feat: generic: new `except` module, network model for FIX, and tracked_ptr improvements.

feat: introduce the `must_pass` concept to validate a container.

Signed-off-by: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>

10 files changed, 109 insertions, 26 deletions

diff --git a/dev/examples/fix/fix.cc b/dev/examples/fix/fix.cc
index f67d8a0..620d7d6 100644
--- a/dev/examples/fix/fix.cc
+++ b/dev/examples/fix/fix.cc
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 	snu::fix::visitor<char>	 visitor;
 	snu::fix::range_data<char> fix = visitor.visit("8=FIX.4.2|9=65|35=A|49=SERVER|56=CLIENT|34=177|52=20090107-18:15:16|98=0|108=30|10=062|");
 
-	std::cout << "magic: " << fix.msg_magic_ << std::endl;
+	std::cout << "magic: " << fix.magic_ << std::endl;
 	std::cout << "is_valid: " << std::boolalpha << fix.is_valid() << std::endl;
 
-	for (auto fields : fix.msg_body_)
+	for (auto fields : fix.body_)
 	{
 		std::cout << "key: " << fields.first;
 		std::cout << ", value: " << fields.second << std::endl;
diff --git a/dev/examples/opt/opt.cc b/dev/examples/opt/opt.cc
index a914d8d..d1324e7 100644
--- a/dev/examples/opt/opt.cc
+++ b/dev/examples/opt/opt.cc
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ static auto do_some(const std::string recv_data, const std::string check_data)
 	const int hash_to_check = do_hash(check_data); /* here we assume this should match opt_hash */
 	const int opt_hash		= do_hash(recv_data);  /* we assume that the hash is correct */
 
-	auto opt = snu::opt::opt(snu::opt::eval_eq(hash_to_check, opt_hash)); /* do the compute */
+	auto opt = snu::opt(snu::eval_eq(hash_to_check, opt_hash)); /* do the compute */
 	return opt;
 }
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
 	// ... let's assume we fetch data from network...
 
-	snu::println("Testing data...");
+	snu::io::println("Testing data...");
 
 	auto opt = do_some("Ohio", "Ohio");
 	opt.expect("Checksum failed, Ohio isn't Ohio!");
diff --git a/dev/examples/tracked_ptr/tracked_ptr.cc b/dev/examples/tracked_ptr/tracked_ptr.cc
index c182494..5ce6f61 100644
--- a/dev/examples/tracked_ptr/tracked_ptr.cc
+++ b/dev/examples/tracked_ptr/tracked_ptr.cc
@@ -48,5 +48,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 
 	std::cout << "leak-detected=" << std::boolalpha << (ptr.manager().allocator().allocated_count_ > ptr.manager().allocator().deallocated_count_) << std::endl;
 
-	return 0;
+	snu::memory::must_pass(ptr);
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/dev/lib/detail/error.hpp b/dev/lib/except/error.hpp
index 85a5e25..1a07ef0 100644
--- a/dev/lib/detail/error.hpp
+++ b/dev/lib/except/error.hpp
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@
 
 #include <stdexcept>
 
-namespace snu
+namespace snu::except
 {
 	using runtime_error = std::runtime_error;
-}
+	using fix_error		= runtime_error;
+	using math_error	= runtime_error;
+} // namespace snu::except
 
 #endif // _SNU_ERR_HPP
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/lib/fix/network.hpp b/dev/lib/fix/network.hpp
index 0ca0920..637559c 100644
--- a/dev/lib/fix/network.hpp
+++ b/dev/lib/fix/network.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-* File: fix/netowrk.hpp
+ * File: fix/netowrk.hpp
  * Purpose: Financial Information Exchange in C++
  * Author: Amlal El Mahrouss (founder@snu.systems)
  * Copyright 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss and SNU Systems Corp all rights reserved.
@@ -11,10 +11,67 @@
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 
+#include <cstddef>
+
 namespace snu::fix
 {
-	class network_rx;
-	class network_tx;	
+	class delivery_modem;
+
+	typedef int delivery_type;
+
+	/// @brief a delivery modem is a container which establishes a comm. channel between the FIX session and application.
+	class delivery_modem final
+	{
+	public:
+		explicit delivery_modem() = default;
+		~delivery_modem()		  = default;
+
+		delivery_modem& operator=(const delivery_modem&) = default;
+		delivery_modem(const delivery_modem&)			 = default;
+
+	public:
+		delivery_type fd_{};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool receive(T& out, std::size_t len) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!len)
+				return false;
+
+			auto ret = ::recv(fd_, &out, len, 0);
+			return ret > 0;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool transmit(T& out, std::size_t len) noexcept
+		{
+			if (!out)
+				return false;
+			if (!len)
+				return false;
+
+			auto ret = ::send(fd_, out, len, 0);
+			return ret > 0;
+		}
+
+		bool construct() noexcept
+		{
+			fd_ = ::socket(SOCK_STREAM, AF_INET, 0);
+			return fd_ > 0;
+		}
+
+		bool destroy() noexcept
+		{
+			if (!fd_)
+				return false;
+
+			::shutdown(fd_, SHUT_RDWR);
+
+			fd_ = 0U;
+
+			return true;
+		}
+	};
 } // namespace snu::fix
 
 #endif // ifndef _SNU_FIX_NETWORK_HPP
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/lib/fix/parser.hpp b/dev/lib/fix/parser.hpp
index e432b6c..e007906 100644
--- a/dev/lib/fix/parser.hpp
+++ b/dev/lib/fix/parser.hpp
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ namespace snu::fix
 	class range_data final
 	{
 	public:
-		std::basic_string<char_type>													   msg_magic_;
-		std::size_t																		   msg_body_len_;
-		std::vector<std::pair<std::basic_string<char_type>, std::basic_string<char_type>>> msg_body_;
+		std::basic_string<char_type>													   magic_;
+		std::size_t																		   body_len_;
+		std::vector<std::pair<std::basic_string<char_type>, std::basic_string<char_type>>> body_;
 
 		static inline const char_type* begin = detail::begin_fix<char_type>();
 
@@ -105,19 +105,20 @@ namespace snu::fix
 				return std::basic_string<char_type>{};
 			}
 
-			for (const auto& pair : msg_body_)
+			for (const auto& pair : this->body_)
 			{
 				if (pair.first == key)
 				{
 					return pair.second;
 				}
 			}
+
 			return std::basic_string<char_type>{};
 		}
 
 		bool is_valid()
 		{
-			return msg_magic_.starts_with(range_data<char_type>::begin);
+			return magic_.starts_with(range_data<char_type>::begin);
 		}
 
 		operator bool()
@@ -170,14 +171,14 @@ namespace snu::fix
 					std::basic_string<char_type> key = in_tmp.substr(0, in_tmp.find(visitor::eq));
 					std::basic_string<char_type> val = in_tmp.substr(in_tmp.find(visitor::eq) + 1);
 
-					if (ret.msg_magic_.empty())
+					if (ret.magic_.empty())
 					{
-						ret.msg_magic_ = val;
+						ret.magic_ = val;
 					}
 					else
 					{
-						ret.msg_body_.emplace_back(std::make_pair(key, val));
-						ret.msg_body_len_ += in_tmp.size();
+						ret.body_.emplace_back(std::make_pair(key, val));
+						ret.body_len_ += in_tmp.size();
 					}
 
 					in_tmp.clear();
diff --git a/dev/lib/io/print.hpp b/dev/lib/io/print.hpp
index 0a5b5e2..8656214 100644
--- a/dev/lib/io/print.hpp
+++ b/dev/lib/io/print.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 #include <iostream>
 
-namespace snu
+namespace snu::io
 {
 	template <typename... T>
 	inline void print(T... fmt)
@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@ namespace snu
 		std::cout << std::move(fmt...);
 		std::cout << std::endl;
 	}
-} // namespace snu
+} // namespace snu::io
 
 #endif // ifndef _SNU_PRINT_HPP
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/lib/logic/opt.hpp b/dev/lib/logic/opt.hpp
index facbf2c..d4bb73c 100644
--- a/dev/lib/logic/opt.hpp
+++ b/dev/lib/logic/opt.hpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 #ifndef _SNU_OPT_HPP
 #define _SNU_OPT_HPP
 
-#include <lib/detail/error.hpp>
+#include <lib/except/error.hpp>
 #include <utility>
 
-namespace snu::opt
+namespace snu
 {
 	enum class return_type
 	{
@@ -116,6 +116,6 @@ namespace snu::opt
 	{
 		return return_type::err;
 	}
-} // namespace snu::opt
+} // namespace snu
 
 #endif /* ifndef _SNU_OPT_HPP */
diff --git a/dev/lib/memory/tracked_ptr.hpp b/dev/lib/memory/tracked_ptr.hpp
index b7e55f7..1ff4cca 100644
--- a/dev/lib/memory/tracked_ptr.hpp
+++ b/dev/lib/memory/tracked_ptr.hpp
@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@ namespace snu::memory
 		std::atomic<size_t> deallocated_count_ = 0;
 
 	public:
+		explicit tracked_allocator() = default;
+		virtual ~tracked_allocator() = default;
+
+		tracked_allocator& operator=(const tracked_allocator&) = default;
+		tracked_allocator(const tracked_allocator&)			   = default;
+
+	public:
 		template <typename... U>
 		void retain(T*& ptr, U&&... args)
 		{
@@ -68,6 +75,13 @@ namespace snu::memory
 		tracked_allocator<T> allocator_;
 
 	public:
+		explicit tracked_mgr() = default;
+		virtual ~tracked_mgr() = default;
+
+		tracked_mgr& operator=(const tracked_mgr&) = default;
+		tracked_mgr(const tracked_mgr&)			   = default;
+
+	public:
 		const tracked_allocator<T>& allocator() noexcept
 		{
 			return allocator_;
@@ -105,7 +119,7 @@ namespace snu::memory
 			ptr_ = tracked_ptr::manager().retain(std::forward<U>(args)...);
 		}
 
-		~tracked_ptr() noexcept
+		virtual ~tracked_ptr() noexcept
 		{
 			this->reset();
 		}
@@ -192,4 +206,11 @@ namespace snu::memory
 	{
 		a.swap(b);
 	}
+
+	/// @brief a Must Pass function is a standard way to verify a container' validity, inspired from NeKernel/VMKernel.
+	template <typename T>
+	inline void must_pass(tracked_ptr<T>& ptr) noexcept
+	{
+		assert(ptr.manager().allocator().allocated_count_ < ptr.manager().allocator().deallocated_count_);
+	}
 } // namespace snu::memory
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/tests/fix_basic/fix_test.cc b/dev/tests/fix_basic/fix_test.cc
index c9ae0b2..7d6d7bd 100644
--- a/dev/tests/fix_basic/fix_test.cc
+++ b/dev/tests/fix_basic/fix_test.cc
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ TEST(FIXTest, BasicFIXUsage)
 	snu::fix::visitor<char>	 visitor;
 	snu::fix::range_data<char> fix = visitor.visit("8=FIX.4.2|9=65|35=A|49=SERVER|56=CLIENT|34=177|52=20090107-18:15:16|98=0|108=30|10=062|");
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(fix.msg_magic_, "FIX.4.2");
+	EXPECT_EQ(fix.magic_, "FIX.4.2");
 	EXPECT_TRUE(fix.is_valid());
 }
\ No newline at end of file