding.
+constexpr int ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[4][41] = {
+    {0,  7,  10, 15, 20, 26, 18, 20, 24, 30, 18, 20, 24, 26, 30, 22, 24, 28, 30, 28, 28,
+     28, 28, 30, 30, 26, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30},
+    {0,  10, 16, 26, 18, 24, 16, 18, 22, 22, 26, 30, 22, 22, 24, 24, 28, 28, 26, 26, 26,
+     26, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28},
+    {0,  13, 22, 18, 26, 18, 24, 18, 22, 20, 24, 28, 26, 24, 20, 30, 24, 28, 28, 26, 30,
+     28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30},
+    {0,  17, 28, 22, 16, 22, 28, 26, 26, 24, 28, 24, 28, 22, 24, 24, 30, 28, 28, 26, 28,
+     30, 24, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30},
+};
+
+// Number of Ecc blocks with respect to level and version. 0 version is for
+// padding.
+constexpr int N_ECC_BLOCKS[4][41] = {
+    {0, 1, 1, 1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  2,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  6,  6,  6,  6,  7, 8,
+     8, 9, 9, 10, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25},
+    {0,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  5,  8,  9,  9,  10, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16,
+     17, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 49},
+    {0,  1,  1,  2,  2,  4,  4,  6,  6,  8,  8,  8,  10, 12, 16, 12, 17, 16, 18, 21, 20,
+     23, 23, 25, 27, 29, 34, 34, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 48, 51, 53, 56, 59, 62, 65, 68},
+    {0,  1,  1,  2,  4,  4,  4,  5,  6,  8,  8,  11, 11, 16, 16, 18, 16, 19, 21, 25, 25,
+     25, 34, 30, 32, 35, 37, 40, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 70, 74, 77, 81},
+};
+
+// Positions of central modules of alignment patterns according to version. 0
+// version is for padding.
+constexpr int ALIGN_POS[41][7] = {
+    {},
+    {0},
+    {6, 18},
+    {6, 22},
+    {6, 26},
+    {6, 30},
+    {6, 34},
+    {6, 22, 38},
+    {6, 24, 42},
+    {6, 26, 46},
+    {6, 28, 50},
+    {6, 30, 54},
+    {6, 32, 58},
+    {6, 34, 62},
+    {6, 26, 46, 66},
+    {6, 26, 48, 70},
+    {6, 26, 50, 74},
+    {6, 30, 54, 78},
+    {6, 30, 56, 82},
+    {6, 30, 58, 86},
+    {6, 34, 62, 90},
+    {6, 28, 50, 72, 94},
+    {6, 26, 50, 74, 98},
+    {6, 30, 54, 78, 102},
+    {6, 28, 54, 80, 106},
+    {6, 32, 58, 84, 110},
+    {6, 30, 58, 86, 114},
+    {6, 34, 62, 90, 118},
+    {6, 26, 50, 74, 98, 122},
+    {6, 30, 54, 78, 102, 126},
+    {6, 26, 52, 78, 104, 130},
+    {6, 30, 56, 82, 108, 134},
+    {6, 34, 60, 86, 112, 138},
+    {6, 30, 58, 86, 114, 142},
+    {6, 34, 62, 90, 118, 146},
+    {6, 30, 54, 78, 102, 126, 150},
+    {6, 24, 50, 76, 102, 128, 154},
+    {6, 28, 54, 80, 106, 132, 158},
+    {6, 32, 58, 84, 110, 136, 162},
+    {6, 26, 54, 82, 110, 138, 166},
+    {6, 30, 58, 86, 114, 142, 170},
+};
+
+// Return n-th bit of arr starting from MSB.
+constexpr uint8_t get_bit_r(uint8_t* arr, int n) {
+  return (arr[n >> 3] >> (7 - (n & 7))) & 1;
+}
+
+// Add up to 16 bits to arr. Data starts from MSB as well as each byte of an
+// array.
+constexpr void add_bits(uint16_t data, int n, uint8_t* arr, size_t& pos) {
+  while (n--) {
+    arr[pos >> 3] |= ((data >> n) & 1) << (7 - (pos & 7));
+    ++pos;
+  }
+}
+
+// Translate char to alphanumeric encoding value,
+constexpr int alphanumeric(char c) {
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return c - '0';
+
+  if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') return c - 'A' + 10;
+
+  switch (c) {
+    case ' ':
+      return 36;
+    case '$':
+      return 37;
+    case '%':
+      return 38;
+    case '*':
+      return 39;
+    case '+':
+      return 40;
+    case '-':
+      return 41;
+    case '.':
+      return 42;
+    case '/':
+      return 43;
+    case ':':
+      return 44;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+// Check if string can be encoded in alphanumeric mode.
+constexpr bool is_alphanumeric(const char* str, size_t len) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+    if (alphanumeric(str[i]) == -1) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Check if string can be encoded in numeric mode.
+constexpr bool is_numeric(const char* str, size_t len) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+    if (str[i] < '0' || str[i] > '9') return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Check if string can be encoded in kanji mode.
+constexpr bool is_kanji(const char* str, size_t len) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
+    uint16_t val = uint16_t(str[i]) | (uint16_t(str[i + 1]) << 8);
+    if (val < 0x8140 || val > 0xebbf || (val > 0x9ffc && val < 0xe040)) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Reed-Solomon Ecc generator polynomial for the given degree.
+constexpr void gf_gen_poly(int degree, uint8_t* poly) {
+  SetMem(poly, 0, degree);
+
+  uint8_t root = poly[degree - 1] = 1;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < degree; ++i) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < degree - 1; ++j) poly[j] = gf_mul(poly[j], root) ^ poly[j + 1];
+    poly[degree - 1] = gf_mul(poly[degree - 1], root);
+    root             = (root << 1) ^ ((root >> 7) * 0x11d);
+  }
+}
+
+// Polynomial division if Galois Field.
+constexpr void gf_poly_div(uint8_t* dividend, size_t len, uint8_t* divisor, int degree,
+                           uint8_t* result) {
+  SetMem(result, 0, degree);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    uint8_t factor = dividend[i] ^ result[0];
+    MoveMem(&result[0], &result[1], degree - 1);
+    result[degree - 1] = 0;
+    for (int j = 0; j < degree; ++j) result[j] ^= gf_mul(divisor[j], factor);
+  }
+}
+
+enum Ecc {
+  L,
+  M,
+  Q,
+  H,
+};
+
+enum Mode {
+  M_NUMERIC,
+  M_ALPHANUMERIC,
+  M_BYTE,
+  M_KANJI,
+};
+
+// Select appropriate encoding mode for string.
+constexpr Mode select_mode(const char* str, size_t len) {
+  if (is_numeric(str, len)) return M_NUMERIC;
+  if (is_alphanumeric(str, len)) return M_ALPHANUMERIC;
+  if (is_kanji(str, len)) return M_KANJI;
+  return M_BYTE;
+}
+
+// Return size of Character Control Indicator in bits for given version and
+// mode.
+constexpr int cci(int ver, Mode mode) {
+  constexpr int cnt[4][3] = {
+      {10, 12, 14},
+      {9, 11, 13},
+      {8, 16, 16},
+      {8, 10, 12},
+  };
+  if (ver < 10) return cnt[mode][0];
+  if (ver < 27) return cnt[mode][1];
+  return cnt[mode][2];
+}
+
+template <int V>
+struct Qr {
+ private:
+  friend class QrDelegate;
+  bool draw(int x, int y) noexcept;
+
+ public:
+  constexpr auto side_size() const { return SIDE; }
+
+  bool module(int x, int y);
+  bool encode(const char* str, size_t len, Ecc ecc, int mask = -1);
+
+ private:
+  bool encode_data(const char* data, size_t len, Ecc ecc, uint8_t* out);
+  void encode_ecc(uint8_t* data, Ecc ecc, uint8_t* out);
+
+  void add_data(uint8_t* data, uint8_t* patterns);
+  void add_patterns();
+  void add_version();
+  void add_format(Ecc ecc, int mask);
+  void reserve_patterns(uint8_t* out);
+
+  template <bool Black>
+  void draw_rect(int y, int x, int height, int width, uint8_t* out);
+  template <bool Black>
+  void draw_bound(int y, int x, int height, int width, uint8_t* out);
+
+  template <bool Horizontal>
+  int  rule_1_3_score();
+  int  penalty_score();
+  int  select_mask(Ecc ecc, uint8_t* patterns);
+  void apply_mask(int mask, uint8_t* patterns);
+
+ private:
+  static_assert(V >= 1 && V <= 40, "invalid version");
+  static constexpr int SIDE          = 17 + V * 4;
+  static constexpr int N_BITS        = SIDE * SIDE;
+  static constexpr int N_ALIGN       = V == 1 ? 0 : V / 7 + 2;
+  static constexpr int N_ALIGN_BITS  = V > 1 ? (N_ALIGN* N_ALIGN - 3) * 25 : 0;
+  static constexpr int N_TIMING_BITS = (SIDE - 16) * 2 - (10 * (V > 1 ? N_ALIGN - 2 : 0));
+  static constexpr int N_VER_BITS    = V > 6 ? 36 : 0;
+  static constexpr int N_DAT_BITS = N_BITS - (192 + N_ALIGN_BITS + N_TIMING_BITS + 31 + N_VER_BITS);
+  static constexpr int N_BYTES    = utl::bytes_in_bits(N_BITS);  // Actual number of bytes_in_bits
+                                                                 // required to store whole Qr code
+  static constexpr int N_DAT_BYTES =
+      utl::bytes_in_bits(N_DAT_BITS);  // Actual number of bytes_in_bits required to store
+                                       // [data + ecc]
+  static constexpr int N_DAT_CAPACITY =
+      N_DAT_BITS >> 3;  // Capacity of [data + ecc] without remainder bits
+ private:
+  /// @brief internal function to retrieve bit from a bitset.
+  uint8_t get_arr_bit(uint8_t* arr, unsigned bit) const { return utl::get_arr_bit(arr, bit); }
+
+  /// @brief internal function to set bit from a bitset.
+  void set_arr_bit(uint8_t* arr, unsigned bit) { utl::set_arr_bit(arr, bit); }
+
+  /// @brief internal function to clear bit from a bitset.
+  void clr_arr_bit(uint8_t* arr, unsigned bit) { utl::clr_arr_bit(arr, bit); }
+
+  uint8_t code[N_BYTES] = {};
+
+  bool status = false;
+};
+
+// Get color of a module from left-to-right and top-to-bottom. Black is true.
+template <int V>
+bool Qr<V>::module(int x, int y) {
+  return get_arr_bit(code, y * SIDE + x);
+}
+
+/// @brief draw a new QR code.
+template <int V>
+bool Qr<V>::draw(int whereX, int whereY) noexcept {
+  if (!this->status) return false;  // it may be invalid.
+
+  cg_init();
+
+  for (int y = 0; y < (this->side_size()); ++y) {
+    for (int x = 0; x < (this->side_size()); ++x) {
+      FBDrawInRegion((this->module(x, y) ? RGB(00, 00, 00) : RGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)), 1, 1,
+                     x + whereX, y + whereY);
+    }
+  }
+
+  cg_clear();
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Create Qr code with given error correction level. If mask == -1,
+// then best mask selected automatically. NOTE: Automatic mask is the
+// most expensive operation. Takes about 95 % of all computation time.
+template <int V>
+bool Qr<V>::encode(const char* str, size_t len, Ecc ecc, int mask) {
+  uint8_t data[N_DAT_BYTES]          = {};
+  uint8_t data_with_ecc[N_DAT_BYTES] = {};
+  uint8_t patterns[N_BYTES]          = {};
+
+  if (!encode_data(str, len, ecc, data)) {
+    return status = false;
+  }
+
+  encode_ecc(data, ecc, data_with_ecc);
+
+  reserve_patterns(patterns);
+  CopyMem(code, patterns, N_BYTES);
+
+  add_data(data_with_ecc, patterns);
+  add_patterns();
+  add_version();
+
+  mask = mask != -1 ? mask & 7 : select_mask(ecc, patterns);
+
+  add_format(ecc, mask);
+  apply_mask(mask, patterns);
+
+  return status = true;
+}
+
+template <int V>
+bool Qr<V>::encode_data(const char* data, size_t len, Ecc ecc, uint8_t* out) {
+  Mode mode = select_mode(data, len);
+
+  size_t n_bits = (N_DAT_CAPACITY - ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[ecc][V] * N_ECC_BLOCKS[ecc][V]) << 3;
+  size_t pos    = 0;
+
+  add_bits(1 << mode, 4, out, pos);
+  add_bits(len, cci(V, mode), out, pos);
+
+  if (mode == M_NUMERIC) {
+    const size_t triplets      = len / 3;
+    const size_t triplets_size = triplets * 3;
+    const size_t rem           = len % 3;
+    const size_t rem_bits      = rem == 2 ? 7 : rem == 1 ? 4 : 0;
+    const size_t total_size    = 10 * triplets + rem_bits;
+
+    if (pos + total_size > n_bits) return false;
+
+    char buf[4] = {};
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < triplets_size; i += 3) {
+      buf[0] = data[i];
+      buf[1] = data[i + 1];
+      buf[2] = data[i + 2];
+
+      uint16_t num = StringToLong(buf, NULL, 10);
+      add_bits(num, 10, out, pos);
+    }
+
+    if (rem) {
+      buf[0]   = data[triplets_size];
+      buf[1]   = data[triplets_size + 1];
+      buf[rem] = 0;
+
+      uint16_t num = StringToLong(buf, NULL, 10);
+      add_bits(num, rem_bits, out, pos);
+    }
+  } else if (mode == M_ALPHANUMERIC) {
+    if (pos + 11 * (int(len & ~1ul) / 2) > n_bits) return false;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < int(len & ~1ul); i += 2) {
+      uint16_t num = alphanumeric(data[i]) * 45 + alphanumeric(data[i + 1]);
+      add_bits(num, 11, out, pos);
+    }
+    if (len & 1) {
+      if (pos + 6 > n_bits) return false;
+
+      add_bits(alphanumeric(data[len - 1]), 6, out, pos);
+    }
+  } else if (mode == M_BYTE) {
+    if (pos + len * 8 > n_bits) return false;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) add_bits(data[i], 8, out, pos);
+  } else {
+    if (pos + 13 * (len / 2) > n_bits) return false;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
+      uint16_t val = ((uint8_t) data[i]) | (((uint8_t) data[i + 1]) << 8);
+      uint16_t res = 0;
+      val -= val < 0x9FFC ? 0x8140 : 0xC140;
+      res += val & 0xff;
+      res += (val >> 8) * 0xc0;
+      add_bits(res, 13, out, pos);
+    }
+  }
+
+  size_t padding = n_bits - pos;
+  size_t i       = 0;
+
+  add_bits(0, padding > 4 ? 4 : padding, out, pos);
+
+  if (pos & 7) add_bits(0, (8 - pos) & 7, out, pos);
+
+  while (pos < n_bits) add_bits(++i & 1 ? 0xec : 0x11, 8, out, pos);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <int V>
+void Qr<V>::encode_ecc(uint8_t* data, Ecc ecc, uint8_t* out) {
+  int n_blocks = N_ECC_BLOCKS[ecc][V];
+  int ecc_len  = ECC_CODEWORDS_PER_BLOCK[ecc][V];
+
+  int n_data_bytes = N_DAT_CAPACITY - ecc_len * n_blocks;
+
+  int n_short_blocks = n_blocks - N_DAT_CAPACITY % n_blocks;
+  int short_len      = N_DAT_CAPACITY / n_blocks - ecc_len;
+
+  uint8_t gen_poly[30];
+  uint8_t ecc_buf[30];
+
+  gf_gen_poly(ecc_len, gen_poly);
+
+  uint8_t* data_ptr = data;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < n_blocks; ++i) {
+    int data_len = short_len;
+
+    if (i >= n_short_blocks) ++data_len;
+
+    gf_poly_div(data_ptr, data_len, gen_poly, ecc_len, ecc_buf);
+
+    for (int j = 0, k = i; j < data_len; ++j, k += n_blocks) {
+      if (j == short_len) k -= n_short_blocks;
+      out[k] = data_ptr[j];
+    }
+    for (int j = 0, k = n_data_bytes + i; j < ecc_len; ++j, k += n_blocks) out[k] = ecc_buf[j];
+
+    data_ptr += data_len;
+  }
+}
+
+template <int V>
+void Qr<V>::add_data(uint8_t* data, uint8_t* patterns) {
+  int data_pos = 0;
+
+  for (int x = SIDE - 1; x >= 1; x -= 2) {
+    if (x == 6) x = 5;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < SIDE; ++i) {
+      int y     = !((x + 1) & 2) ? SIDE - 1 - i : i;
+      int coord = y * SIDE + x;
+
+      if (!get_arr_bit(patterns, coord)) {
+        if (get_bit_r(data, data_pos)) set_arr_bit(code, coord);
+
+        ++data_pos;
+      }
+
+      if (!get_arr_bit(patterns, coord - 1)) {
+        if (get_bit_r(data, data_pos)) set_arr_bit(code, coord - 1);
+
+        ++data_pos;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <int V>
+void Qr<V>::add_patterns() {
+  // White bounds inside finders
+  draw_bound<false>(1, 1, 5, 5, code);
+  draw_bound<false>(1, SIDE - 6, 5, 5, code);
+  draw_bound<false>(SIDE - 6, 1, 5, 5, code);
+
+  // Finish alignment patterns
+  for (int i = 0; i < N_ALIGN; ++i) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < N_ALIGN; ++j) {
+      if ((!i && !j) || (!i && j == N_ALIGN - 1) || (!j && i == N_ALIGN - 1)) continue;
+      draw_bound<false>(ALIGN_POS[V][i] - 1, ALIGN_POS[V][j] - 1, 3, 3, code);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draw white separators
+  draw_rect<false>(7, 0, 1, 8, code);
+  draw_rect<false>(0, 7, 8, 1, code);
+  draw_rect<false>(SIDE - 8, 0, 1, 8, code);
+  draw_rect<false>(SIDE - 8, 7, 8, 1, code);
+  draw_rect<false>(7, SIDE - 8, 1, 8, code);
+  draw_rect<false>(0, SIDE - 8, 8, 1, code);
+
+  // Perforate timing patterns
+  for (int i = 7; i < SIDE - 7; i += 2) {
+    clr_arr_bit(code, 6 * SIDE + i);
+    clr_arr_bit(code, i * SIDE + 6);
+  }
+}
+
+template <int V>
+void Qr<V>::add_version() {
+  if (V < 7) return;
+
+  uint32_t rem = V;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 12; ++i) rem = (rem << 1) ^ ((rem >> 11) * 0x1F25);
+
+  uint32_t data = V << 12 | rem;
+
+  for (int x = 0; x < 6; ++x) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
+      int y = SIDE - 11 + j;
+
+      bool black = (data >> (x * 3 + j)) & 1;
+
+      if (!black) {
+        clr_arr_bit(code, y * SIDE + x);
+        clr_arr_bit(code, y + SIDE * x);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <int V>
+void Qr<V>::add_format(Ecc ecc, int mask) {
+  int data = (ecc ^ 1) << 3 | mask;
+  int rem  = data;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) rem = (rem << 1) ^ ((rem >> 9) * 0b10100110111);
+
+  int res = (data << 10 | rem) ^ 0b101010000010010;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+    if ((res >> i) & 1) {
+      set_arr_bit(code, SIDE * 8 + SIDE - 1 - i);
+      set_arr_bit(code, SIDE * i + 8);
+    } else {
+      clr_arr_bit(code, SIDE * 8 + SIDE - 1 - i);
+      clr_arr_bit(code, SIDE * i + 8);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 6; i < 8; ++i) {
+    if ((res >> i) & 1) {
+      set_arr_bit(code, SIDE * 8 + SIDE - 1 - i);
+      set_arr_bit(code, SIDE * (i + 1) + 8);
+    } else {
+      clr_arr_bit(code, SIDE * 8 + SIDE - 1 - i);
+      clr_arr_bit(code, SIDE * (i + 1) + 8);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ((res >> 8) & 1) {
+    set_arr_bit(code, SIDE * 8 + 7);
+    set_arr_bit(code, SIDE * (SIDE - 7) + 8);
+  } else {
+    clr_arr_bit(code, SIDE * 8 + 7);
+    clr_arr_bit(code, SIDE * (SIDE - 7) + 8);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 9, j = 5; i < 15; ++i, --j) {
+    if ((res >> i) & 1) {
+      set_arr_bit(code, SIDE * 8 + j);
+      set_arr_bit(code, SIDE * (SIDE - 1 - j) + 8);
+    } else {
+      clr_arr_bit(code, SIDE * 8 + j);
+      clr_arr_bit(code, SIDE * (SIDE - 1 - j) + 8);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <int V>
+template <bool B>
+void Qr<V>::draw_rect(int y, int x, int height, int width, uint8_t* out) {
+  if (B) {
+    for (int dy = y * SIDE; dy < (y + height) * SIDE; dy += SIDE)
+      for (int dx = x; dx < x + width; ++dx) set_arr_bit(out, dy + dx);
+  } else {
+    for (int dy = y * SIDE; dy < (y + height) * SIDE; dy += SIDE)
+      for (int dx = x; dx < x + width; ++dx) clr_arr_bit(out, dy + dx);
+  }
+}
+
+template <int V>
+template <bool B>
+void Qr<V>::draw_bound(int y, int x, int height, int width, uint8_t* out) {
+  if (B) {
+    for (int i = y * SIDE + x; i < y * SIDE + x + width; ++i) set_arr_bit(out, i);
+    for (int i = (y + height - 1) * SIDE + x; i < (y + height - 1) * SIDE + x + width; ++i)
+      set_arr_bit(out, i);
+    for (int i = (y + 1) * SIDE + x; i < (y + height - 1) * SIDE + x; i += SIDE)
+      set_arr_bit(out, i);
+    for (int i = (y + 1) * SIDE + x + width - 1; i < (y + height - 1) * SIDE + x + width - 1;
+         i += SIDE)
+      set_arr_bit(out, i);
+  } else {
+    for (int i = y * SIDE + x; i < y * SIDE + x + width; ++i) clr_arr_bit(out, i);
+    for (int i = (y + height - 1) * SIDE + x; i < (y + height - 1) * SIDE + x + width; ++i)
+      clr_arr_bit(out, i);
+    for (int i = (y + 1) * SIDE + x; i < (y + height - 1) * SIDE + x; i += SIDE)
+      clr_arr_bit(out, i);
+    for (int i = (y + 1) * SIDE + x + width - 1; i < (y + height - 1) * SIDE + x + width - 1;
+         i += SIDE)
+      clr_arr_bit(out, i);
+  }
+}
+
+template <int V>
+void Qr<V>::reserve_patterns(uint8_t* out) {
+  draw_rect<true>(0, 6, SIDE, 1, out);
+  draw_rect<true>(6, 0, 1, SIDE, out);
+
+  draw_rect<true>(0, 0, 9, 9, out);
+  draw_rect<true>(SIDE - 8, 0, 8, 9, out);
+  draw_rect<true>(0, SIDE - 8, 9, 8, out);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < N_ALIGN; ++i) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < N_ALIGN; ++j) {
+      if ((!i && !j) || (!i && j == N_ALIGN - 1) || (!j && i == N_ALIGN - 1)) continue;
+      draw_rect<true>(ALIGN_POS[V][i] - 2, ALIGN_POS[V][j] - 2, 5, 5, out);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (V >= 7) {
+    draw_rect<true>(SIDE - 11, 0, 3, 6, out);
+    draw_rect<true>(0, SIDE - 11, 6, 3, out);
+  }
+}
+
+template <int V>
+template <bool H>
+int Qr<V>::rule_1_3_score() {
+  constexpr int y_max  = H ? N_BITS : SIDE;
+  constexpr int x_max  = H ? SIDE : N_BITS;
+  constexpr int y_step = H ? SIDE : 1;
+  constexpr int x_step = H ? 1 : SIDE;
+
+  int res = 0;
+
+  for (int y = 0; y < y_max; y += y_step) {
+    bool color  = get_arr_bit(code, y);
+    int  finder = color;
+    int  cnt    = 1;
+    for (int x = 1; x < x_max; x += x_step) {
+      if (get_arr_bit(code, y + x) == color) {
+        ++cnt;
+        if (cnt == 5) res += 3;
+        if (cnt > 5) ++res;
+      } else {
+        color = !color;
+        cnt   = 1;
+      }
+      // Finder-like
+      finder = ((finder << 1) & 0x7ff) | color;
+      if (x >= x_step * 10) {
+        if (finder == 0x05d || finder == 0x5d0) res += 40;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+template <int V>
+int Qr<V>::penalty_score() {
+  int res = 0;
+
+  res += rule_1_3_score<true>();
+  res += rule_1_3_score<false>();
+
+  for (int y = 0; y < N_BITS - SIDE; y += SIDE) {
+    for (int x = 0; x < SIDE - 1; ++x) {
+      bool c = get_arr_bit(code, y + x);
+
+      if (c == get_arr_bit(code, y + x + 1) && c == get_arr_bit(code, y + x + SIDE) &&
+          c == get_arr_bit(code, y + x + SIDE + 1))
+        res += 3;
+    }
+  }
+
+  int black = 0;
+  for (int y = 0; y < N_BITS; y += SIDE) {
+    for (int x = 0; x < SIDE; ++x) black += get_arr_bit(code, y + x);
+  }
+  res += abs((black * 100) / N_BITS - 50) / 5 * 10;
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+template <int V>
+int Qr<V>::select_mask(Ecc ecc, uint8_t* patterns) {
+  unsigned min_score = -1;
+  unsigned score     = 0;
+  uint8_t  mask      = 0;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+    add_format(ecc, i);
+    apply_mask(i, patterns);
+    score = penalty_score();
+    if (score < min_score) {
+      mask      = i;
+      min_score = score;
+    }
+    apply_mask(i, patterns);
+  }
+  return mask;
+}
+
+template <int V>
+void Qr<V>::apply_mask(int mask, uint8_t* patterns) {
+  for (int y = 0, dy = 0; y < SIDE; ++y, dy += SIDE) {
+    for (int x = 0; x < SIDE; ++x) {
+      int coord = dy + x;
+
+      if (get_arr_bit(patterns, coord)) continue;
+
+      bool keep = true;
+
+      switch (mask) {
+        case 0:
+          keep = (x + y) & 1;
+          break;
+        case 1:
+          keep = y & 1;
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          keep = x % 3;
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          keep = (x + y) % 3;
+          break;
+        case 4:
+          keep = (y / 2 + x / 3) & 1;
+          break;
+        case 5:
+          keep = x * y % 2 + x * y % 3;
+          break;
+        case 6:
+          keep = (x * y % 2 + x * y % 3) & 1;
+          break;
+        case 7:
+          keep = ((x + y) % 2 + x * y % 3) & 1;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      if (!keep) {
+        if (get_arr_bit(code, coord))
+          clr_arr_bit(code, coord);
+        else
+          set_arr_bit(code, coord);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// @brief QR code encoder class.
+class QrDelegate final {
+ public:
+  explicit QrDelegate() = default;
+  ~QrDelegate()         = default;
+
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(QrDelegate)
+
+  /// @brief Draw method delegate.
+  template <Int32 V>
+  bool draw(Qr<V>& subject, Int32 x, Int32 y) noexcept {
+    return subject.draw(x, y);
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace qr
+
+namespace Kernel::Qr {
+using namespace qr;
+}  // namespace Kernel::Qr
+
+#endif  // QR_H
\ No newline at end of file