masm: fix assembler bug where addr1, 0x0 (add r1, 0x0) doesn't error

out.
cc/ccplus: minor compiler changes, will get to them very soon...
refactor: rename C++Kit to CompilerKit.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal.elmahrouss@icloud.com>

13 files changed, 1149 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/CompilerKit/AsmKit/Arch/32k.hpp b/CompilerKit/AsmKit/Arch/32k.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..460a905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/AsmKit/Arch/32k.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	C++Kit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/Defines.hpp>
+
+// @brief 32x0 support.
+// @file Arch/64k.hpp
+
+#define kAsmOpcodeDecl(__NAME, __OPCODE, __FUNCT3, __FUNCT7) \
+    { .fName = __NAME, .fOpcode = __OPCODE, .fFunct3 = __FUNCT3, .fFunct7 = __FUNCT7 },
+
+
+
+// placeholder for funct7/funct7-rs2
+#define kAsmImmediate 0x00
+#define kAsmSyscall 0x02
+#define kAsmJump 0x03
+
+#define kAsmByte  0
+#define kAsmHWord 1
+#define kAsmWord  2
+
+struct CpuCode32x0
+{
+    const char fName[16];
+    char fOpcode;
+    char fSize;
+    char fFunct3;
+    char fFunct7;
+};
+
+#define kAsmWordStr  ".w"
+#define kAsmHWordStr ".h"
+#define kAsmByteStr  ".b"
+
+inline std::vector<CpuCode32x0> kOpcodes32x0 = {
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("nop", 0b0100011, 0b0000000, kAsmImmediate) // nothing to do.
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("jmp", 0b1110011, 0b0000011, kAsmJump) // jump to branch
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("move", 0b0100011, 0b101, kAsmImmediate)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("push", 0b0111011, 0b0, kAsmImmediate) // push to sp
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("pop", 0b0111011, 0b1, kAsmImmediate) // pop from sp.
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("int", 0b0111111, 0b0, kAsmSyscall) // raise interrupt
+};
+
+// \brief NewCPU register prefix
+// example: r32, r0
+// r32 -> sp
+// r0 -> hw zero
+
+#define kAsmRegisterPrefix "r"
+#define kAsmRegisterLimit  20
+#define kAsmPcRegister     17
+#define kAsmCrRegister     18
+#define kAsmSpRegister     5
+
+/* return address register */
+#define kAsmRetRegister    19
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// SYSTEM CALL ADDRESSING
+
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 |              OFF                 |
+
+// IMMEDIATE ADDRESSING
+
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 | REG      |  OFF     |
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 | REG      |  OFF     |       REG      |
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 | REG      |  REG     |       OFF      |
+
+// REG TO REG ADDRESSING
+
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 | REG      |  REG2    |
+
+////////////////////////////////
+
+// LOAD/CALL INTERRUPTS
+
+// SET A HANDLER IN ADDRESS: TODO: find one
+// DISABLE INTERRUPTS
+// PROCESS INTERRUPT
+// ENABLE INTERRUPTS
+
+////////////////////////////////
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CompilerKit/AsmKit/Arch/64k.hpp b/CompilerKit/AsmKit/Arch/64k.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5c5253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/AsmKit/Arch/64k.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	C++Kit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/Defines.hpp>
+
+// @brief 64x0 support.
+// @file Arch/64k.hpp
+
+#define kAsmOpcodeDecl(__NAME, __OPCODE, __FUNCT3, __FUNCT7) \
+    { .fName = __NAME, .fOpcode = __OPCODE, .fFunct3 = __FUNCT3, .fFunct7 = __FUNCT7 },
+
+
+
+// placeholder for funct7/funct7-rs2
+#define kAsmImmediate 0x00
+#define kAsmRegToReg 0x01
+#define kAsmSyscall 0x02
+#define kAsmJump 0x03
+
+struct CpuCode64x0
+{
+    const char fName[16];
+    char fOpcode;
+    char fFunct3;
+    char fFunct7;
+};
+
+inline std::vector<CpuCode64x0> kOpcodes64x0 = {
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("np", 0b0100011, 0b0000000, kAsmImmediate) // mv r0, r0
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("jb", 0b1110011, 0b0000011, kAsmJump) // jump to branch
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("jlr", 0b1110011, 0b0000111, kAsmJump) // jump and link return register
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("jrl", 0b1110011, 0b0001111, kAsmJump) // jump to register link
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("jr", 0b1110011, 0b0001011, kAsmJump) // jump to register
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("jal", 0b1110011, 0b0000001, kAsmJump)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("mv", 0b0100011, 0b101, kAsmRegToReg)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("psh", 0b0111011, 0b0, kAsmImmediate) // push to sp
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("pop", 0b0111011, 0b1, kAsmImmediate) // pop from sp.
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("bg", 0b1100111, 0b111, kAsmRegToReg)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("bl", 0b1100111, 0b011, kAsmRegToReg)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("beq", 0b1100111, 0b000, kAsmRegToReg)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("bne", 0b1100111, 0b001, kAsmRegToReg)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("bge", 0b1100111, 0b101, kAsmRegToReg)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("ble", 0b1100111, 0b100, kAsmRegToReg)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("stw", 0b0001111, 0b100, kAsmImmediate)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("ldw", 0b0001111, 0b100, kAsmImmediate)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("lda", 0b0001111, 0b101, kAsmImmediate)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("sta", 0b0001111, 0b001, kAsmImmediate)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("add", 0b0101011, 0b100, kAsmImmediate)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("dec", 0b0101011, 0b101, kAsmImmediate)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("scall", 0b1110011, 0b00, kAsmSyscall)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("sbreak", 0b1110011, 0b01, kAsmSyscall)
+        kAsmOpcodeDecl("mh", 0b1110011, 0b1111111, kAsmJump)
+};
+
+// \brief NewCPU register prefix
+// example: r32, r0
+// r32 -> sp
+// r0 -> hw zero
+
+#define kAsmRegisterPrefix "r"
+#define kAsmRegisterLimit  20
+#define kAsmPcRegister     17
+#define kAsmCrRegister     18
+#define kAsmSpRegister     5
+
+/* return address register */
+#define kAsmRetRegister    19
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// SYSTEM CALL ADDRESSING
+
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 |              OFF                 |
+
+// IMMEDIATE ADDRESSING
+
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 | REG      |  OFF     |
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 | REG      |  OFF     |       REG      |
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 | REG      |  REG     |       OFF      |
+
+// REG TO REG ADDRESSING
+
+// | OPCODE | FUNCT3 | FUNCT7 | REG      |  REG2    |
+
+////////////////////////////////
+
+// LOAD/CALL INTERRUPTS
+
+// SET A HANDLER IN ADDRESS: TODO: find one
+// DISABLE INTERRUPTS
+// PROCESS INTERRUPT
+// ENABLE INTERRUPTS
+
+////////////////////////////////
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CompilerKit/AsmKit/AsmKit.cc b/CompilerKit/AsmKit/AsmKit.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ee031f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/AsmKit/AsmKit.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	C++Kit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#include <AsmKit/AsmKit.hpp>
+#include <StdKit/ErrorID.hpp>
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+//! @file AsmKit.cpp
+//! @brief AssemblyKit
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+	//! @brief Compile for specific format (ELF, PEF, ZBIN)
+	Int32 AssemblyFactory::Compile(StringView& sourceFile, 
+                                   const Int32& arch) noexcept
+	{
+		if (sourceFile.Length() < 1 ||
+			!fMounted)	
+			return CXXKIT_UNIMPLEMENTED;
+		
+		return fMounted->CompileToFormat(sourceFile, arch);		
+	}
+	
+	//! @brief mount assembly backend.
+	void AssemblyFactory::Mount(AssemblyMountpoint* mountPtr) noexcept
+	{
+		if (mountPtr)
+			fMounted = mountPtr;
+	}
+	
+	AssemblyMountpoint* AssemblyFactory::Unmount() noexcept
+	{
+		auto mount_prev = fMounted;
+		
+		if (mount_prev)
+			fMounted = nullptr;
+		
+		return mount_prev;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/CompilerKit/AsmKit/AsmKit.hpp b/CompilerKit/AsmKit/AsmKit.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f512507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/AsmKit/AsmKit.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	C++Kit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/Compiler.hpp>
+#include <CompilerKit/Defines.hpp>
+#include <CompilerKit/StdKit/String.hpp>
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+	//
+	//	@brief Frontend to Assembly mountpoint.
+	//
+	class AssemblyMountpoint
+	{
+	public:
+    	explicit AssemblyMountpoint() = default;
+    	virtual ~AssemblyMountpoint() = default;
+
+		CXXKIT_COPY_DEFAULT(AssemblyMountpoint);
+
+		//@ brief compile to object file.
+		// Example C++ -> MASM -> AE object.
+		virtual Int32 CompileToFormat(StringView& src, Int32 arch) = 0;
+
+	};
+	
+    /// @brief Simple assembly factory
+    class AssemblyFactory final
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit AssemblyFactory() = default;
+        ~AssemblyFactory() = default;
+
+		CXXKIT_COPY_DEFAULT(AssemblyFactory);
+
+	public:
+		enum
+		{
+			kArchAMD64,
+			kArch32x0,
+			kArch64x0,
+			kArchRISCV,
+			kArchUnknown,
+		};
+
+        Int32 Compile(StringView& sourceFile, const Int32& arch) noexcept;
+
+		void Mount(AssemblyMountpoint* mountPtr) noexcept;
+		AssemblyMountpoint* Unmount() noexcept;
+
+	private:
+		AssemblyMountpoint* fMounted{ nullptr };
+
+    };
+}
diff --git a/CompilerKit/Defines.hpp b/CompilerKit/Defines.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00c75f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/Defines.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	C++Kit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#ifndef __CXXKIT_DEFINES_HPP__
+#define __CXXKIT_DEFINES_HPP__
+
+#ifndef Yes
+#define Yes true
+#endif // ifndef Yes
+
+#ifndef No
+#define No false
+#endif // ifndef No
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define SizeType size_t
+
+#define VoidPtr void*
+#define voidPtr VoidPtr
+
+#define UIntPtr uintptr_t
+
+#define Int64 int64_t
+#define UInt64 uint64_t
+
+#define Int32 int32_t
+#define UInt32 uint32_t
+
+#define Bool bool
+
+#define Int16 int16_t
+#define UInt16 uint16_t
+
+#define Int8 int8_t
+#define UInt8 uint8_t
+
+#define CharType char
+#define Boolean bool
+
+#include <new>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#define nullPtr std::nullptr_t
+
+#define MUST_PASS(E) assert(E)
+
+#ifndef __FORCE_STRLEN
+#	define __FORCE_STRLEN 1
+
+#	define string_length(len) strlen(len)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __FORCE_MEMCPY
+#	define __FORCE_MEMCPY 1
+
+#	define rt_copy_memory(dst, src, len) memcpy(dst, src, len)
+#endif
+
+#define CXXKIT_COPY_DELETE(KLASS)                                                                                         \
+    KLASS &operator=(const KLASS &) = delete;                                                                          \
+    KLASS(const KLASS &) = delete;
+
+
+#define CXXKIT_COPY_DEFAULT(KLASS)                                                                                        \
+    KLASS &operator=(const KLASS &) = default;                                                                         \
+    KLASS(const KLASS &) = default;
+
+
+#define CXXKIT_MOVE_DELETE(KLASS)                                                                                         \
+    KLASS &operator=(KLASS &&) = delete;                                                                               \
+    KLASS(KLASS &&) = delete;
+
+
+#define CXXKIT_MOVE_DEFAULT(KLASS)                                                                                        \
+    KLASS &operator=(KLASS &&) = default;                                                                              \
+    KLASS(KLASS &&) = default;
+
+
+
+#include <ctime>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+    inline constexpr int BASE_YEAR = 1900;
+
+    inline std::string current_date()
+    {
+		auto time_data = time(nullptr);
+		auto time_struct = gmtime(&time_data);
+
+        std::string fmt = std::to_string(BASE_YEAR + time_struct->tm_year);
+        fmt += "-";
+        fmt += std::to_string(time_struct->tm_mon + 1);
+        fmt += "-";
+        fmt += std::to_string(time_struct->tm_mday);
+
+        return fmt;
+    }
+
+	inline bool to_str(CharType *str, Int32 limit, Int32 base)
+    {
+        if (limit == 0)
+            return false;
+
+        Int32 copy_limit = limit;
+        Int32 cnt = 0;
+        Int32 ret = base;
+
+        while (limit != 1) {
+            ret = ret % 10;
+            str[cnt] = ret;
+
+            ++cnt;
+            --limit;
+            --ret;
+        }
+
+        str[copy_limit] = '\0';
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+#define kObjectFileExt     ".o"
+#define kAsmFileExt64x0    ".64x"
+
+#endif /* ifndef __CXXKIT_DEFINES_HPP__ */
diff --git a/CompilerKit/ParserKit.hpp b/CompilerKit/ParserKit.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce207a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/ParserKit.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	C++Kit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/AsmKit/AsmKit.hpp>
+
+namespace ParserKit
+{
+    using namespace CompilerKit;
+
+    class CompilerBackend
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit CompilerBackend() = default;
+        virtual ~CompilerBackend() = default;
+
+        CXXKIT_COPY_DEFAULT(CompilerBackend);
+
+        // NOTE: cast this to your user defined ast.
+        typedef void* AstType;
+
+        //! @brief Compile a syntax tree ouf of the text.
+        //! Also takes the source file name for metadata.
+        
+        virtual bool Compile(const std::string& text, const char* file) = 0;
+
+        //! @brief What language are we dealing with?
+        virtual const char* Language() { return "Generic Language"; }
+
+    };
+
+    struct SyntaxLeafList;
+    struct SyntaxLeafList;
+
+    struct SyntaxLeafList final
+    {
+        struct SyntaxLeaf final
+        {
+            Int32 fUserType;
+            std::string fUserData;
+            std::string fUserValue;
+            struct SyntaxLeaf* fNext;
+        };
+        
+        std::vector<SyntaxLeaf> fLeafList;
+        SizeType fNumLeafs;
+
+        size_t SizeOf() { return fNumLeafs; }
+        std::vector<SyntaxLeaf>& Get() { return fLeafList; }
+        SyntaxLeaf& At(size_t index) { return fLeafList[index]; }
+
+    };
+
+    /// find the perfect matching word in a haystack.
+    /// \param haystack base string
+    /// \param needle the string we search for.
+    /// \return if we found it or not.
+    inline bool find_word(const std::string& haystack,const std::string& needle) noexcept
+    {
+        auto index = haystack.find(needle);
+
+        // check for needle validity.
+        if (index == std::string::npos)
+            return false;
+
+        // declare lambda
+        auto not_part_of_word = [&](int index){
+            if (std::isspace(haystack[index]) || std::ispunct(haystack[index]))
+                return true;
+
+            if (index < 0 || index >= haystack.size())
+                return true;
+
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        return not_part_of_word(index - 1) &&
+                not_part_of_word(index + needle.size());
+    }
+
+    inline bool find_word_strict(const std::string& haystack, const std::string& needle) noexcept
+    {
+        return ParserKit::find_word(haystack, needle) &&
+              isspace(haystack[haystack.find(needle) + needle.size() + 1]);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CompilerKit/StdKit/AE.hpp b/CompilerKit/StdKit/AE.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aafc20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/StdKit/AE.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * ========================================================
+ *
+ *      C++Kit
+ *      Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * ========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/Defines.hpp>
+
+#define kAEMag0 'A'
+#define kAEMag1 'E'
+
+#define kAESymbolLen 64
+#define kAEPad    8
+#define kAEMagLen 2
+#define kAEInvalidOpcode 0x00
+
+// Advanced Executable File Format for MetroLink.
+// Reloctable by offset is the default strategy.
+// You can also relocate at runtime but that's up to the operating system loader.
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+	// @brief Advanced Executable Header
+	// One thing to keep in mind.
+	// This object format, is reloctable.
+	typedef struct AEHeader final
+	{
+		CharType fMagic[kAEMagLen];
+		CharType fArch;
+		SizeType fCount;
+		CharType fSize;
+        SizeType fStartCode;
+        SizeType fCodeSize;
+		CharType fPad[kAEPad];
+	} __attribute__((packed)) AEHeader, *AEHeaderPtr;
+
+	// @brief Advanced Executable Record.
+	// Could be data, code or bss.
+	// fKind must be filled with PEF fields.
+
+	typedef struct AERecordHeader final
+	{
+		CharType fName[kAESymbolLen];
+        SizeType fKind;
+		SizeType fSize;
+		SizeType fFlags;
+		UIntPtr fOffset;
+        CharType fPad[kAEPad];
+	} __attribute__((packed)) AERecordHeader, *AERecordHeaderPtr;
+
+	enum
+	{
+		kKindRelocationByOffset = 0x23f,
+		kKindRelocationAtRuntime = 0x34f,
+	};
+}
diff --git a/CompilerKit/StdKit/ErrorID.hpp b/CompilerKit/StdKit/ErrorID.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4b204c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/StdKit/ErrorID.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	CompilerKit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <StdKit/ErrorOr.hpp>
+#include <Defines.hpp>
+
+#define CXXKIT_EXEC_ERROR -30
+#define CXXKIT_FILE_NOT_FOUND -31
+#define CXXKIT_DIR_NOT_FOUND -32
+#define CXXKIT_FILE_EXISTS -33
+#define CXXKIT_TOO_LONG -34
+#define CXXKIT_INVALID_DATA -35
+#define CXXKIT_UNIMPLEMENTED -36
+#define CXXKIT_FAT_ERROR -37
diff --git a/CompilerKit/StdKit/ErrorOr.hpp b/CompilerKit/StdKit/ErrorOr.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2457df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/StdKit/ErrorOr.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	CompilerKit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/Defines.hpp>
+#include <CompilerKit/StdKit/Ref.hpp>
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+using ErrorT = UInt32;
+
+template <typename T> 
+class ErrorOr final
+{
+  public:
+    ErrorOr() = default;
+    ~ErrorOr() = default;
+
+  public:
+    explicit ErrorOr(Int32 err) 
+        : mId(err)
+    {}
+
+    explicit ErrorOr(nullPtr Null)
+    {}
+
+    explicit ErrorOr(T Class) 
+        : mRef(Class)
+    {}
+
+    ErrorOr &operator=(const ErrorOr &) = default;
+    ErrorOr(const ErrorOr &) = default;
+
+    Ref<T> Leak()
+    {
+        return mRef;
+    }
+    
+    operator bool()
+    {
+        return mRef;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    Ref<T> mRef;
+    Int32 mId{0};
+};
+
+using ErrorOrAny = ErrorOr<voidPtr>;
+
+} // namespace CompilerKit
diff --git a/CompilerKit/StdKit/PEF.hpp b/CompilerKit/StdKit/PEF.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ff77f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/StdKit/PEF.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	C++Kit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/Defines.hpp>
+
+#define kPefMagic    "PEF"
+#define kPefMagicFat "FEP"
+
+#define kPefMagicLen 3
+
+#define kPefVersion 1
+#define kPefNameLen 64
+
+// Protable Executable Format, a format designed for any computer.
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+    enum
+    {
+        kPefArchIntel86S = 100,
+        kPefArchAMD64,
+        kPefArchRISCV,
+	    kPefArch64000, /* Advanced RISC architecture. */
+        kPefArch32000,
+        kPefArchInvalid = 0xFF,
+    };
+
+    enum
+    {
+        kPefKindExec = 1, /* .o/.pef/<none>  */
+        kPefKindSharedObject = 2, /* .lib */
+        kPefKindObject = 4, /* .obj */
+        kPefKindDwarf = 5, /* .dsym */
+    };
+
+    /* PEF container */
+    typedef struct PEFContainer final
+    {
+        CharType Magic[kPefMagicLen];
+        UInt32 Linker;
+        UInt32 Version;
+        UInt32 Kind;
+        UInt32 Abi;
+        UInt32 Cpu;
+        UInt32 SubCpu; /* Cpu specific information */
+        UIntPtr Start;
+        SizeType HdrSz; /* Size of header */
+        SizeType Count; /* container header count */
+    } __attribute__((packed)) PEFContainer;
+
+    /* First PEFCommandHeader starts after PEFContainer */
+    /* Last container is __exec_end */
+
+    /* PEF executable section and commands. */
+
+    typedef struct PEFCommandHeader final
+    {
+        CharType Name[kPefNameLen]; /* container name */
+        UInt32 Flags; /* container flags */
+        UInt16 Kind; /* container kind */
+        UIntPtr Offset; /* file offset */
+        SizeType Size; /* file size */
+    } __attribute__((packed)) PEFCommandHeader;
+
+    enum
+    {
+        kPefCode = 0xC,
+        kPefData = 0xD,
+        kPefZero = 0xE,
+	    kPefLinkerID = 0x1,
+    };
+}
+
+#define kPefExt ".o"
+#define kPefDylibExt ".so"
+#define kPefObjectExt ".o"
+#define kPefDebugExt ".dbg"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CompilerKit/StdKit/Ref.hpp b/CompilerKit/StdKit/Ref.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ca540a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/StdKit/Ref.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	CompilerKit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/Defines.hpp>
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+    // @author Western Company
+    // @brief Reference class, refers to a pointer of data in static memory.
+    template <typename T>
+    class Ref final
+    {
+    public:
+        Ref() = default;
+        ~Ref() = default;
+
+    public:
+        Ref(T cls, const bool &strong = false) : m_Class(cls), m_Strong(strong) {}
+
+        Ref &operator=(T ref)
+        {
+            m_Class = ref;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+    public:
+        T operator->() const
+        {
+            return m_Class;
+        }
+
+        T &Leak()
+        {
+            return m_Class;
+        }
+
+        T operator*()
+        {
+            return m_Class;
+        }
+
+        bool IsStrong() const
+        {
+            return m_Strong;
+        }
+
+        operator bool()
+        {
+            return m_Class;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        T m_Class;
+        bool m_Strong{ false };
+
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class NonNullRef final
+    {
+    public:
+        NonNullRef() = delete;
+        NonNullRef(nullPtr) = delete;
+
+        NonNullRef(T *ref) : m_Ref(ref, true) {}
+
+        Ref<T> &operator->()
+        {
+            MUST_PASS(m_Ref);
+            return m_Ref;
+        }
+
+        NonNullRef &operator=(const NonNullRef<T> &ref) = delete;
+        NonNullRef(const NonNullRef<T> &ref) = default;
+
+    private:
+        Ref<T> m_Ref{ nullptr };
+        
+    };
+} // namespace CompilerKit
diff --git a/CompilerKit/StdKit/String.cc b/CompilerKit/StdKit/String.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f11404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/StdKit/String.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	CompilerKit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#include "String.hpp"
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+    CharType* StringView::Data()
+    {
+        return m_Data.data();
+    }
+
+    const CharType* StringView::CData() const
+    {
+        return m_Data.c_str();
+    }
+
+    SizeType StringView::Length() const
+    {
+        return m_Data.size();
+    }
+
+    bool StringView::operator==(const StringView &rhs) const
+    {
+        if (rhs.Length() != Length())
+            return false;
+
+        for (SizeType index = 0; index < Length(); ++index)
+        {
+            if (rhs.m_Data[index] != m_Data[index])
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StringView::operator==(const CharType *rhs) const
+    {
+        if (string_length(rhs) != Length())
+            return false;
+
+        for (SizeType index = 0; index < string_length(rhs); ++index)
+        {
+            if (rhs[index] != m_Data[index])
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StringView::operator!=(const StringView &rhs) const
+    {
+        if (rhs.Length() != Length())
+            return false;
+
+        for (SizeType index = 0; index < rhs.Length(); ++index)
+        {
+            if (rhs.m_Data[index] == m_Data[index])
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StringView::operator!=(const CharType *rhs) const
+    {
+        if (string_length(rhs) != Length())
+            return false;
+
+        for (SizeType index = 0; index < string_length(rhs); ++index)
+        {
+            if (rhs[index] == m_Data[index])
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    StringView StringBuilder::Construct(const CharType *data)
+    {
+        if (!data ||
+            *data == 0)
+            return StringView(0);
+
+        StringView view(strlen(data));
+        view += data;
+
+		return view;
+    }
+
+    const char* StringBuilder::FromInt(const char *fmt, int i)
+    {
+        if (!fmt)
+            return ("-1");
+
+        char *ret = new char[8 + string_length(fmt)];
+
+        if (!ret)
+            return ("-1");
+
+        CharType result[8];
+        if (!to_str(result, sizeof(int), i))
+        {
+            delete[] ret;
+            return ("-1");
+        }
+
+        const auto fmt_len = string_length(fmt);
+        const auto res_len = string_length(result);
+
+        for (SizeType idx = 0; idx < fmt_len; ++idx)
+        {
+            if (fmt[idx] == '%') {
+                SizeType result_cnt = idx;
+
+                for (auto y_idx = idx; y_idx < res_len; ++y_idx) {
+                    ret[result_cnt] = result[y_idx];
+                    ++result_cnt;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ret[idx] = fmt[idx];
+        }
+
+        return ret; /* Copy that ret into a buffer, Alloca allocates to the stack */
+    }
+
+    const char* StringBuilder::FromBool(const char *fmt, bool i)
+    {
+        if (!fmt)
+            return ("?");
+
+        const char *boolean_expr = i ? "true" : "false";
+        char *ret = new char[i ? 4 : 5 + string_length(fmt)];
+
+        if (!ret)
+            return ("?");
+
+        const auto fmt_len = string_length(fmt);
+        const auto res_len = string_length(boolean_expr);
+
+        for (SizeType idx = 0; idx < fmt_len; ++idx)
+        {
+            if (fmt[idx] == '%') {
+                SizeType result_cnt = idx;
+
+                for (auto y_idx = idx; y_idx < res_len; ++y_idx)
+                {
+                    ret[result_cnt] = boolean_expr[y_idx];
+                    ++result_cnt;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ret[idx] = fmt[idx];
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    bool StringBuilder::Equals(const char *lhs, const char *rhs)
+    {
+        if (string_length(rhs) != string_length(lhs))
+            return false;
+
+        for (SizeType index = 0; index < string_length(rhs); ++index)
+        {
+            if (rhs[index] != lhs[index])
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const char *StringBuilder::Format(const char *fmt, const char *fmt2)
+    {
+        if (!fmt || !fmt2)
+            return ("?");
+
+        char *ret = new char[string_length(fmt2) + string_length(fmt2)];
+        if (!ret)
+            return ("?");
+
+        for (SizeType idx = 0; idx < string_length(fmt); ++idx)
+        {
+            if (fmt[idx] == '%') {
+                SizeType result_cnt = idx;
+                for (SizeType y_idx = 0; y_idx < string_length(fmt2); ++y_idx)
+                {
+                    ret[result_cnt] = fmt2[y_idx];
+                    ++result_cnt;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ret[idx] = fmt[idx];
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    StringView &StringView::operator+=(const CharType *rhs)
+    {
+        this->m_Data += rhs;
+        this->m_Cur = this->m_Data.size();
+        this->m_Sz = this->m_Data.size();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    StringView &StringView::operator+=(const StringView &rhs)
+    {
+        this->m_Data += rhs.CData();
+        this->m_Cur = this->m_Data.size();
+        this->m_Sz = this->m_Data.size();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+} // namespace CompilerKit
diff --git a/CompilerKit/StdKit/String.hpp b/CompilerKit/StdKit/String.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..592c244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CompilerKit/StdKit/String.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ *	========================================================
+ *
+ *	CompilerKit
+ * 	Copyright Western Company, all rights reserved.
+ *
+ * 	========================================================
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CompilerKit/Defines.hpp>
+#include <CompilerKit/StdKit/ErrorOr.hpp>
+
+namespace CompilerKit
+{
+    class StringView final
+    {
+      public:
+        StringView() = delete;
+
+        explicit StringView(SizeType Sz) : m_Sz(Sz)
+        {
+            
+        }
+
+        ~StringView() = default;
+
+        CXXKIT_COPY_DEFAULT(StringView);
+
+        CharType *Data();
+        const CharType *CData() const;
+        SizeType Length() const;
+
+        bool operator==(const CharType *rhs) const;
+        bool operator!=(const CharType *rhs) const;
+
+        bool operator==(const StringView &rhs) const;
+        bool operator!=(const StringView &rhs) const;
+
+        StringView &operator+=(const CharType *rhs);
+        StringView &operator+=(const StringView &rhs);
+
+        operator bool()
+        {
+            return m_Data.empty() == false;
+        }
+
+        bool operator!()
+        {
+            return m_Data.empty() == true;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        std::basic_string<char> m_Data{""};
+        SizeType m_Sz{0};
+        SizeType m_Cur{0};
+
+        friend class StringBuilder;
+
+    };
+
+    struct StringBuilder final
+    {
+        static StringView Construct(const CharType *data);
+        static const char* FromInt(const char *fmt, int n);
+        static const char* FromBool(const char *fmt, bool n);
+        static const char* Format(const char *fmt, const char* from);
+        static bool Equals(const char *lhs, const char *rhs);
+
+    };
+} // namespace CompilerKit