Merge pull request #55 from nekernel-org/dev

v0.0.4
author: Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org> 2025-08-16 19:56:21 +0200
committer: GitHub <noreply@github.com> 2025-08-16 19:56:21 +0200
commit: 1a32b9307357ac0fc9095e853b2b6d94f9fe62bb (patch)
tree: f41f723659c8926e38182fbe062746d821ab487e /dev
parent: eb9df5eea339812513c25a8d3b2eeb03c633e7ac (diff)
parent: b301047903b79560dce69085fc271a653a1eb4b6 (diff)
126 files changed, 1241 insertions, 640 deletions
diff --git a/dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h b/dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
index 68e4b484..12a5861f 100644
--- a/dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
+++ b/dev/boot/BootKit/BootKit.h
@@ -293,16 +293,16 @@ inline Boolean BDiskFormatFactory<BootDev>::Format(const Char* part_name) {
   CopyMem(gpt_part->Signature, reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(kMagicGPT)),
           StrLen(kMagicGPT));
 
-  gpt_part->Revision = 0x00010000;
+  gpt_part->Revision   = 0x00010000;
   gpt_part->HeaderSize = sizeof(GPT_PARTITION_TABLE);
 
   gpt_part->CRC32 = 0x00000000;
 
-  gpt_part->Reserved1 = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LBAHeader = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LBAAltHeader = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->Reserved1     = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LBAHeader     = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LBAAltHeader  = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->FirstGPTEntry = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->LastGPTEntry = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->LastGPTEntry  = 0x00000000;
 
   gpt_part->Guid.Data1 = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->Guid.Data2 = 0x0000;
@@ -312,10 +312,10 @@ inline Boolean BDiskFormatFactory<BootDev>::Format(const Char* part_name) {
 
   gpt_part->Revision = 0x00010000;
 
-  gpt_part->StartingLBA = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->StartingLBA         = 0x00000000;
   gpt_part->NumPartitionEntries = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->SizeOfEntries = 0x00000000;
-  gpt_part->CRC32PartEntry = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->SizeOfEntries       = 0x00000000;
+  gpt_part->CRC32PartEntry      = 0x00000000;
 
   SetMem(gpt_part->Reserved2, 0, kSectorAlignGPT_PartTbl);
 
diff --git a/dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h b/dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h
index 6ae8cd6b..9a80e3c9 100644
--- a/dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h
+++ b/dev/boot/BootKit/Device.h
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
 #include <modules/AHCI/AHCI.h>
 #include <modules/ATA/ATA.h>
 
-using namespace Kernel;
-
+namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief Device type.
 class Device {
  public:
@@ -33,3 +32,4 @@ class Device {
 typedef Device BootDevice;
 typedef Device NetworkDevice;
 typedef Device DiskDevice;
+}  // namespace Kernel
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc b/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
index 8236dd0d..d8ea5799 100644
--- a/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.cc
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 #include <FirmwareKit/EFI/API.h>
 #include <modules/BootNet/BootNet.h>
 
-STATIC EFI_GUID kEfiSimpleProtoGUID              = EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID;
-STATIC EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* kEfiProtocol = nullptr;
+STATIC EFI_GUID                     kEfiSimpleProtoGUID = EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID;
+STATIC EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* kEfiProtocol        = nullptr;
 
 STATIC Void bootnet_read_ip_packet(BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER   inet,
                                    BOOTNET_INTERNET_HEADER** inet_out);
diff --git a/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h b/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h
index 0b319387..3e876d09 100644
--- a/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h
+++ b/dev/boot/modules/BootNet/BootNet.h
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h>
+#include <FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h>
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc b/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
index ce824e0f..4bf3e68a 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/BootSupport.cc
@@ -18,6 +18,69 @@
 /// @param dst destination pointer.
 /// @param byte value to fill in.
 /// @param len length of of src.
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memnset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len,
+                         long long unsigned int dst_size) {
+  if (!dst || len > dst_size) {
+    // For now, we return nullptr or an error status.
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  unsigned char* p   = (unsigned char*) dst;
+  unsigned char  val = (unsigned char) byte;
+  for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
+    p[i] = val;
+  }
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/// @brief memcpy definition in C++.
+/// @param dst destination pointer.
+/// @param  src source pointer.
+/// @param len length of of src.
+EXTERN_C VoidPtr memncpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len,
+                         long long unsigned int dst_size) {
+  if (!dst || !src || len > dst_size) {
+    // Similar to memset, this is a critical failure.
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  unsigned char*       d = (unsigned char*) dst;
+  const unsigned char* s = (const unsigned char*) src;
+  for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
+    d[i] = s[i];
+  }
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/// @brief strlen definition in C++.
+EXTERN_C size_t strnlen(const char* whatToCheck, size_t max_len) {
+  size_t len = 0;
+  while (len < max_len && whatToCheck[len] != '\0') {
+    ++len;
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
+/// @brief strcmp definition in C++.
+EXTERN_C int strncmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight, size_t max_len) {
+  size_t i = 0;
+  while (i < max_len && whatToCheck[i] == whatToCheckRight[i]) {
+    if (whatToCheck[i] == '\0') return 0;
+    ++i;
+  }
+  if (i == max_len) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return (unsigned char) whatToCheck[i] - (unsigned char) whatToCheckRight[i];
+}
+
+/// @brief something specific to the Microsoft's ABI, When the stack grows too big.
+EXTERN_C void ___chkstk_ms(void) {}
+
+/// @note GCC expects them to be here.
+
+/// @brief memset definition in C++.
+/// @param dst destination pointer.
+/// @param byte value to fill in.
+/// @param len length of of src.
 EXTERN_C VoidPtr memset(void* dst, int byte, long long unsigned int len) {
   for (size_t i = 0UL; i < len; ++i) {
     ((int*) dst)[i] = byte;
@@ -62,7 +125,4 @@ EXTERN_C int strcmp(const char* whatToCheck, const char* whatToCheckRight) {
   return len;
 }
 
-/// @brief something specific to the Microsoft's ABI, When the stack grows too big.
-EXTERN_C void ___chkstk_ms(void) {}
-
 #endif
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc b/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
index c477d659..377e6e3a 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/BootThread.cc
@@ -105,6 +105,12 @@ BootThread::BootThread(VoidPtr blob) : fStartAddress(nullptr), fBlob(blob) {
         writer.Write("BootZ: Executable entry address: ")
             .Write((UIntPtr) fStartAddress)
             .Write("\r");
+
+        /// @note .text region shall be marked as executable on ARM.
+
+#ifdef __NE_ARM64__
+
+#endif
       } else if (StrCmp(sectionForBootZ, sect->Name) == 0) {
         struct HANDOVER_INFORMATION_STUB {
           UInt64 HandoverMagic;
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc b/dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
index 25810222..e5e0d8c2 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/HEL/AMD64/BootATA.cc
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ ATAInit_Retry:
   /// fetch serial info
   /// model, speed, number of sectors...
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT indexData = 0ul; indexData < kATADataLen; ++indexData) {
     kATAData[indexData] = rt_in16(IO + ATA_REG_DATA);
@@ -115,15 +114,14 @@ Void boot_ata_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, CharacterTypeASCII* Buf,
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_READ_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     boot_ata_wait_io(IO);
@@ -149,15 +147,14 @@ Void boot_ata_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, CharacterTypeASCII* Buf
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + (SectorSz)) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     boot_ata_wait_io(IO);
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S b/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S
index 3b0e1737..d52c1dcf 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S
+++ b/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootCB.S
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#ifdef __NE_COREBOOT__
+#ifdef __NE_NEBOOT__
 
 .section .boot_hdr
 .align 4
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ bootloader_start:
     bl      bootloader_main             
     ret                                 
 
-#endif // __NE_COREBOOT__
-\ No newline at end of file
+#endif // __NE_NEBOOT__
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc b/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
index 9dd03afe..683245fb 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/HEL/ARM64/BootPlatform.cc
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
 using namespace Boot;
 
 EXTERN_C void rt_halt() {
-  while (Yes)
-    ;
+  while (Yes);
 }
 
 EXTERN_C void rt_cli() {}
diff --git a/dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc b/dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
index d4d5dfed..f7ad2898 100644
--- a/dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
+++ b/dev/boot/src/New+Delete.cc
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 void* operator new(size_t sz) {
   void* buf = nullptr;
 
-  while (BS->AllocatePool(EfiMemoryType::EfiLoaderData, sz, &buf) != kEfiOk)
-    ;
+  while (BS->AllocatePool(EfiMemoryType::EfiLoaderData, sz, &buf) != kEfiOk);
 
   return buf;
 }
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/ddk.h
index 888219c6..254137f9 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/ddk.h
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/ddk.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <DDKKit/macros.h>
+#include <DriverKit/macros.h>
 
 struct DDK_STATUS_STRUCT;
 struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST;
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ struct DDK_STATUS_STRUCT DDK_FINAL {
 /// @param dat data argument pointer.
 /// @param sz sz of whole data argument pointer.
 /// @return result of call
-DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* dat, size_t sz);
+DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* dat, size_t sz);
 
 /// @brief add a system call.
 /// @param slot system call slot id.
 /// @param slotFn, syscall slot.
-DDK_EXTERN void ke_add_syscall(const int32_t slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0));
+DDK_EXTERN void ke_set_syscall(const int32_t slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0));
 
 /// @brief Allocates an heap ptr.
 /// @param sz size of the allocated struct/type.
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* na
 DDK_EXTERN void* ke_set_obj(const int32_t slot, const struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ddk_pr);
 
 /// @brief The highest API version of the DDK.
-DDK_EXTERN int32_t kApiVersionHighest;
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersionHighest;
 
 /// @brief The lowest API version of the DDK.
-DDK_EXTERN int32_t kApiVersionLowest;
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersionLowest;
 
 /// @brief API version in BCD.
-DDK_EXTERN int32_t kApiVersion;
+DDK_EXTERN uint32_t kApiVersion;
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/dev.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/dev.h
index 59fb48b5..adb1c1d0 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/dev.h
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/dev.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 
 struct _DDK_DEVICE;
 
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/io.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/io.h
index 28396608..805696e6 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/io.h
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/io.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <DDKKit/str.h>
+#include <DriverKit/str.h>
 
 /// @brief print character into UART.
 DDK_EXTERN void kputc(const char ch);
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/macros.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/macros.h
index 9b7b3d50..9b7b3d50 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/macros.h
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/macros.h
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/net.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/net.h
index ea85dee7..63f89367 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/net.h
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/net.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <DDKKit/macros.h>
+#include <DriverKit/macros.h>
 
 struct DDK_NET_MANIFEST;
 
diff --git a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/str.h b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/str.h
index fbf6506d..b2c0ce72 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/DDKKit/str.h
+++ b/dev/ddk/DriverKit/str.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 
 /// @brief DDK equivalent of POSIX's string.h
 /// @file str.h
diff --git a/dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md b/dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md
index 57710d1f..d7d333d3 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md
+++ b/dev/ddk/docs/SPECIFICATION_DDK.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ===================================
 
 - Programming Language: C/C++
-- Build System: Make/BTB
+- Build System: Make/NeBuild
 - Purpose: Driver Tool Kit, which you link against ddk.sys
 
 ===================================
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_rt_cxx.cc b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_abi_cxx.cc
index 3d57e2b9..fc590c0e 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_rt_cxx.cc
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_abi_cxx.cc
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
+  DDK
   Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
 
-  Purpose: DDK C++ runtime.
+  Author: Amlal El Mahrouss
+  Purpose: DDK C++ ABI.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 
 void* operator new(size_t sz) {
   return ::kalloc(sz);
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c
index 0b428b15..08527f4d 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_alloc.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 
 /**
   \brief Allocates a new heap on the Kernel's side.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 DDK_EXTERN void* kalloc(size_t sz) {
   if (!sz) ++sz;
 
-  void* ptr = ke_call("mm_alloc_ptr", 1, &sz, sizeof(size_t));
+  void* ptr = ke_call_dispatch("mm_alloc_ptr", 1, &sz, sizeof(size_t));
 
   return ptr;
 }
@@ -28,5 +28,5 @@ DDK_EXTERN void* kalloc(size_t sz) {
 DDK_EXTERN void kfree(void* ptr) {
   if (!ptr) return;
 
-  ke_call("mm_free_ptr", 1, ptr, 0);
+  ke_call_dispatch("mm_free_ptr", 1, ptr, 0);
 }
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c
index 4cd7dcdd..32ec2442 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_dev.c
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/dev.h>
-#include <DDKKit/str.h>
+#include <DriverKit/dev.h>
+#include <DriverKit/str.h>
 
 /// @brief Open a new binary device from path.
 DDK_EXTERN DDK_DEVICE_PTR open(const char* devicePath) {
   if (!devicePath) return nil;
 
-  return ke_call("dk_open_dev", 1, (void*) devicePath, kstrlen(devicePath));
+  return ke_call_dispatch("dk_open_dev", 1, (void*) devicePath, kstrlen(devicePath));
 }
 
 /// @brief Close any device.
@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ DDK_EXTERN DDK_DEVICE_PTR open(const char* devicePath) {
 DDK_EXTERN BOOL close(DDK_DEVICE_PTR device) {
   if (!device) return NO;
 
-  ke_call("dk_close_dev", 1, device, sizeof(DDK_DEVICE));
+  ke_call_dispatch("dk_close_dev", 1, device, sizeof(DDK_DEVICE));
   return YES;
 }
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c
index ba6d4e55..c6cdd457 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_io.c
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/io.h>
+#include <DriverKit/io.h>
 
 DDK_EXTERN void kputc(const char ch) {
   char assembled[2] = {0};
   assembled[0]      = ch;
   assembled[1]      = 0;
 
-  ke_call("ke_put_string", 1, assembled, 1);
+  ke_call_dispatch("ke_put_string", 1, assembled, 1);
 }
 
 /// @brief print string to UART.
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
index b5c494f7..1ac0a0aa 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call.c
@@ -1,36 +1,56 @@
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
+  DDK
   Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
 
-  Purpose: DDK Kernel call.
+  Author: Amlal El Mahrouss
+  Purpose: DDK kernel dispatch system.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
 /// @brief this is an internal call, do not use it.
-DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data,
-                                                   size_t sz);
+DDK_EXTERN ATTRIBUTE(naked) void* __ke_call_dispatch(const int32_t name, int32_t cnt, void* data,
+                                                     size_t sz);
+/// @brief This function hashes the path into a FNV symbol.
+/// @param path the path to hash.
+/// @retval 0 symbol wasn't hashed.
+/// @retval > 0 hashed symbol.
+static uint64_t ddk_fnv_64(const char* path) {
+  if (path == nil || *path == 0) return 0;
 
-/// @brief Interupt Kernel and call it's RPC.
-/// @param KernelRpcName RPC name
+  const uint64_t kFnvOffsetBase = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
+  const uint64_t kFnvPrime64    = 0x100000001b3ULL;
+
+  uint64_t hash = kFnvOffsetBase;
+
+  while (*path) {
+    hash ^= (char) (*path++);
+    hash *= kFnvPrime64;
+  }
+
+  return hash;
+}
+
+/// @brief Interrupt Kernel and call it's RPC.
+/// @param name RPC name
 /// @param cnt number of elements in **data** pointer.
 /// @param data data pointer.
 /// @param sz The size of the whole data pointer.
 /// @retval void* Kernel call was successful.
 /// @retval nil Kernel call failed, call KernelLastError(void)
-DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz) {
-  if (!name || *name == 0 || cnt == 0) return nil;
-
-  return ke_call_dispatch(name, cnt, data, sz);
+DDK_EXTERN void* ke_call_dispatch(const char* name, int32_t cnt, void* data, size_t sz) {
+  if (name == nil || *name == 0 || data == nil || cnt == 0) return nil;
+  return __ke_call_dispatch(ddk_fnv_64(name), cnt, data, sz);
 }
 
 /// @brief Add system call.
 /// @param slot system call slot
 /// @param slotFn, syscall slot.
-DDK_EXTERN void ke_add_syscall(const int slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0)) {
-  ke_call("ke_add_syscall", slot, slotFn, 1);
+DDK_EXTERN void ke_set_syscall(const int slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0)) {
+  ke_call_dispatch("ke_set_syscall", slot, slotFn, 1);
 }
 
 /// @brief Get a Kernel object.
@@ -39,7 +59,7 @@ DDK_EXTERN void ke_add_syscall(const int slot, void (*slotFn)(void* a0)) {
 /// @return Object manifest.
 DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* name) {
   struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* manifest =
-      (struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST*) ke_call("cf_get_kobj", slot, (void*) name, 1);
+      (struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST*) ke_call_dispatch("cfkit_get_kobj", slot, (void*) name, 1);
 
   if (!manifest) return nil;
 
@@ -52,5 +72,5 @@ DDK_EXTERN struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ke_get_obj(const int slot, const char* na
 /// @param ddk_pr pointer to a object's DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST.
 /// @return property's object.
 DDK_EXTERN void* ke_set_obj(const int slot, const struct DDK_OBJECT_MANIFEST* ddk_pr) {
-  return ke_call("cf_set_kobj", slot, (void*) ddk_pr, 1);
+  return ke_call_dispatch("cfkit_set_kobj", slot, (void*) ddk_pr, 1);
 }
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
index 9b32d0c2..c66d9d49 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_kernel_call_dispatch.S
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  compiler: gnu
  */
 
-.globl ke_call_dispatch
+.globl __ke_call_dispatch
 
 .text
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #if defined(__DDK_AMD64__)
 
 /* args rcx, rdx, r8, r9 */
-ke_call_dispatch:
+__ke_call_dispatch:
     int $0x33
     ret
 
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c
index d50a5d03..514cddc7 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_str.c
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
   Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
 
-  Purpose: DDK Strings.
+  Purpose: DDK String API.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/str.h>
+#include <DriverKit/str.h>
 
 DDK_EXTERN size_t kstrlen(const char* in) {
   if (in == nil) return 0;
diff --git a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
index b2370b23..9be3134e 100644
--- a/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
+++ b/dev/ddk/src/ddk_ver.c
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
   Copyright Amlal El Mahrouss.
 
-  Purpose: DDK version symbols.
+  Purpose: DDK version system.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#include <DDKKit/ddk.h>
+#include <DriverKit/ddk.h>
 
 #ifndef kDDKVersionHighest
 #define kDDKVersionHighest 1
@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@
 #define kDDKVersion 1
 #endif  // !kDDKVersion
 
-int32_t kApiVersionHighest = kDDKVersionHighest;
-int32_t kApiVersionLowest  = kDDKVersionLowest;
-int32_t kApiVersion        = kDDKVersion;
+uint32_t kApiVersionHighest = kDDKVersionHighest;
+uint32_t kApiVersionLowest  = kDDKVersionLowest;
+uint32_t kApiVersion        = kDDKVersion;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h b/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
index a9dca240..37793370 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/ArchKit/ArchKit.h
@@ -77,9 +77,19 @@ struct HAL_DISPATCH_ENTRY final {
   operator bool() { return fHooked; }
 };
 
+typedef Kernel::Void (*rt_kerncall_proc)(Kernel::SizeT, Kernel::VoidPtr, Kernel::SizeT);
+
+struct HAL_KERNEL_DISPATCH_ENTRY final {
+  Kernel::UInt64   fHash;
+  Kernel::Bool     fHooked;
+  rt_kerncall_proc fProc;
+
+  operator bool() { return fHooked; }
+};
+
 inline Kernel::Array<HAL_DISPATCH_ENTRY, kMaxDispatchCallCount> kSysCalls;
 
-inline Kernel::Array<HAL_DISPATCH_ENTRY, kMaxDispatchCallCount> kKernCalls;
+inline Kernel::Array<HAL_KERNEL_DISPATCH_ENTRY, kMaxDispatchCallCount> kKernCalls;
 
 #ifdef __NE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_SUPPORT__
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h b/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
index ada8299e..99f43725 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/DmaKit/DmaPool.h
@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@
 #define kNeDMAPoolSize (0x1000000)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __GNUC__
 #define kNeDMABestAlign __BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT__
+#else
+#define kNeDMABestAlign (8)
+#endif
 
 namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief DMA pool base pointer, here we're sure that AHCI or whatever tricky standard sees it.
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ inline const UInt8* kDmaPoolEnd = (UInt8*) (kNeDMAPoolStart + kNeDMAPoolSize);
 /***********************************************************************************/
 inline VoidPtr rtl_dma_alloc(SizeT size, SizeT align) {
   if (!size) {
-    return nullptr;
+    ++size;
   }
 
   /// Check alignement according to architecture.
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ inline VoidPtr rtl_dma_alloc(SizeT size, SizeT align) {
 inline Void rtl_dma_free(SizeT size) {
   if (!size) return;
 
-  auto ptr = (UInt8*) (kDmaPoolPtr - size);
+  auto ptr = (kDmaPoolPtr - size);
 
   if (!ptr || ptr < (UInt8*) kNeDMAPoolStart) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorDmaExhausted;
@@ -98,4 +102,4 @@ inline Void rtl_dma_flush(VoidPtr ptr, SizeT size_buffer) {
     HAL::mm_memory_fence((VoidPtr) ((UInt8*) ptr + buf_idx));
   }
 }
-}  // namespace Kernel
-\ No newline at end of file
+}  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h b/dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h
index 845ef467..bb4e3dc0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FSKit/HeFS.h
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ inline UInt32 hefs_hour_get(ATime raw_atime) noexcept {
 /// @return the minute value.
 /// @note The minute is stored in the lower 8 bits of the ATime value.
 inline UInt32 hefs_minute_get(ATime raw_atime) noexcept {
-  return (raw_atime) &0xFF;
+  return (raw_atime) & 0xFF;
 }
 
 inline constexpr UInt32 kHeFSBaseYear   = 1970;
@@ -379,10 +379,10 @@ class HeFileSystemParser final {
   ~HeFileSystemParser() = default;
 
  public:
-  HeFileSystemParser(const HeFileSystemParser&) = delete;
+  HeFileSystemParser(const HeFileSystemParser&)            = delete;
   HeFileSystemParser& operator=(const HeFileSystemParser&) = delete;
 
-  HeFileSystemParser(HeFileSystemParser&&) = delete;
+  HeFileSystemParser(HeFileSystemParser&&)            = delete;
   HeFileSystemParser& operator=(HeFileSystemParser&&) = delete;
 
  public:
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
index 97e3ad01..9b22f5b6 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EFI/EFI.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ typedef Char16 EfiChar16Type;
 /// @brief Core Handle Kind
 /// Self is like NT's Win32 HANDLE type.
 typedef struct EfiHandle {
-} * EfiHandlePtr;
+}* EfiHandlePtr;
 
 /* UEFI uses wide characters by default. */
 typedef WideChar EfiCharType;
@@ -239,63 +239,85 @@ typedef struct EfiTableHeader {
   UInt32 Reserved;
 } EfiTableHeader;
 
-#define EFI_ACPI_TABLE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                               \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0xffe06bdd, 0x6107, 0x46a6, { 0x7b, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x7e, 0xc5, 0x27, 0x5c } \
+#define EFI_ACPI_TABLE_PROTOCOL_GUID                 \
+  {                                                  \
+    0xffe06bdd, 0x6107, 0x46a6, {                    \
+      0x7b, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x7e, 0xc5, 0x27, 0x5c \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_LOAD_FILE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                                \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x56EC3091, 0x954C, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_LOAD_FILE_PROTOCOL_GUID                  \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x56EC3091, 0x954C, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8e, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_LOAD_FILE2_PROTOCOL_GUID                                               \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x4006c0c1, 0xfcb3, 0x403e, { 0x99, 0x6d, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x87, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x6d } \
+#define EFI_LOAD_FILE2_PROTOCOL_GUID                 \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x4006c0c1, 0xfcb3, 0x403e, {                    \
+      0x99, 0x6d, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x87, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x6d \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_GUID                                             \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x5B1B31A1, 0x9562, 0x11d2, { 0x8E, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3B } \
+#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_GUID               \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x5B1B31A1, 0x9562, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8E, 0x3F, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xC9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3B \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID                                          \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x9042a9de, 0x23dc, 0x4a38, { 0x96, 0xfb, 0x7a, 0xde, 0xd0, 0x80, 0x51, 0x6a } \
+#define EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID            \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x9042a9de, 0x23dc, 0x4a38, {                    \
+      0x96, 0xfb, 0x7a, 0xde, 0xd0, 0x80, 0x51, 0x6a \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID                                           \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0xA19832B9, 0xAC25, 0x11D3, { 0x9A, 0x2D, 0x00, 0x90, 0x27, 0x3f, 0xc1, 0x4d } \
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_GUID             \
+  {                                                  \
+    0xA19832B9, 0xAC25, 0x11D3, {                    \
+      0x9A, 0x2D, 0x00, 0x90, 0x27, 0x3f, 0xc1, 0x4d \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 #define EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_REVISION 0x00010000
 
-#define EFI_IP4_PROTOCOL_GUID                                                      \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x41d94cd2, 0x35b6, 0x455a, { 0x82, 0x58, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0x13, 0x34, 0xaa, 0xdd } \
+#define EFI_IP4_PROTOCOL_GUID                        \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x41d94cd2, 0x35b6, 0x455a, {                    \
+      0x82, 0x58, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0x13, 0x34, 0xaa, 0xdd \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 #define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL_REVISION 0x1000
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
-  {                                                                                 \
-    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID         \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, {                   \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID                                 \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0xbc62157e, 0x3e33, 0x4fec, { 0x99, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x3b, 0x36, 0xd7, 0x50, 0xdf } \
+#define EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID   \
+  {                                                  \
+    0xbc62157e, 0x3e33, 0x4fec, {                    \
+      0x99, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x3b, 0x36, 0xd7, 0x50, 0xdf \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
-#define EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID                                            \
-  {                                                                              \
-    0x9576e91, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x0, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL_GUID               \
+  {                                                 \
+    0x9576e91, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x0, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                               \
   }
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
-  {                                                                                 \
-    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL_GUID         \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x0964e5b22, 0x6459, 0x11d2, {                   \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 typedef UInt64(EfiImageUnload)(EfiHandlePtr ImageHandle);
@@ -351,17 +373,17 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef EFI_STATUS(EFIAPI* EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_TRANSMIT)(IN EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* This,
                                                         IN UInt32 HeaderSize, IN UInt32 BufferSize,
-                                                        IN Void* Buffer,
-                                                        IN EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr OPTIONAL,
+                                                        IN Void*                   Buffer,
+                                                        IN EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr  OPTIONAL,
                                                         IN EfiMacAddress* DestAddr OPTIONAL,
-                                                        IN UInt16* Protocol OPTIONAL);
+                                                        IN UInt16* Protocol        OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EFI_STATUS(EFIAPI* EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_RECEIVE)(IN EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL* This,
-                                                       OUT UInt32* HeaderSize OPTIONAL,
+                                                       OUT UInt32* HeaderSize          OPTIONAL,
                                                        IN OUT UInt32* BufferSize, OUT Void* Buffer,
-                                                       OUT EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr OPTIONAL,
+                                                       OUT EfiMacAddress* SrcAddr  OPTIONAL,
                                                        OUT EfiMacAddress* DestAddr OPTIONAL,
-                                                       OUT UInt16* Protocol OPTIONAL);
+                                                       OUT UInt16* Protocol        OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef struct EFI_SIMPLE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL {
   UInt64                        Revision;
@@ -506,9 +528,11 @@ typedef struct EFI_GUID EFI_FINAL {
  * Protocol stuff...
  */
 
-#define EFI_SIMPLE_TEXT_INPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID                                        \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x387477c1, 0x69c7, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_SIMPLE_TEXT_INPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID          \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x387477c1, 0x69c7, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 /** some helpers */
@@ -607,7 +631,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } EfiInputKey;
 
 typedef EfiStatusType(EFI_API* EfiInputReadKey)(IN EfiSimpleTextInputProtocol* This,
-                                                OUT EfiInputKey* Key);
+                                                OUT EfiInputKey*               Key);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType(EFI_API* EfiInputReset)(IN EfiSimpleTextInputProtocol* This,
                                               IN Boolean                     ExtendedChk);
@@ -665,7 +689,7 @@ typedef struct EfiSystemTable {
   struct {
     EFI_GUID VendorGUID;
     VoidPtr  VendorTable;
-  } * ConfigurationTable;
+  }* ConfigurationTable;
 } EfiSystemTable;
 
 #define kEfiOk 0
@@ -726,9 +750,11 @@ enum {
 
 #define EFI_EXTRA_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE 8
 
-#define EFI_MP_SERVICES_PROTOCOL_GUID                                              \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x3fdda605, 0xa76e, 0x4f46, { 0xad, 0x29, 0x12, 0xf4, 0x53, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0x08 } \
+#define EFI_MP_SERVICES_PROTOCOL_GUID                \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x3fdda605, 0xa76e, 0x4f46, {                    \
+      0xad, 0x29, 0x12, 0xf4, 0x53, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0x08 \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 #define PROCESSOR_AS_BSP_BIT 0x00000001
@@ -825,9 +851,11 @@ typedef struct EfiTime {
   UInt8  Pad2;
 } EfiTime;
 
-#define EFI_FILE_INFO_GUID                                                         \
-  {                                                                                \
-    0x09576e92, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, { 0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b } \
+#define EFI_FILE_INFO_GUID                           \
+  {                                                  \
+    0x09576e92, 0x6d3f, 0x11d2, {                    \
+      0x8e, 0x39, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b \
+    }                                                \
   }
 
 struct EfiFileInfo EFI_FINAL {
@@ -896,8 +924,8 @@ typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesStartupThisAP)(
     IN Void* ProcedureArgument OPTIONAL, OUT Boolean* Finished OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesDisableThisAP)(IN struct _EfiMpServicesProtocol* Self,
-                                                            IN UInt32  ProcessorNumber,
-                                                            IN Boolean EnableAP,
+                                                            IN UInt32             ProcessorNumber,
+                                                            IN Boolean            EnableAP,
                                                             IN UInt32* HealthFlag OPTIONAL);
 
 typedef EfiStatusType EFI_API (*EfiMpServicesWhoAmI)(IN struct _EfiMpServicesProtocol* Self,
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h
index 05291929..dcab3607 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/EPM.h
@@ -97,11 +97,13 @@ struct PACKED EPM_PART_BLOCK {
 ///! @brief Use in boot block version field.
 
 enum {
-  kEPMInvalid   = 0x00,
-  kEPMGeneric   = 0xcf,  /// @brief Generic OS
-  kEPMLinux     = 0x8f,  /// @brief Linux on EPM
-  kEPMBSD       = 0x9f,  /// @brief Berkeley Soft. Distribution
-  kEPMNeKernel  = 0x1f,  /// @brief NeKernel.
+  kEPMInvalid  = 0x00,
+  kEPMGeneric  = 0xcf,  /// @brief Generic OS
+  kEPMLinux    = 0x8f,  /// @brief Linux on EPM.
+  kEPMBSD      = 0x9f,  /// @brief BSD on EPM.
+  kEPMNeKernel = 0x1f,  /// @brief NeKernel.
+  kEPMVMKernel = 0x2f,  /// @brief VMKernel.
+  /// @note ... the rest is reserved for future OSes.
   kEPMInvalidOS = 0xff,
 };
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h
index 3ed11363..3ed11363 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/NS.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NS.h
index 06197fcd..a4d6a251 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/NS.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NS.h
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/BootNet.h>
-#include <FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h>
-\ No newline at end of file
+#include <FirmwareKit/NeBoot/BootNet.h>
+#include <FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h
index 9e756a70..621b3b64 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/CoreBoot/CoreBoot.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/FirmwareKit/NeBoot/NeBoot.h
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
-namespace Firmware::Detail::CoreBoot {
+namespace Firmware::Detail::NeBoot {
 using namespace Kernel;
 
-struct COREBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC;
+struct NEBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC;
 
 /// @brief Linear Executable Header
 /// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
-struct ATTRIBUTE(aligned(4)) COREBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC {
+struct ATTRIBUTE(aligned(4)) NEBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC {
   const Char   fMagic[2];      // magic number
   const Char   fName[10];      // operating system name
   const UInt32 fRevision;      // firmware revision
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ struct ATTRIBUTE(aligned(4)) COREBOOT_LINEAR_EXEC {
   UIntPtr fMBCIStructureVersion;  // MBCI structure version.
 #endif
 };
-}  // namespace Firmware::Detail::CoreBoot
+}  // namespace Firmware::Detail::NeBoot
diff --git a/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h b/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
index 14f0393c..28f3a20c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/GfxKit/FB.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <modules/CoreGfx/CoreGfx.h>
-#include <modules/CoreGfx/TextGfx.h>
+#include <KernelKit/DeviceMgr.h>
 
 namespace Kernel {
 class FBDeviceInterface;
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ class FBDeviceInterface NE_DEVICE<FBDevicePacket*> {
   const Char* Name() const override;
 
  public:
-  FBDeviceInterface& operator<<(FBDevicePacket* Data) override;
-  FBDeviceInterface& operator>>(FBDevicePacket* Data) override;
+  FBDeviceInterface& operator<<(FBDevicePacket* dat) override;
+  FBDeviceInterface& operator>>(FBDevicePacket* dat) override;
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-AMD64.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc
index 30c8306e..cd135abc 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-AMD64.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/CxxAbi.cc
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#ifdef __NE_AMD64__
-
 #include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
 #include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
 #include <KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h>
@@ -78,5 +76,3 @@ EXTERN_C void __cxa_guard_abort(__guard* g) {
   (void) g;
 }
 }  // namespace cxxabiv1
-
-#endif  // ifdef __NE_AMD64__
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index aeaeff52..64f146f3 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -32,10 +32,9 @@
 #include <modules/ACPI/ACPIFactoryInterface.h>
 #include <modules/CoreGfx/TextGfx.h>
 
-/// @note: _hal_switch_context is internal
-
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+/// @note: _hal_switch_context is internal.
 /// @brief The **HAL** namespace.
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -45,15 +44,15 @@ struct HAL_APIC_MADT;
 struct HAL_HARDWARE_THREAD;
 
 struct HAL_HARDWARE_THREAD final {
-  HAL::StackFramePtr mFramePtr;
-  ProcessID          mThreadID{0};
+  StackFramePtr mFramePtr;
+  ProcessID     mThreadID{0};
 };
 
-EXTERN_C Void sched_jump_to_task(HAL::StackFramePtr stack_frame);
+EXTERN_C Void sched_jump_to_task(StackFramePtr stack_frame);
 
-STATIC HAL_APIC_MADT* kMADTBlock = nullptr;
-STATIC Bool           kSMPAware  = false;
-STATIC Int64          kSMPCount  = 0;
+STATIC HAL_APIC_MADT* kSMPBlock = nullptr;
+STATIC Bool           kSMPAware = false;
+STATIC Int64          kSMPCount = 0;
 
 EXTERN_C UIntPtr kApicBaseAddress;
 
@@ -70,6 +69,7 @@ struct HAL_APIC_MADT final SDT_OBJECT {
   UInt8  List[1];  // Records List
 };
 
+/// @brief Local APIC Descriptor Table.
 struct LAPIC final {
   UInt8  Type;
   UInt8  Length;
@@ -113,17 +113,19 @@ EXTERN_C HAL::StackFramePtr mp_get_current_task(ThreadID thrdid) {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 EXTERN_C BOOL mp_register_task(HAL::StackFramePtr stack_frame, ThreadID thrdid) {
-  if (thrdid > kSMPCount) return NO;
   if (!stack_frame) return NO;
 
-  kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr = stack_frame;
-
-  HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[thrdid].Leak()->Busy(NO);
+  if (thrdid > kSMPCount) return NO;
 
   if (!kSMPAware) {
     sched_jump_to_task(kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr);
+
+    return YES;
   }
 
+  HardwareThreadScheduler::The()[thrdid].Leak()->Busy(NO);
+  kHWThread[thrdid].mFramePtr = stack_frame;
+
   return YES;
 }
 
@@ -158,11 +160,11 @@ Void mp_init_cores(VoidPtr vendor_ptr) noexcept {
     return;
   }
 
-  kRawMADT   = pwr.Leak().Leak();
-  kMADTBlock = reinterpret_cast<HAL_APIC_MADT*>(kRawMADT);
-  kSMPAware  = NO;
+  kRawMADT  = pwr.Leak().Leak();
+  kSMPBlock = reinterpret_cast<HAL_APIC_MADT*>(kRawMADT);
+  kSMPAware = NO;
 
-  if (kMADTBlock) {
+  if (kSMPBlock) {
     kSMPInterrupt = 0;
     kSMPCount     = 0;
 
@@ -189,8 +191,8 @@ Void mp_init_cores(VoidPtr vendor_ptr) noexcept {
     controller.Write(LAPIC_REG_TIMER_LVT, 0x20 | (1 << 17));
     controller.Write(LAPIC_REG_TIMER_INITCNT, 1000000);
 
-    volatile UInt8* entry_ptr = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt8*>(kMADTBlock->List);
-    volatile UInt8* end_ptr   = ((UInt8*) kMADTBlock) + kMADTBlock->Length;
+    volatile UInt8* entry_ptr = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt8*>(kSMPBlock->List);
+    volatile UInt8* end_ptr   = ((UInt8*) kSMPBlock) + kSMPBlock->Length;
 
     while (entry_ptr < end_ptr) {
       UInt8 type   = *entry_ptr;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index be6d0af5..0c2d0960 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -61,8 +61,7 @@ EXTERN_C void idt_handle_scheduler(Kernel::UIntPtr rsp) {
 
   hal_idt_send_eoi(32);
 
-  while (kIsRunning)
-    ;
+  while (kIsRunning);
 
   kIsRunning = YES;
 
@@ -148,8 +147,8 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_system_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
 /// @brief Enter Kernel call from assembly (libDDK only).
 /// @param stack the stack pushed from assembly routine.
 /// @return nothing.
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
-                                            Kernel::UIntPtr rdx_kerncall_arg) {
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash, Kernel::SizeT cnt,
+                                            Kernel::UIntPtr arg, Kernel::SizeT sz) {
   hal_idt_send_eoi(51);
 
   if (!Kernel::kRootUser) return;
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
   for (SizeT i = 0UL; i < kMaxDispatchCallCount; ++i) {
     if (kKernCalls[i].fHooked && rcx_hash == kKernCalls[rcx_hash].fHash) {
       if (kKernCalls[i].fProc) {
-        (kKernCalls[i].fProc)((Kernel::VoidPtr) rdx_kerncall_arg);
+        (kKernCalls[i].fProc)(cnt, (Kernel::VoidPtr) arg, sz);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
index f9749946..56d46a15 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalDescriptorLoader.cc
@@ -30,10 +30,11 @@ Void IDTLoader::Load(Register64& idt) {
   volatile UIntPtr** ptr_ivt = (volatile UIntPtr**) idt.Base;
 
   for (SizeT idt_indx = 0; idt_indx < kKernelIdtSize; ++idt_indx) {
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Selector       = kIDTSelector;
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Ist            = 0;
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].TypeAttributes = kInterruptGate;
-    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetLow      = ((UIntPtr) ptr_ivt[idt_indx] & 0xFFFF);
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Selector = kIDTSelector;
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].Ist      = 0;
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].TypeAttributes =
+        kKernelInterruptId ? kUserInterruptGate : kInterruptGate;
+    Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetLow = ((UIntPtr) ptr_ivt[idt_indx] & 0xFFFF);
     Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetMid =
         (((UIntPtr) ptr_ivt[idt_indx] >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
     Detail::kInterruptVectorTable[idt_indx].OffsetHigh =
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 446a1e85..c7a87b13 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include <KernelKit/Timer.h>
 #include <NetworkKit/IPC.h>
 #include <StorageKit/AHCI.h>
-#include <generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h>
+#include <misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h>
 #include <modules/ACPI/ACPIFactoryInterface.h>
 #include <modules/CoreGfx/TextGfx.h>
 
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
 
   kKernelVM = kHandoverHeader->f_PageStart;
 
+  if (!kKernelVM) {
+    MUST_PASS(kKernelVM);
+    return kEfiFail;
+  }
+
   hal_write_cr3(kKernelVM);
 
   /************************************** */
@@ -163,7 +168,6 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_real_init(Kernel::Void) noexcept {
 
   idt_loader.Load(idt_reg);
 
-  while (YES)
-    ;
+  while (YES);
 }
 #endif  // ifndef __NE_MODULAR_KERNEL_COMPONENTS__
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc
index 048cb7c2..ced4f268 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalPagingMgr.cc
@@ -117,9 +117,12 @@ EXTERN_C Int32 mm_memory_fence(VoidPtr virtual_address) {
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manipulation process.
 /***********************************************************************************/
-EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags) {
+EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags,
+                           UInt32 level) {
   if (physical_address == 0) return kErrorInvalidData;
 
+  NE_UNUSED(level);  /// @todo support PML4, and PDPT levels.
+
   const UInt64     kVMAddr   = (UInt64) virtual_address;
   constexpr UInt64 kMask9    = 0x1FF;
   constexpr UInt64 kPageMask = 0xFFF;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
index 13573880..22876a96 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/HalTimer.cc
@@ -61,11 +61,8 @@ HardwareTimer::HardwareTimer(UInt64 ms) : fWaitFor(ms) {
   // if not enabled yet.
   if (!(*((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) & (1 << 0))) {
     *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) =
-        *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) |
-        (1 << 0);  // enable timer
-    *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) =
-        *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) |
-        (1 << 3);  // one shot conf
+        *((volatile UInt64*) ((UInt8*) fDigitalTimer + kHPETConfigRegValue)) | (1 << 0) |
+        (1 << 3);  // enable timer & one shot conf
   }
 }
 
@@ -80,18 +77,21 @@ HardwareTimer::~HardwareTimer() {
 
 BOOL HardwareTimer::Wait() noexcept {
   if (fWaitFor < 1) return NO;
+  if (fWaitFor > 1'000'000) return NO;  // max 1000s = 16 minutes
 
-  UInt64 hpet_cap              = *((volatile UInt64*) (fDigitalTimer + kHPETCounterRegValue));
+  UInt64 hpet_cap              = *((volatile UInt64*) (fDigitalTimer));
   UInt64 femtoseconds_per_tick = (hpet_cap >> 32);
 
   if (femtoseconds_per_tick == 0) return NO;
 
   volatile UInt64* timer = (volatile UInt64*) (fDigitalTimer + kHPETCounterRegValue);
 
-  UInt64 now  = *timer;
-  UInt64 prev = now + (fWaitFor / femtoseconds_per_tick);
+  UInt64 now = *timer;
+
+  UInt64 fs_wait = fWaitFor * 1'000'000'000'000ULL;
+  UInt64 stop_at = now + (fs_wait / femtoseconds_per_tick);
 
-  while (*timer < (prev)) asm volatile("pause");
+  while (*timer < (stop_at)) asm volatile("pause");
 
   return YES;
 }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
index 3ccbfa24..be27915a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Network/Generic+Basic+RTL8139.cc
@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ using namespace Kernel::HAL;
 
 STATIC UInt16 kRTLIOBase = 0xFFFF;
 
-STATIC BOOL kTXEnabled = NO;
-
-STATIC UInt32 kRXOffset = 0UL;
+STATIC BOOL kTXRXEnabled = NO;
 
+STATIC UInt32                 kRXOffset     = 0UL;
 STATIC constexpr CONST UInt32 kRXBufferSize = 8192 + 16 + 1500;
 
 STATIC UInt8* kRXUpperLayer = nullptr;
@@ -26,8 +25,8 @@ STATIC UInt8* kRXBuffer     = nullptr;
 ///@brief RTL8139 Init routine.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-EXTERN_C Void rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
-  if (kTXEnabled) return;
+EXTERN_C BOOL rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
+  if (kTXRXEnabled) return NO;
 
   kRTLIOBase = io_base;
 
@@ -49,8 +48,7 @@ EXTERN_C Void rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
   }
 
   if (timeout <= 0x1000) {
-    ke_panic(RUNTIME_CHECK_BAD_BEHAVIOR, "RTL8139: Reset failed");
-    return;
+    return NO;
   }
 
   rt_out32(io_base + 0x30, (UInt32) (UIntPtr) kRXBuffer);
@@ -61,16 +59,21 @@ EXTERN_C Void rtl_init_nic_rtl8139(UInt16 io_base) noexcept {
 
   rt_out16(io_base + 0x3C, 0x0005);
 
-  kTXEnabled = YES;
+  kTXRXEnabled = YES;
+
+  return YES;
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief RTL8139 I/O interrupt handler.
+/// @param rsp stack pointer.
 /// @note This function is called when the device interrupts to retrieve network data.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-EXTERN_C void rtl_rtl8139_interrupt_handler() {
-  if (kRTLIOBase == 0xFFFF) return;
+EXTERN_C Void rtl_rtl8139_interrupt_handler(UIntPtr rsp) {
+  if (kRTLIOBase == 0xFFFF || kRTLIOBase == 0) return;
+
+  NE_UNUSED(rsp);
 
   UInt16 status = rt_in16(kRTLIOBase + 0x3E);
   rt_out16(kRTLIOBase + 0x3E, status);
@@ -111,4 +114,16 @@ EXTERN_C void rtl_rtl8139_interrupt_handler() {
 
 EXTERN_C UInt8* rtl_rtl8139_get_upper_layer() {
   return kRXUpperLayer;
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+/***********************************************************************************/
+/// @brief RTL8139 set upper layer function
+/// @param layer the upper layer.
+/***********************************************************************************/
+
+EXTERN_C BOOL rtl_rtl8139_set_upper_layer(UInt8* layer) {
+  if (!layer) return NO;
+  kRXUpperLayer = layer;
+
+  return YES;
+}
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
index 079acde4..cf297632 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Paging.h
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ namespace Detail {
     PageEnable          = 31,
   };
 
-  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) { return static_cast<UInt8>(reg); }
+  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) {
+    return static_cast<UInt8>(reg);
+  }
 }  // namespace Detail
 
 auto mm_alloc_bitmap(Boolean wr, Boolean user, SizeT size, Bool is_page, SizeT pad = 0) -> VoidPtr;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
index 80dc7a1d..99f857b1 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Processor.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #define IsLevelTriggered(FLG) (FLG & 8)
 
 #define kInterruptGate (0x8E)
+#define kUserInterruptGate (0xEE)
 #define kTrapGate (0xEF)
 #define kTaskGate (0b10001100)
 #define kIDTSelector (0x08)
@@ -245,7 +246,8 @@ class LAPICDmaWrapper final {
 /// @param phys_addr point to physical address.
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manip.
-EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags);
+EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags,
+                           UInt32 level = 2);
 
 EXTERN_C UInt8  rt_in8(UInt16 port);
 EXTERN_C UInt16 rt_in16(UInt16 port);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
index cd41480a..3363e809 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/AHCI+Generic.cc
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ template <BOOL Write, BOOL CommandOrCTRL, BOOL Identify>
 STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz,
                                       SizeT size_buffer) noexcept {
   if (sector_sz == 0) {
-    kout << "Invalid sector size.\r";
+    kout << "ahci: Invalid sector size.\r";
     err_global_get() = kErrorDisk;
     return;
   }
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   lba /= sector_sz;
 
   if (!buffer || size_buffer == 0) {
-    kout << "Invalid buffer for AHCI I/O.\r";
+    kout << "ahci: Invalid buffer for AHCI I/O.\r";
     err_global_get() = kErrorDisk;
     return;
   }
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
 
   while (slot == ~0UL) {
     if (timeout > kTimeout) {
-      kout << "No free command slot found, AHCI disk is busy!\r";
+      kout << "ahci: No free command slot found, AHCI disk is busy!\r";
 
       err_global_get() = kErrorDisk;
       return;
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   command_table->Prdt[prdt_index - 1].Ie = YES;
 
   if (bytes_remaining > 0) {
-    kout << "Warning: AHCI PRDT overflow, cannot map full buffer.\r";
+    kout << "ahci: AHCI PRDT overflow, cannot map full buffer.\r";
     err_global_get() = kErrorDisk;
     rtl_dma_free(size_buffer);
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
 
   while (YES) {
     if (timeout > kTimeout) {
-      kout << "Disk hangup!\r";
+      kout << "ahci: disk-hangup, corrupted-disk.\r";
       err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
       rtl_dma_free(size_buffer);
 
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   rtl_dma_flush(ptr, size_buffer);
 
   if (kSATAHba->Is & kSATAErrTaskFile) {
-    kout << "AHCI Task File Error during I/O.\r";
+    kout << "ahci: Task File Error during I/O.\r";
 
     rtl_dma_free(size_buffer);
     err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
@@ -293,9 +293,8 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
     if ((kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq)) == 0) {
       goto ahci_io_end;
     } else {
-      kout << "Warning: Disk still busy after command completion!\r";
-      while (kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq))
-        ;
+      kout << "ahci: Disk still busy after command completion!\r";
+      while (kSATAHba->Ports[kSATAIndex].Tfd & (kSATASRBsy | kSATASRDrq));
     }
 
   ahci_io_end:
@@ -308,13 +307,15 @@ STATIC Void drv_std_input_output_ahci(UInt64 lba, UInt8* buffer, SizeT sector_sz
   @brief Gets the number of sectors inside the drive.
   @return Sector size in bytes.
  */
-STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused) SizeT drv_get_sector_count_ahci() {
+STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused)
+SizeT  drv_get_sector_count_ahci() {
   return kSATASectorCount;
 }
 
 /// @brief Get the drive size.
 /// @return Disk size in bytes.
-STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused) SizeT drv_get_size_ahci() {
+STATIC ATTRIBUTE(unused)
+SizeT  drv_get_size_ahci() {
   return drv_std_get_sector_count() * kAHCISectorSize;
 }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
index 39efb7d3..4688203f 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/DMA+Generic.cc
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Void drv_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorSz
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz - 1) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
@@ -123,8 +123,7 @@ Void drv_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorSz
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x09);  // Start DMA engine
 
-  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01)
-    ;
+  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01);
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x00);  // Stop DMA engine
 
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ Void drv_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorS
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + (SectorSz - 1)) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
@@ -163,8 +162,7 @@ Void drv_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT SectorS
 
   rt_out8(IO + 0x00, 0x09);  // Start DMA engine
 
-  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01)
-    ;
+  while (rt_in8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + ATA_REG_STATUS) & 0x01);
 
   rt_out8(kATADevice.Bar(0x20) + 0x00, 0x00);  // Stop DMA engine
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
index 6fccbdfa..9c5b3931 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/AMD64/Storage/PIO+Generic.cc
@@ -83,8 +83,7 @@ ATAInit_Retry:
 
   rt_out8(OutBus + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_IDENTIFY);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   /// fetch serial info
   /// model, speed, number of sectors...
@@ -117,15 +116,14 @@ Void drv_pio_std_read(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT Sect
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_READ_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     drv_pio_std_wait_io(IO);
@@ -149,15 +147,14 @@ Void drv_pio_std_write(UInt64 Lba, UInt16 IO, UInt8 Master, Char* Buf, SizeT Sec
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_SEC_COUNT0, ((Size + SectorSz) / SectorSz));
 
-  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) &0xFF);
+  rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA0, (Lba) & 0xFF);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA1, (Lba) >> 8);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA2, (Lba) >> 16);
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_LBA3, (Lba) >> 24);
 
   rt_out8(IO + ATA_REG_COMMAND, ATA_CMD_WRITE_PIO);
 
-  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ))
-    ;
+  while (!(rt_in8(IO + ATA_REG_STATUS) & ATA_SR_DRQ));
 
   for (SizeT IndexOff = 0; IndexOff < Size; IndexOff += 2) {
     drv_pio_std_wait_io(IO);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc
index e58fb782..17a60515 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/APM/APM+IO.cc
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 using namespace Kernel;
 
-/// @brief Send APM command to it's IO space.
+/// @brief Send APM command to its IO space.
 /// @param base_dma the IO base port.
 /// @param cmd the command.
 /// @return status code.
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-ARM64.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc
index e91eb958..964fc2f4 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/CxxAbi-ARM64.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/CxxAbi.cc
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#ifdef __NE_ARM64__
-
 #include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
 #include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
 #include <NeKit/CxxAbi.h>
@@ -87,5 +85,3 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void _Init_thread_header(Kernel::Int* thread_obj) {
 }
 
 EXTERN_C Kernel::Int _tls_index = 0UL;
-
-#endif  // ifdef __NE_ARM64__
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
index 61a82314..63a42de8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalCoreInterruptHandler.cc
@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@
 #include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
 
 EXTERN_C Kernel::Void int_handle_breakpoint(Kernel::UIntPtr rip);
- EXTERN_C BOOL mp_handle_gic_interrupt_el0(Void);
+EXTERN_C BOOL         mp_handle_gic_interrupt_el0(Void);
 
-EXTERN_C BOOL kEndOfInterrupt;
+EXTERN_C BOOL  kEndOfInterrupt;
 EXTERN_C UInt8 kEndOfInterruptVector;
 
 STATIC BOOL kIsRunning = NO;
 
 /// @note This is managed by the system software.
 STATIC void hal_int_send_eoi(UInt8 vector) {
-  kEndOfInterrupt = YES;
+  kEndOfInterrupt       = YES;
   kEndOfInterruptVector = vector;
 }
 
@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@ EXTERN_C void int_handle_scheduler(Kernel::UIntPtr rsp) {
 
   hal_int_send_eoi(32);
 
-  while (kIsRunning)
-    ;
+  while (kIsRunning);
 
   kIsRunning = YES;
 
@@ -143,10 +142,8 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_system_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
 /// @brief Enter Kernel call from assembly (libDDK only).
 /// @param stack the stack pushed from assembly routine.
 /// @return nothing.
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
-                                            Kernel::UIntPtr rdx_kerncall_arg) {
-  hal_int_send_eoi(51);
-
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash, Kernel::SizeT cnt,
+                                            Kernel::UIntPtr arg, Kernel::SizeT sz) {
   if (!Kernel::kRootUser) return;
   if (Kernel::kCurrentUser != Kernel::kRootUser) return;
   if (!Kernel::kCurrentUser->IsSuperUser()) return;
@@ -154,7 +151,7 @@ EXTERN_C Kernel::Void hal_kernel_call_enter(Kernel::UIntPtr rcx_hash,
   for (SizeT i = 0UL; i < kMaxDispatchCallCount; ++i) {
     if (kKernCalls[i].fHooked && rcx_hash == kKernCalls[rcx_hash].fHash) {
       if (kKernCalls[i].fProc) {
-        (kKernCalls[i].fProc)((Kernel::VoidPtr) rdx_kerncall_arg);
+        (kKernCalls[i].fProc)(cnt, (Kernel::VoidPtr) arg, sz);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
index 20bd3d8a..d8e6843b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalKernelMain.cc
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ EXTERN_C void hal_init_platform(Kernel::HEL::BootInfoHeader* handover_hdr) {
 
   Kernel::mp_init_cores();
 
-  while (YES)
-    ;
+  while (YES);
 }
 #endif
 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
index faad6778..b7b0c10e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/HalPagingMgr.cc
@@ -13,16 +13,74 @@
 namespace Kernel::HAL {
 typedef UInt32 PageTableIndex;
 
+EXTERN_C UIntPtr mm_get_page_addr(VoidPtr virtual_address) {
+  if (!virtual_address) return 0;
+
+  UInt64 ttbr0_val = 0;
+
+  asm volatile("mrs %0, ttbr0_el1" : "=r"(ttbr0_val));
+  volatile UInt64* l1_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ttbr0_val);
+
+  UInt64 l1_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 39) & 0x1FF;
+  UInt64 l2_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 30) & 0x1FF;
+  UInt64 l3_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 21) & 0x1FF;
+
+  if (!l1_table[l1_idx]) return 0;
+
+  volatile UInt64* l2_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(l1_table[l1_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+
+  if (!l2_table[l2_idx]) return 0;
+
+  volatile UInt64* l3_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(l2_table[l2_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+
+  if (!l3_table[l3_idx]) return 0;
+
+  return (l3_table[l3_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+}
+
 /// @brief Maps or allocates a page from virtual_address.
 /// @param virtual_address a valid virtual address.
 /// @param phys_addr point to physical address.
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manipulation process.
-EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags) {
-  if (!virtual_address || !flags) return kErrorInvalidData;
+EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags,
+                           UInt32 level) {
+  if (!virtual_address || !flags || !physical_address) return kErrorInvalidData;
+
+  UInt64 ttbr0_val = 0;
+
+  asm volatile("mrs %0, ttbr0_el1" : "=r"(ttbr0_val));
+  volatile UInt64* l1_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ttbr0_val);
+
+  UInt64 l1_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 39) & 0x1FF;
+  UInt64 l2_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 30) & 0x1FF;
+  UInt64 l3_idx = (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(virtual_address) >> 21) & 0x1FF;
+
+  if (!l1_table[l1_idx]) return kErrorInvalidData;
+
+  volatile UInt64* l2_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(l1_table[l1_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+
+  if (!l2_table[l2_idx]) return kErrorInvalidData;
+
+  volatile UInt64* l3_table = reinterpret_cast<volatile UInt64*>(l2_table[l2_idx] & ~0xFFFUL);
+
+  l3_table[l3_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
 
-  NE_UNUSED(physical_address);
+  switch (level) {
+    case 2: {
+      l3_table[l3_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
+      return kErrorSuccess;
+    }
+    case 1: {
+      l1_table[l1_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
+      return kErrorSuccess;
+    }
+    case 0: {
+      l1_table[l1_idx] = (reinterpret_cast<UInt64>(physical_address) & ~0xFFFUL) | flags;
+      return kErrorSuccess;
+    }
+  }
 
-  return kErrorSuccess;
+  return kErrorInvalidData;
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel::HAL
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
index 5001871b..be9fb116 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Paging.h
@@ -86,14 +86,16 @@ namespace Detail {
     PageEnable          = 31,
   };
 
-  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) { return static_cast<UInt8>(reg); }
+  inline UInt8 control_register_cast(ControlRegisterBits reg) {
+    return static_cast<UInt8>(reg);
+  }
 }  // namespace Detail
 
 struct PDE_4KB final {
   PTE_4KB ALIGN(kPageAlign) fEntries[kPageMax];
 };
 
-auto mm_alloc_bitmap(Boolean wr, Boolean user, SizeT size, Bool is_page) -> VoidPtr;
+auto mm_alloc_bitmap(Boolean wr, Boolean user, SizeT size, Bool is_page, SizeT pad = 0) -> VoidPtr;
 auto mm_free_bitmap(VoidPtr page_ptr) -> Bool;
 }  // namespace Kernel::HAL
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h
index 068b798d..68fe736c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/ARM64/Processor.h
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ enum {
 /// @param phys_addr point to physical address.
 /// @param flags the flags to put on the page.
 /// @return Status code of page manip.
-EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags);
+EXTERN_C Int32 mm_map_page(VoidPtr virtual_address, VoidPtr physical_address, UInt32 flags,
+                           UInt32 level = 2);
 
 EXTERN_C UIntPtr mm_get_page_addr(VoidPtr virtual_address);
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index daa26e53..6059e3be 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/POWER/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace Kernel::Detail {
 STATIC void mp_hang_fn(void) {
-  while (YES)
-    ;
+  while (YES);
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel::Detail
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc b/dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
index 31d4a62e..e6fdddfb 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/HALKit/RISCV/HalApplicationProcessor.cc
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ using namespace Kernel;
 namespace Kernel {
 namespace Detail {
   STATIC void mp_hang_fn(void) {
-    while (YES)
-      ;
+    while (YES);
   }
 
 }  // namespace Detail
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
index 45d4bd8d..f2c15af0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/BinaryMutex.h
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ class BinaryMutex final {
   bool Unlock() noexcept;
 
  public:
-  BOOL WaitForProcess(const Int16& sec) noexcept;
+  BOOL WaitForProcess(const UInt32& sec) noexcept;
 
  public:
-  bool Lock(USER_PROCESS& process);
-  bool LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS& process, TimerInterface* timer);
+  bool Lock(USER_PROCESS* process);
+  bool LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS* process, TimerInterface* timer);
 
  public:
   NE_COPY_DEFAULT(BinaryMutex)
 
  private:
-  USER_PROCESS& fLockingProcess;
+  USER_PROCESS* fLockingProcess{nullptr};
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h
index 072ba4d5..c733bc47 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CodeMgr.h
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 #include <KernelKit/PECodeMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h>
 
+/// @file CodeMgr.h
+/// @brief Code Manager header file.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 namespace Kernel {
 /// @brief Main process entrypoint.
 typedef void (*rtl_main_kind)(void);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
index c06ef92c..a7908b7d 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/CoreProcessScheduler.h
@@ -9,13 +9,17 @@
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 #include <NeKit/ErrorOr.h>
 
+/// @file CoreProcessScheduler.h
+/// @brief Core Process Scheduler header file.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 #define kSchedMinMicroTime (AffinityKind::kStandard)
 #define kSchedInvalidPID (-1)
 #define kSchedProcessLimitPerTeam (32U)
 #define kSchedTeamCount (256U)
 
-#define kSchedMaxMemoryLimit gib_cast(128) /* max physical memory limit */
-#define kSchedMaxStackSz (kib_cast(8))     /* maximum stack size */
+#define kSchedMaxMemoryLimit (gib_cast(128)) /* max physical memory limit */
+#define kSchedMaxStackSz (kib_cast(8))       /* maximum stack size */
 
 #define kSchedNameLen (128U)
 
@@ -32,19 +36,23 @@ template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE;
 
 template <typename T>
+struct PROCESS_SPECIAL_TREE;
+
+template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE;
 
 enum {
   kInvalidTreeKind = 0U,
   kRedTreeKind     = 100U,
   kBlackTreeKind   = 101U,
-  kTreeKindCount   = 2U,
+  kTreeKindCount   = 3U,
 };
 
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE {
-  static constexpr auto kPtr = true;
-  static constexpr auto kFD  = false;
+  static constexpr auto kHeap    = true;
+  static constexpr auto kFile    = false;
+  static constexpr auto kSpecial = false;
 
   T     Entry{nullptr};
   SizeT EntrySize{0UL};
@@ -69,8 +77,9 @@ struct PROCESS_HEAP_TREE {
 
 template <typename T>
 struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
-  static constexpr auto kPtr = false;
-  static constexpr auto kFD  = true;
+  static constexpr auto kHeap    = false;
+  static constexpr auto kFile    = true;
+  static constexpr auto kSpecial = false;
 
   T     Entry{nullptr};
   SizeT EntrySize{0UL};
@@ -81,6 +90,7 @@ struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Parent {
     nullptr
   };
+
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Child {
     nullptr
   };
@@ -88,6 +98,7 @@ struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE {
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Prev {
     nullptr
   };
+
   struct PROCESS_FILE_TREE<T>* Next {
     nullptr
   };
@@ -106,8 +117,6 @@ enum class ProcessSubsystem : Int32 {
   kProcessSubsystemCount   = 4,
 };
 
-typedef UInt64 PTime;
-
 /***********************************************************************************/
 //! @brief Local Process identifier.
 /***********************************************************************************/
@@ -170,7 +179,8 @@ inline bool operator>=(AffinityKind lhs, AffinityKind rhs) {
   return lhs_int >= rhs_int;
 }
 
-using ProcessTime = UInt64;
+using PTime       = UInt64;
+using ProcessTime = PTime;
 using PID         = Int64;
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
@@ -180,7 +190,7 @@ enum class ProcessLevelRing : Int32 {
   kRingStdUser   = 1,
   kRingSuperUser = 2,
   kRingGuestUser = 5,
-  kRingCount     = 5,
+  kRingCount     = 3,
 };
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
@@ -200,8 +210,8 @@ struct PROCESS_IMAGE final {
 
   friend class UserProcessScheduler;
 
-  ImagePtr fCode;
-  ImagePtr fBlob;
+  ImagePtr fCode{};
+  ImagePtr fBlob{};
 
  public:
   Bool HasCode() const { return this->fCode != nullptr; }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
index de3bc997..992d1ca7 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DebugOutput.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <NeKit/Stream.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
-#define kDebugUnboundPort 0x0FEED
+#define kDebugPort (51820U)
 
 #define kDebugMag0 'K'
 #define kDebugMag1 'D'
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 namespace Kernel {
 class TerminalDevice;
 class DTraceDevice;
-class DebugDevice;
+class NeDebugDevice;
 class Utf8TerminalDevice;
 
 inline TerminalDevice end_line();
@@ -180,17 +180,9 @@ inline TerminalDevice get_console_in(Char* buf) {
   return self;
 }
 
-inline constexpr SizeT kDebugTypeLen = 256U;
+inline constexpr SizeT kDebugCmdLen = 256U;
 
-typedef Char rt_debug_type[kDebugTypeLen];
-
-/// @brief KDBG's packet header.
-class KernelDebugHeader final {
- public:
-  Int16         fPort;
-  Int16         fPortKind;
-  rt_debug_type fPortBlob;
-};
+typedef Char rt_debug_cmd[kDebugCmdLen];
 
 inline TerminalDevice& operator<<(TerminalDevice& src, const Long& num) {
   src = number(num);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
index 4a530deb..69df1cec 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/DriveMgr.h
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #ifndef INC_DRIVE_MANAGER_H
 #define INC_DRIVE_MANAGER_H
 
+/// @file DriveMgr.h
+/// @brief Drive Manager.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
 #include <KernelKit/DeviceMgr.h>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
index 13eeabdf..f925a96c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/FileMgr.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
   File: FileMgr.h
   Purpose: Kernel file manager.
+  Author: Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
@@ -21,7 +22,11 @@
 #ifndef INC_FILEMGR_H
 #define INC_FILEMGR_H
 
-//! Include filesystems that neoskrnl supports.
+/// @file FileMgr.h
+/// @brief File Manager.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
+//! Include filesystems that NeKernel supports.
 #include <FSKit/Ext2.h>
 #include <FSKit/HeFS.h>
 #include <FSKit/NeFS.h>
@@ -48,11 +53,6 @@
 
 #define rtl_node_cast(PTR) reinterpret_cast<Kernel::NodePtr>(PTR)
 
-/**
-  @note Refer to first enum.
-*/
-#define kFileOpsCount (4U)
-
 #define kFileMimeGeneric "ne-application-kind/all"
 
 /** @brief invalid position. (n-pos) */
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ enum {
   kFileReadAll    = 101,
   kFileReadChunk  = 102,
   kFileWriteChunk = 103,
-  kFileIOCnt      = (kFileWriteChunk - kFileWriteAll) + 1,
   // File flags (HFS+, NeFS specific)
   kFileFlagRsrc = 104,
   kFileFlagData = 105,
+  kFileIOCnt    = (kFileFlagData - kFileWriteAll) + 1,
 };
 
 typedef VoidPtr NodePtr;
@@ -284,12 +284,10 @@ class FileStream final {
         this->fFileRestrict != kFileMgrRestrictReadBinary)
       return nullptr;
 
-    NE_UNUSED(sz);
-
     auto man = FSClass::GetMounted();
 
     if (man) {
-      VoidPtr ret = man->Read(name, fFile, kFileReadAll, 0);
+      VoidPtr ret = man->Read(name, fFile, kFileReadAll, sz);
       return ret;
     }
 
@@ -394,6 +392,7 @@ inline FileStream<Encoding, Class>::FileStream(const Encoding* path, const Encod
 template <typename Encoding, typename Class>
 inline FileStream<Encoding, Class>::~FileStream() {
   mm_free_ptr(fFile);
+  fFile = nullptr;
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
index 76327a93..168a0cc1 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/HardwareThreadScheduler.h
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class HardwareThreadScheduler final : public ISchedulable {
  public:
   Ref<HardwareThread*> operator[](SizeT idx);
   bool                 operator!() noexcept;
-                       operator bool() noexcept;
+  operator bool() noexcept;
 
   Bool IsUser() override { return Yes; }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
index a3b13de6..794197e2 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KPC.h
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ inline constexpr KPCError kErrorFileLocked         = 64;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDiskIsTooTiny      = 65;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorDmaExhausted       = 66;
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorOutOfBitMapMemory  = 67;
+inline constexpr KPCError kErrorTimeout            = 68;
+inline constexpr KPCError kErrorAccessDenied       = 69;
+inline constexpr KPCError kErrorUnavailable        = 70;
 /// Generic errors.
 inline constexpr KPCError kErrorUnimplemented = -1;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
index 57b83ccb..c0879769 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/KernelTaskScheduler.h
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@
 #include <KernelKit/LockDelegate.h>
 
 namespace Kernel {
+class KernelTaskHelper;
+
+typedef PID KID;
+
+/// @brief Equivalent of USER_PROCESS, but for kernel tasks.
+/// @author Amlal
 class KERNEL_TASK final {
  public:
   Char               Name[kSchedNameLen] = {"KERNEL_TASK"};
@@ -23,5 +29,18 @@ class KERNEL_TASK final {
   UInt8*             StackReserve{nullptr};
   SizeT              StackSize{kSchedMaxStackSz};
   PROCESS_IMAGE      Image{};
+  /// @brief a KID is a Kernel Identification Descriptor, it is used to find a task running within
+  /// the kernel.
+  KID Kid{0};
+};
+
+/// @brief Equivalent of UserProcessHelper, but for kernel tasks.
+/// @author Amlal
+class KernelTaskHelper final {
+ public:
+  STATIC Bool Switch(HAL::StackFramePtr frame_ptr, PID new_kid);
+  STATIC Bool CanBeScheduled(const KERNEL_TASK& process);
+  STATIC ErrorOr<PID> TheCurrentKID();
+  STATIC SizeT        StartScheduling();
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h
index 1f9b1e56..ed7d8364 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class LoaderInterface {
 
  public:
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> GetBlob()                                              = 0;
-  virtual _Output const Char* AsString()                                                  = 0;
-  virtual _Output const Char* MIME()                                                      = 0;
-  virtual _Output const Char* Path()                                                      = 0;
+  virtual _Output const Char*      AsString()                                             = 0;
+  virtual _Output const Char*      MIME()                                                 = 0;
+  virtual _Output const Char*      Path()                                                 = 0;
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> FindStart()                                            = 0;
   virtual _Output ErrorOr<VoidPtr> FindSymbol(_Input const Char* name, _Input Int32 kind) = 0;
 };
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h
index b5977c92..a8c36de7 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/LockDelegate.h
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 enum {
-  kLockInvalid = 0,
-  kLockDone    = 200,
-  kLockTimedOut,
-  kLockCount = 3,
+  kLockInvalid  = 0,
+  kLockDone     = 200,
+  kLockTimedOut = 300,
+  kLockCount    = 3,
 };
 
 /// @brief Lock condition pointer.
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
index 7e7d3f0c..c4e3b61a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PCI/DMA.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class DMAWrapper final {
   T* Get(UIntPtr off = 0);
 
  public:
-       operator bool();
+  operator bool();
   bool operator!();
 
  public:
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
index c28c8f8c..fd39392e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEF.h
@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
-#ifndef KERNELKIT_PEF_H
-#define KERNELKIT_PEF_H
+#ifndef __KERNELKIT_PEF_H__
+#define __KERNELKIT_PEF_H__
 
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/LoaderInterface.h>
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
-#define kPefMagic "Joy!"
-#define kPefMagicFat "yoJ!"
+#define kPefMagic "Open"
+#define kPefMagicFat "nepO"
 
 #define kPefMagicLen (5)
 
-#define kPefVersion (4)
+#define kPefVersion (0x0500)
 #define kPefNameLen (256U)
 
 /* not mandatory, only for non fork based filesystems. */
@@ -54,15 +54,15 @@ enum {
   kPefArch32x0, /* 32x0. ISA */
   kPefArchPowerPC,
   kPefArchARM64,
-  kPefArchCount   = (kPefArchPowerPC - kPefArchIntel86S) + 1,
+  kPefArchCount   = (kPefArchARM64 - kPefArchIntel86S) + 1,
   kPefArchInvalid = 0xFF,
 };
 
 enum {
+  kPefSubArchGeneric,
   kPefSubArchAMD = 200,
   kPefSubArchIntel,
   kPefSubArchARM,
-  kPefSubArchGeneric,
   kPefSubArchIBM,
 };
 
@@ -98,16 +98,19 @@ typedef struct PEFCommandHeader final {
   UInt32  Flags;             /* container flags */
   UInt16  Kind;              /* container kind */
   UIntPtr Offset;            /* content offset */
-  UIntPtr VMAddress;         /* VM offset */
-  SizeT   Size;              /* content Size */
+  SizeT   OffsetSize;        /* offset size (physical size inside the file) */
+  UIntPtr VMAddress;         /* Virtual Address */
+  SizeT   VMSize;            /* Virtual Size */
 } PACKED PEFCommandHeader;
 
 enum {
+  kPefInvalid  = 0x0,
   kPefCode     = 0xC,
   kPefData     = 0xD,
   kPefZero     = 0xE,
   kPefLinkerID = 0x1,
+  kPefCount    = 4,
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
-#endif /* ifndef KERNELKIT_PEF_H */
+#endif /* ifndef __KERNELKIT_PEF_H__ */
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
index 18041f8f..d61aa863 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #ifndef _INC_CODE_MANAGER_PEF_H_
 #define _INC_CODE_MANAGER_PEF_H_
 
+/// @file PEFCodeMgr.h
+/// @brief PEF Code Manager header file.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 #include <KernelKit/FileMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/PEF.h>
 #include <NeKit/ErrorOr.h>
@@ -59,8 +63,8 @@ class PEFLoader : public LoaderInterface {
 
   Ref<KString> fPath;
   VoidPtr      fCachedBlob;
-  bool         fFatBinary;
-  bool         fBad;
+  BOOL         fFatBinary{};
+  BOOL         fBad{};
 };
 
 namespace Utils {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
index a1b5ecad..f73f36ed 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/Semaphore.h
@@ -6,10 +6,105 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @file Semaphore.h
+/// @brief Semaphore structure and functions for synchronization in the kernel.
+
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/Timer.h>
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
+#define kSemaphoreOwnerIndex (0U)
+#define kSemaphoreCountIndex (1U)
+
+#define kSemaphoreCount (2U)
+
+#define kSemaphoreIncrementOwner(sem) (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]++)
+#define kSemaphoreDecrementOwner(sem) (sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex]--)
+
 namespace Kernel {
-typedef Int64 Semaphore;
+/// @brief Semaphore structure used for synchronization.
+typedef UInt64 SemaphoreArr[kSemaphoreCount];
+
+/// @brief Checks if the semaphore is valid.
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_is_valid(const SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner = 0) {
+  return sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] == owner && sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] > 0;
+}
+
+/// @brief Releases the semaphore, resetting its owner and count.
+/// @param sem
+/// @return
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_release(SemaphoreArr& sem) {
+  sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] = 0;
+  sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] = 0;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/// @brief Initializes the semaphore with an owner and a count of zero.
+/// @param sem the semaphore array to use.
+/// @param owner the owner to set, could be anything identifitable.
+/// @return
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_acquire(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner) {
+  if (!owner) {
+    err_global_get() = kErrorInvalidData;
+    return FALSE;  // Invalid owner
+  }
+
+  sem[kSemaphoreOwnerIndex] = owner;
+  sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] = 0;
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+/// @brief Waits for the semaphore to be available, blocking until it is.
+/// @param sem
+/// @param timeout
+/// @param condition condition pointer.
+/// @return
+inline BOOL rtl_sem_wait(SemaphoreArr& sem, UInt64 owner, UInt64 timeout,
+                         BOOL* condition = nullptr) {
+  if (!rtl_sem_is_valid(sem, owner)) {
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (timeout <= 0) {
+    err_global_get() = kErrorTimeout;
+
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  if (!condition || *condition) {
+    if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
+      err_global_get() = kErrorUnavailable;
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
+    sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
+
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+
+  HardwareTimer timer(timeout);
+  BOOL          ret = timer.Wait();
+
+  if (ret) {
+    if (!condition || *condition) {
+      if (sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex] == 0) {
+        err_global_get() = kErrorUnavailable;
+        return FALSE;
+      }
+
+      err_global_get() = kErrorSuccess;
+      sem[kSemaphoreCountIndex]--;
+
+      return TRUE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  err_global_get() = kErrorTimeout;
+
+  return FALSE;  // Failed to acquire semaphore
+}
 }  // namespace Kernel
 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
index 1b8e4821..47ff526c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h
@@ -10,24 +10,24 @@
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 #include <NeKit/ErrorOr.h>
 
-///! @brief Thread Local Storage for neoskrnl.
+///! @brief Thread Local Storage for NeKernel.
 
-#define kCookieMag0Idx 0
-#define kCookieMag1Idx 1
-#define kCookieMag2Idx 2
+#define kCookieMag0Idx (0U)
+#define kCookieMag1Idx (1U)
+#define kCookieMag2Idx (2U)
 
-#define kCookieMag0 'Z'
+#define kCookieMag0 'N'
 #define kCookieMag1 'K'
-#define kCookieMag2 'A'
+#define kCookieMag2 'O'
 
-#define kTLSCookieLen (3U)
+#define kCookieMagLen (3U)
 
 struct THREAD_INFORMATION_BLOCK;
 
 /// @brief Thread Information Block.
 /// Located in GS on AMD64, other architectures have their own stuff. (64x0, 32x0, ARM64)
 struct PACKED THREAD_INFORMATION_BLOCK final {
-  Kernel::Char    Cookie[kTLSCookieLen]{0};  //! Thread Magic Number.
+  Kernel::Char    Cookie[kCookieMagLen]{0};  //! Thread Magic Number.
   Kernel::VoidPtr UserData{nullptr};  //! Thread Information Record (User defined canary structure)
 };
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
index 5bc5b8d2..3dae178a 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class USER_PROCESS final {
   };
 
   USER_PROCESS_SIGNAL         Signal;
-  PROCESS_FILE_TREE<UInt32*>* FileTree{nullptr};
+  PROCESS_FILE_TREE<VoidPtr>* FileTree{nullptr};
   PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* HeapTree{nullptr};
   UserProcessTeam*            ParentTeam;
 
@@ -93,7 +93,10 @@ class USER_PROCESS final {
   /***********************************************************************************/
   Void Crash();
 
-  Bool SpawnDylib();
+  /***********************************************************************************/
+  ///! @brief Spawns a dynamic library handle if dylib.
+  /***********************************************************************************/
+  Bool InitDylib();
 
   /***********************************************************************************/
   ///! @brief Exits the app.
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ class UserProcessScheduler final : public ISchedulable {
   NE_MOVE_DELETE(UserProcessScheduler)
 
  public:
-       operator bool();
+  operator bool();
   bool operator!();
 
  public:
diff --git a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl
index df35e037..0605a5e0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl
+++ b/dev/kernel/KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.inl
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 /***********************************************************************************/
-/** @brief Free pointer from usage. */
+/** @brief Free pointer/file from usage. */
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 template <typename T>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h
index 8988f828..0fc35134 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Crc32.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #define kCrcCnt (256)
 
 namespace Kernel {
-UInt32 ke_calculate_crc32(const Char* crc, Int32 len) noexcept;
+UInt32 ke_calculate_crc32(const VoidPtr crc, Int32 len) noexcept;
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
 #endif  // !CRC32_H
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
index b46ffaa8..e80e2e47 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Macros.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifndef kib_cast
-#define kib_cast(X) (Kernel::UInt64)((X) *1024)
+#define kib_cast(X) (Kernel::UInt64)((X) * 1024)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MIB
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h
index 674f9ff3..f5ff4b54 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/OwnPtr.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class OwnPtr final {
 
   Ref<T> AsRef() { return Ref<T>(fCls); }
 
-       operator bool() { return fCls; }
+  operator bool() { return fCls; }
   bool operator!() { return !fCls; }
 
  private:
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h
index 4d343bc5..46e94f88 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Ref.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class Ref final {
     return *this;
   }
 
-  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(Ref);
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(Ref)
 
  public:
   T operator->() const { return fClass; }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
index 43526fc8..11566008 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NeKit/Utils.h
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
   Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
@@ -29,6 +28,10 @@ Int         rt_to_lower(Int c);
 voidPtr     rt_string_in_string(const Char* in, const Char* needle);
 char*       rt_string_has_char(Char* str, Char chr);
 
+// Safe memory functions
+Int     rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size);
+voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size);
+
 /// UNICODE API
 
 Int  urt_string_cmp(const Char* src, const Char* cmp, Size len);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h b/dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h
index 0dd8a1f1..d14356c0 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h
+++ b/dev/kernel/NetworkKit/IPC.h
@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ enum {
 
 constexpr inline auto kIPCMsgSize = 6094U;
 
+enum {
+  kIPCLockInvalid,
+  kIPCLockFree = 1,
+  kIPCLockUsed = 2,
+};
+
 /// @brief IPC connection header, message cannot be greater than 6K.
 typedef struct IPC_MSG final {
   UInt32   IpcHeaderMagic;  // cRemoteHeaderMagic
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ typedef struct IPC_MSG final {
   UInt32   IpcMsg;
   UInt32   IpcMsgSz;
   UInt8    IpcData[kIPCMsgSize];
-
+  UInt32   IpcLock;
   /// @brief Passes the message to target, could be anything, HTTP packet, JSON or whatever.
   static Bool Pass(IPC_MSG* self, IPC_MSG* target) noexcept;
 } PACKED IPC_MSG;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make b/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
index c728b29c..f21efca4 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
+++ b/dev/kernel/amd64-ci.make
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ##################################################
 # (c) Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-# This is the neoskrnl's makefile.
+# This is the NeKernel's makefile.
 ##################################################
 
 CXX			= x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ error:
 	@echo "=== ERROR ==="
 	@echo "=> Use a specific target."
 
-MOVEALL=./MoveAll.X64.sh
+MOVEALL=./move-all-x64.sh
 WINDRES=x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres
 
 .PHONY: nekernel-amd64-epm
diff --git a/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make b/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
index 21488782..36b0f18e 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
+++ b/dev/kernel/amd64-desktop.make
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ##################################################
 # (c) Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-# This is the neoskrnl's makefile.
+# This is the NeKernel's makefile.
 ##################################################
 
 CXX			= x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ error:
 	@echo "=== ERROR ==="
 	@echo "=> Use a specific target."
 
-MOVEALL=./MoveAll.X64.sh
+MOVEALL=./move-all-x64.sh
 WINDRES=x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres
 
 .PHONY: nekernel-amd64-epm
diff --git a/dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make b/dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make
index 423391af..e83e1db8 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make
+++ b/dev/kernel/arm64-desktop.make
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ error:
 	@echo "=== ERROR ==="
 	@echo "=> Use a specific target."
 
-MOVEALL=./MoveAll.ARM64.sh
+MOVEALL=./move-all-aarch64.sh
 
 .PHONY: nekernel-arm64-epm
 nekernel-arm64-epm: clean
diff --git a/dev/kernel/MoveAll.ARM64.sh b/dev/kernel/move-all-aarch64.sh
index 35e0909e..35e0909e 100755
--- a/dev/kernel/MoveAll.ARM64.sh
+++ b/dev/kernel/move-all-aarch64.sh
diff --git a/dev/kernel/MoveAll.X64.sh b/dev/kernel/move-all-x64.sh
index 1c135d06..1c135d06 100755
--- a/dev/kernel/MoveAll.X64.sh
+++ b/dev/kernel/move-all-x64.sh
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc b/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
index 8cc11cad..01f30500 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/ACPIFactoryInterface.cc
@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@
 #include <modules/ACPI/ACPIFactoryInterface.h>
 
 namespace Kernel {
-constexpr STATIC const auto kMinACPIVer = 1;
+constexpr STATIC const auto kMinACPIVer = 1U;
 
 /// @brief Finds a descriptor table inside ACPI XSDT.
 ErrorOr<voidPtr> ACPIFactoryInterface::Find(const Char* signature) {
-  MUST_PASS(this->fRsdp);
-
+  if (this->fRsdp) return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
   if (!signature) return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-kErrorInvalidData};
   if (*signature == 0) return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-kErrorInvalidData};
 
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ ErrorOr<voidPtr> ACPIFactoryInterface::Find(const Char* signature) {
   if (num < 1) {
     /// stop here, we should have entries...
     ke_panic(RUNTIME_CHECK_ACPI);
-    return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-1};
+    return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-kErrorInvalidData};
   }
 
   this->fEntries = num;
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ ErrorOr<voidPtr> ACPIFactoryInterface::Find(const Char* signature) {
     }
   }
 
-  return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-1};
+  return ErrorOr<voidPtr>{-kErrorInvalidData};
 }
 
 /***
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
index bfc56aec..66a4aaef 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/AsciiUtils.cc
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-STATIC Int     rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size);
-STATIC voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size);
+Int     rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size);
+voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size);
 
 Int32 rt_string_cmp(const Char* src, const Char* cmp, Size size) {
   for (Size i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const Char* rt_alloc_string(const Char* src) {
   return buffer;
 }
 
-STATIC Int rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size) {
+Int rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size dst_size) {
   if (!src || !dst || len > dst_size) {
     if (dst && dst_size) {
       rt_set_memory_safe(dst, 0, dst_size, dst_size);
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ STATIC Int rt_copy_memory_safe(const voidPtr src, voidPtr dst, Size len, Size ds
   return static_cast<Int>(len);
 }
 
-STATIC voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size) {
+voidPtr rt_set_memory_safe(voidPtr dst, UInt32 value, Size len, Size dst_size) {
   if (!dst || len > dst_size) return nullptr;
   auto  p = reinterpret_cast<UInt8*>(dst);
   UInt8 v = static_cast<UInt8>(value & 0xFF);
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ Void rt_zero_memory(voidPtr pointer, Size len) {
 #ifdef __NE_ENFORCE_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
 [[deprecated("Use rt_set_memory_safe instead")]]
 #endif
-voidPtr
-rt_set_memory(voidPtr src, UInt32 value, Size len) {
+voidPtr rt_set_memory(voidPtr src, UInt32 value, Size len) {
   if (!src) return nullptr;
   auto  p = reinterpret_cast<UInt8*>(src);
   UInt8 v = static_cast<UInt8>(value & 0xFF);
@@ -156,26 +155,18 @@ Char* rt_string_has_char(Char* str, Char ch) {
   return (*str == ch) ? str : nullptr;
 }
 
-Int32 rt_strcmp(const Char* a, const Char* b) {
-  Size i = 0;
-  while (a[i] != '\0' && b[i] != '\0' && a[i] == b[i]) {
-    ++i;
-  }
-  return static_cast<Int32>(static_cast<UInt8>(a[i]) - static_cast<UInt8>(b[i]));
-}
-
-// @uses the deprecated version callers should ensure 'len' is valid.
-extern "C" void* memset(void* dst, int c, long long unsigned int len) {
-  return Kernel::rt_set_memory(dst, c, static_cast<Size>(len));
+EXTERN_C void* memset(void* dst, int c, long long unsigned int len) {
+  return Kernel::rt_set_memory_safe(dst, c, static_cast<Size>(len), static_cast<Size>(len));
 }
 
-extern "C" void* memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
-  Kernel::rt_copy_memory(const_cast<void*>(src), dst, static_cast<Size>(len));
+EXTERN_C void* memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, long long unsigned int len) {
+  Kernel::rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<void*>(src), dst, static_cast<Size>(len),
+                              static_cast<Size>(len));
   return dst;
 }
 
-extern "C" Kernel::Int32 strcmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
-  return Kernel::rt_strcmp(a, b);
+EXTERN_C Kernel::Int32 strcmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
+  return Kernel::rt_string_cmp(a, b, rt_string_len(a));
 }
 
 }  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc b/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
index bbf7a477..9bfb89d9 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/BinaryMutex.cc
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ namespace Kernel {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Unlocks the binary mutex.
 /***********************************************************************************/
+
 Bool BinaryMutex::Unlock() noexcept {
-  if (fLockingProcess.Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning) {
-    fLockingProcess        = USER_PROCESS();
-    fLockingProcess.Status = ProcessStatusKind::kFrozen;
+  if (fLockingProcess->Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning) {
+    fLockingProcess = nullptr;
 
     return Yes;
   }
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::Unlock() noexcept {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Locks process in the binary mutex.
 /***********************************************************************************/
-Bool BinaryMutex::Lock(USER_PROCESS& process) {
+
+Bool BinaryMutex::Lock(USER_PROCESS* process) {
   if (!process || this->IsLocked()) return No;
 
   this->fLockingProcess = process;
@@ -36,14 +37,16 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::Lock(USER_PROCESS& process) {
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Checks if process is locked.
 /***********************************************************************************/
+
 Bool BinaryMutex::IsLocked() const {
-  return this->fLockingProcess.Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning;
+  return this->fLockingProcess->Status == ProcessStatusKind::kRunning;
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @brief Try lock or wait.
 /***********************************************************************************/
-Bool BinaryMutex::LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS& process, TimerInterface* timer) {
+
+Bool BinaryMutex::LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS* process, TimerInterface* timer) {
   if (timer == nullptr) return No;
 
   this->Lock(process);
@@ -57,7 +60,8 @@ Bool BinaryMutex::LockOrWait(USER_PROCESS& process, TimerInterface* timer) {
 /// @brief Wait for process **sec** until we check if it's free.
 /// @param sec seconds.
 /***********************************************************************************/
-BOOL BinaryMutex::WaitForProcess(const Int16& sec) noexcept {
+
+BOOL BinaryMutex::WaitForProcess(const UInt32& sec) noexcept {
   HardwareTimer hw_timer(rtl_milliseconds(sec));
   hw_timer.Wait();
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
index df678d41..22737dbe 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/BitMapMgr.cc
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #define kBitMapSizeIdx (1U)
 #define kBitMapUsedIdx (2U)
 
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 namespace Kernel {
 namespace HAL {
   namespace Detail {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc
index fddcb095..46a1d940 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Crc32.cc
@@ -49,11 +49,13 @@ UInt32 kChecksumPolys[kCrcCnt] = {
 /// @param in the data to compute.
 /// @param len the length of the data.
 /// @return CRC32 of **in**.
-UInt32 ke_calculate_crc32(const Char* in, Int32 len) noexcept {
-  if (!in || *in == 0) return ~0;
+UInt32 ke_calculate_crc32(const VoidPtr inp, Int32 len) noexcept {
+  if (!inp) return ~0;
 
   UInt32 crc = 0xffffffff;
 
+  Char* in = static_cast<Char*>(inp);
+
   while ((len--) > 0) crc = (crc >> 8) ^ kChecksumPolys[(crc ^ *(in++)) & 0xFF];
 
   return ~crc;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc
index b7c181c8..9f107e97 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/DriveMgr.cc
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @file DriveMgr.cc
-/// @brief Drive Manager of kernel.
+/// @brief Drive Manager of NeKernel.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 namespace Kernel {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index 39f8c0a1..344369d5 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/HeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ namespace Detail {
   /// @param path the directory path.
   /// @return The hashed path.
   STATIC UInt64 hefsi_hash_64(const Utf8Char* path) {
+    if (!path || *path == 0) return 0;
+
     const UInt64 FNV_OFFSET_BASIS = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
     const UInt64 FNV_PRIME        = 0x100000001b3ULL;
 
@@ -798,11 +800,11 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* mnt, _Input c
     return NO;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   urt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) vol_name, boot->fVolName, urt_string_len(vol_name) + 1);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) kHeFSMagic, boot->fMagic, kHeFSMagicLen - 1);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kHeFSMagic, boot->fMagic, kHeFSMagicLen - 1, sizeof(boot->fMagic));
 
   if (mnt->fLbaStart > mnt->fLbaEnd) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
@@ -906,8 +908,8 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeDirectoryCtlManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt,
 
   HEFS_BOOT_NODE* boot = (HEFS_BOOT_NODE*) mm_alloc_ptr(sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE), Yes, No);
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
@@ -992,8 +994,8 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt, VoidPtr bloc
     return NO;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
@@ -1078,8 +1080,8 @@ _Output Bool HeFileSystemParser::INodeCtlManip(_Input DriveTrait* mnt, _Input co
     return NO;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/hefs-packet", mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/hefs-packet"), sizeof(mnt->fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketLba     = mnt->fLbaStart;
   mnt->fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(HEFS_BOOT_NODE);
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
index 18595e9f..7b9ebcd6 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FS/NeFS+FileSystemParser.cc
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ _Output BOOL NeFileSystemParser::CreateFork(_Input NEFS_FORK_STRUCT& the_fork) {
 /// @return the newly found fork.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 _Output NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindFork(_Input NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* catalog,
-                                                       _Input const Char* name,
-                                                       _Input Boolean     is_data) {
+                                                       _Input const Char*          name,
+                                                       _Input Boolean              is_data) {
   if (!catalog || !name) return nullptr;
 
   auto&            drive = kMountpoint.A();
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ _Output NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindFork(_Input NEFS_CATALOG_STRUC
     drive.fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(NEFS_FORK_STRUCT);
     drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&local_buf);
 
-    rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                   rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+    rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                        rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
     if (auto res = fs_ifs_read(&kMountpoint, drive, this->mDriveIndex); res) {
       switch (res) {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ _Output NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindFork(_Input NEFS_CATALOG_STRUC
     if (KStringBuilder::Equals(local_buf.ForkName, name) &&
         KStringBuilder::Equals(local_buf.CatalogName, catalog->Name)) {
       auto result = new NEFS_FORK_STRUCT();
-      rt_copy_memory(&local_buf, result, sizeof(NEFS_FORK_STRUCT));
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(&local_buf, result, sizeof(NEFS_FORK_STRUCT), sizeof(NEFS_FORK_STRUCT));
       return result;
     }
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
 /// @param kind the catalog kind.
 /// @return catalog pointer.
 /***********************************************************************************/
-_Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char* name,
+_Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char*  name,
                                                                _Input const Int32& flags,
                                                                _Input const Int32& kind) {
   kout << "CreateCatalog(*...*)\r";
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
   }
 
   Char* parent_name = (Char*) mm_alloc_ptr(nameLen + 1, Yes, No);
-  rt_copy_memory(const_cast<Char*>(name), parent_name, nameLen + 1);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<Char*>(name), parent_name, nameLen + 1, nameLen + 1);
 
   if (nameLen < 2) {
     mm_free_ptr(parent_name);
@@ -312,13 +312,14 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
   --i;
   if (kind == kNeFSCatalogKindDir) --i;
   while (name[i] != '/') --i;
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) (name + i), (VoidPtr) child_catalog->Name, rt_string_len(name) - i);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) (name + i), (VoidPtr) child_catalog->Name, rt_string_len(name) - i,
+                      kNeFSCatalogNameLen);
 
   NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT temporary_catalog{};
   Lba                 start_free = out_lba;
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   Char buf_part_block[sizeof(NEFS_ROOT_PARTITION_BLOCK)] = {0};
   drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(buf_part_block);
@@ -380,13 +381,15 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::CreateCatalog(_Input const Char
 
       delete catalog;
       NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* found_catalog = new NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT();
-      rt_copy_memory(&temporary_catalog, found_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(&temporary_catalog, found_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT),
+                          sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
 
       delete child_catalog;
       return found_catalog;
     } else if ((temporary_catalog.Flags & kNeFSFlagCreated) &&
                KStringBuilder::Equals(temporary_catalog.Name, name)) {
-      rt_copy_memory(&temporary_catalog, child_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(&temporary_catalog, child_catalog, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT),
+                          sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
       delete catalog;
       return child_catalog;
     }
@@ -411,8 +414,8 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* drive, _Input const I
 
   // verify disk.
   drive->fVerify(drive->fPacket);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive->fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive->fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive->fPacket.fPacketMime));
   if (!drive->fPacket.fPacketGood) {
     err_global_get() = kErrorDiskIsCorrupted;
     return false;
@@ -430,9 +433,10 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::Format(_Input _Output DriveTrait* drive, _Input const I
   if (rt_string_cmp(kNeFSIdent, part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen) == 0) return true;
 
   const auto kNeFSUntitledHD = part_name;
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) kNeFSIdent, (VoidPtr) part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) kNeFSUntitledHD, (VoidPtr) part_block->PartitionName,
-                 rt_string_len(kNeFSUntitledHD));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kNeFSIdent, (VoidPtr) part_block->Ident, kNeFSIdentLen,
+                      sizeof(part_block->Ident));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) kNeFSUntitledHD, (VoidPtr) part_block->PartitionName,
+                      rt_string_len(kNeFSUntitledHD), sizeof(part_block->PartitionName));
 
   SizeT sectorCount    = drv_std_get_sector_count();
   SizeT sectorSize     = drive->fSectorSz;
@@ -513,9 +517,9 @@ bool NeFileSystemParser::WriteCatalog(_Input const Char* catalog_name, Bool is_r
 
   auto buf = new UInt8[size_of_data];
   rt_set_memory(buf, 0, size_of_data);
-  rt_copy_memory(data, buf, size_of_data);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe(data, buf, size_of_data, size_of_data);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* fork_data_input = new NEFS_FORK_STRUCT();
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT  prev_fork{};
@@ -577,8 +581,8 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
   NEFS_ROOT_PARTITION_BLOCK part{};
   auto&                     drive = kMountpoint.A();
 
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
   drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&part);
   drive.fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(NEFS_ROOT_PARTITION_BLOCK);
   drive.fPacket.fPacketLba     = kNeFSRootCatalogStartAddress;
@@ -607,7 +611,8 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
           return nullptr;
         }
         NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* catalog_ptr = new NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT();
-        rt_copy_memory(&tmp, catalog_ptr, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
+        rt_copy_memory_safe(&tmp, catalog_ptr, sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT),
+                            sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT));
         out_lba = cursor;
         return catalog_ptr;
       }
@@ -619,7 +624,8 @@ _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* NeFileSystemParser::FindCatalog(_Input const Char*
   if (!KStringBuilder::Equals(catalog_name, NeFileSystemHelper::Root()) && local_search) {
     Char  parent_name[kNeFSCatalogNameLen] = {0};
     SizeT nameLen                          = rt_string_len(catalog_name);
-    rt_copy_memory(const_cast<Char*>(catalog_name), parent_name, nameLen + 1);
+    rt_copy_memory_safe(const_cast<Char*>(catalog_name), parent_name, nameLen + 1,
+                        kNeFSCatalogNameLen);
 
     SizeT indexReverseCopy = nameLen - 1;
     if (parent_name[indexReverseCopy] == NeFileSystemHelper::Separator()) {
@@ -727,8 +733,8 @@ _Output Boolean NeFileSystemParser::RemoveCatalog(_Input const Char* catalog_nam
     catalog->Flags &= (~kNeFSFlagCreated);
     catalog->Flags |= kNeFSFlagDeleted;
 
-    rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                   rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+    rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                        rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
     drive.fPacket.fPacketLba     = out_lba;
     drive.fPacket.fPacketSize    = sizeof(NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT);
     drive.fPacket.fPacketContent = reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(catalog);
@@ -795,8 +801,8 @@ VoidPtr NeFileSystemParser::ReadCatalog(_Input _Output NEFS_CATALOG_STRUCT* cata
   }
 
   auto* fs_buf = new NEFS_FORK_STRUCT();
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
-                 rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) "fs/nefs-packet", drive.fPacket.fPacketMime,
+                      rt_string_len("fs/nefs-packet"), sizeof(drive.fPacket.fPacketMime));
 
   NEFS_FORK_STRUCT* fs_fork_data = nullptr;
   while (dataForkLba >= kNeFSCatalogStartAddress) {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc
index e000965f..faed9ae1 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/FileMgr.cc
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @file FileMgr.cc
 //! @brief File System Manager API.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 namespace Kernel {
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc b/dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc
index d1d4eeca..a24fba72 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/IPEFDylibObject.cc
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ using namespace Kernel;
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @file IPEFDylibObject.cc
 /// @brief PEF's Dylib runtime.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc b/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
index 1d2a1ce8..251d6645 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/IndexableProperty.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <FSKit/IndexableProperty.h>
+#include <NeKit/KString.h>
+#include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/MutableArray.h>
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
@@ -16,13 +18,21 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 namespace Indexer {
-  Index& IndexableProperty::Leak() noexcept { return fIndex; }
+  Index& IndexableProperty::Leak() noexcept {
+    return fIndex;
+  }
 
-  Void IndexableProperty::AddFlag(Int16 flag) { fFlags |= flag; }
+  Void IndexableProperty::AddFlag(Int16 flag) {
+    fFlags |= flag;
+  }
 
-  Void IndexableProperty::RemoveFlag(Int16 flag) { fFlags &= flag; }
+  Void IndexableProperty::RemoveFlag(Int16 flag) {
+    fFlags &= flag;
+  }
 
-  Int16 IndexableProperty::HasFlag(Int16 flag) { return fFlags & flag; }
+  Int16 IndexableProperty::HasFlag(Int16 flag) {
+    return fFlags & flag;
+  }
 
   /// @brief Index a file into the indexer instance.
   /// @param filename filesystem path to access.
@@ -32,7 +42,8 @@ namespace Indexer {
   Void fs_index_file(const Char* filename, SizeT filenameLen, IndexableProperty& indexer) {
     if (!indexer.HasFlag(kIndexerClaimed)) {
       indexer.AddFlag(kIndexerClaimed);
-      rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) indexer.Leak().Path, (VoidPtr) filename, filenameLen);
+      rt_copy_memory_safe(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(filename)),
+                          (VoidPtr) indexer.Leak().Path, filenameLen, kIndexerCatalogNameLength);
 
       (Void)(kout << "FSKit: Indexed new file: " << filename << kendl);
     }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
index b341af8f..ec7d8a35 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPAddr.cc
@@ -88,19 +88,23 @@ ErrorOr<KString> IPFactory::ToKString(Ref<RawIPAddress>& ipv4) {
 bool IPFactory::IpCheckVersion4(const Char* ip) {
   if (!ip) return NO;
 
-  Int32 cnter = 0;
+  Int32 cnter     = 0;
+  Int32 dot_cnter = 0;
 
   for (SizeT base = 0; base < rt_string_len(ip); ++base) {
     if (ip[base] == '.') {
       cnter = 0;
+      ++dot_cnter;
     } else {
-      if (!rt_is_alnum(ip[base])) return false;
-      if (cnter == 3) return false;
+      if (!rt_is_alnum(ip[base])) return NO;
+      if (cnter == 3) return NO;
 
       ++cnter;
     }
   }
 
-  return true;
+  if (dot_cnter != 3) return NO;
+
+  return YES;
 }
 }  // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
index cff19cfa..9abefcef 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Network/IPCMsg.cc
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ Bool ipc_construct_packet(_Output IPC_MSG** pckt_in) {
     (*pckt_in)->IpcFrom.UserProcessID   = 0;
     (*pckt_in)->IpcFrom.UserProcessTeam = 0;
 
+    (*pckt_in)->IpcLock = kIPCLockFree;
+
     return Yes;
   }
 
@@ -103,7 +105,19 @@ Bool IPC_MSG::Pass(IPC_MSG* src, IPC_MSG* target) noexcept {
     if (src->IpcMsgSz > target->IpcMsgSz) return No;
     if (target->IpcMsgSz > src->IpcMsgSz) return No;
 
-    rt_copy_memory(src->IpcData, target->IpcData, src->IpcMsgSz);
+    UInt32 timeout = 0U;
+
+    while ((target->IpcLock % kIPCLockUsed) != 0) {
+      if (timeout > 100000U) {
+        return No;
+      }
+    }
+
+    ++target->IpcLock;
+
+    rt_copy_memory_safe(src->IpcData, target->IpcData, src->IpcMsgSz, kIPCMsgSize);
+
+    --target->IpcLock;
 
     return Yes;
   }
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
index ed72473f..c0caeb5b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PEFCodeMgr.cc
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 /* -------------------------------------------
 
   Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss & NeKernel contributors, all rights reserved.
 
 ------------------------------------------- */
 
+#include <ArchKit/ArchKit.h>
 #include <KernelKit/DebugOutput.h>
 #include <KernelKit/HeapMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/PEFCodeMgr.h>
@@ -12,6 +14,11 @@
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
 #include <NeKit/OwnPtr.h>
+#include <NeKit/Utils.h>
+
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+/// @brief PEF backend for the Code Manager.
+/// @file PEFCodeMgr.cc
 
 /// @brief PEF stack size symbol.
 #define kPefStackSizeSymbol "__PEFSizeOfReserveStack"
@@ -23,7 +30,7 @@ namespace Detail {
   /***********************************************************************************/
   /// @brief Get the PEF platform signature according to the compiled architecture.
   /***********************************************************************************/
-  UInt32 ldr_get_platform(void) noexcept {
+  static UInt32 ldr_get_platform(void) noexcept {
 #if defined(__NE_32X0__)
     return kPefArch32x0;
 #elif defined(__NE_64X0__)
@@ -57,30 +64,34 @@ PEFLoader::PEFLoader(const Char* path) : fCachedBlob(nullptr), fFatBinary(false)
   fFile.New(const_cast<Char*>(path), kRestrictRB);
   fPath = KStringBuilder::Construct(path).Leak();
 
-  auto kPefHeader = "PEF_CONTAINER";
+  constexpr auto kPefHeader = "PEF_CONTAINER";
 
-  fCachedBlob = fFile->Read(kPefHeader, mib_cast(16));
+  /// @note zero here means that the FileMgr will read every container header inside the file.
+  fCachedBlob = fFile->Read(kPefHeader, 0UL);
 
   PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
 
-  if (container->Cpu == Detail::ldr_get_platform() && container->Magic[0] == kPefMagic[0] &&
-      container->Magic[1] == kPefMagic[1] && container->Magic[2] == kPefMagic[2] &&
-      container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[4] &&
-      container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
-    return;
-  } else if (container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[0] && container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[1] &&
-             container->Magic[2] == kPefMagic[2] && container->Magic[1] == kPefMagic[3] &&
-             container->Magic[0] == kPefMagic[4] && container->Abi == kPefAbi) {
-    /// This is a fat binary.
-    this->fFatBinary = true;
-    return;
+  if (container->Abi == kPefAbi &&
+      container->Count >=
+          3) { /* if same ABI, AND: .text, .bss, .data (or at least similar) exists */
+    if (container->Cpu == Detail::ldr_get_platform() && container->Magic[0] == kPefMagic[0] &&
+        container->Magic[1] == kPefMagic[1] && container->Magic[2] == kPefMagic[2] &&
+        container->Magic[3] == kPefMagic[3] && container->Magic[4] == kPefMagic[4]) {
+      return;
+    } else if (container->Magic[0] == kPefMagicFat[0] && container->Magic[1] == kPefMagicFat[1] &&
+               container->Magic[2] == kPefMagicFat[2] && container->Magic[3] == kPefMagicFat[3] &&
+               container->Magic[4] == kPefMagicFat[4]) {
+      /// This is a fat binary, treat it as such.
+      this->fFatBinary = true;
+      return;
+    }
   }
 
   fBad = true;
 
   if (fCachedBlob) mm_free_ptr(fCachedBlob);
 
-  kout << "PEFLoader: Warning: Executable format error!\r";
+  kout << "PEFLoader: warning: exec format error!\r";
 
   fCachedBlob = nullptr;
 }
@@ -102,14 +113,26 @@ PEFLoader::~PEFLoader() {
 ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
   if (!fCachedBlob || fBad || !name) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
 
+  auto blob = fFile->Read(name, sizeof(PEFCommandHeader));
+
+  if (!blob) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+
   PEFContainer* container = reinterpret_cast<PEFContainer*>(fCachedBlob);
 
-  auto blob = fFile->Read(name, sizeof(PEFCommandHeader));
+  if (!container) return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+
+  PEFCommandHeader* command_header = reinterpret_cast<PEFCommandHeader*>(blob);
 
-  PEFCommandHeader* container_header = reinterpret_cast<PEFCommandHeader*>(blob);
+  if (command_header->VMSize < 1 || command_header->VMAddress == 0)
+    return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
 
-  constexpr auto kMangleCharacter  = '$';
-  const Char*    kContainerKinds[] = {".code64", ".data64", ".zero64", nullptr};
+  /// fat binary check.
+  if (command_header->Cpu != container->Cpu && !this->fFatBinary) {
+    return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
+  }
+
+  const auto  kMangleCharacter  = '$';
+  const Char* kContainerKinds[] = {".code64", ".data64", ".zero64", nullptr};
 
   ErrorOr<KString> error_or_symbol;
 
@@ -128,8 +151,8 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
     }
     default:
       return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
-      ;  // prevent that from the kernel's mode perspective, let that happen if it
-         // were a user process.
+      // prevent that from the kernel's mode perspective, let that happen if it
+      // were a user process.
   }
 
   Char* unconst_symbol = const_cast<Char*>(name);
@@ -142,35 +165,50 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> PEFLoader::FindSymbol(const Char* name, Int32 kind) {
 
   error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak() += name;
 
-  for (SizeT index = 0; index < container->Count; ++index) {
-    if (KStringBuilder::Equals(container_header->Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
-      if (container_header->Kind == kind) {
-        if (container_header->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
-          if (!this->fFatBinary) {
-            mm_free_ptr(blob);
-            return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
-          }
+  if (KStringBuilder::Equals(command_header->Name, error_or_symbol.Leak().Leak().CData())) {
+    if (command_header->Kind == kind) {
+      if (command_header->Cpu != Detail::ldr_get_platform()) {
+        if (!this->fFatBinary) {
+          mm_free_ptr(blob);
+          blob = nullptr;
+
+          return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
         }
+      }
+
+      Char* container_blob_value = new Char[command_header->VMSize];
+
+      rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)), container_blob_value,
+                          command_header->VMSize, command_header->VMSize);
 
-        Char* container_blob_value = new Char[container_header->Size];
+      mm_free_ptr(blob);
 
-        rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) ((Char*) blob + sizeof(PEFCommandHeader)), container_blob_value,
-                       container_header->Size);
-        mm_free_ptr(blob);
+      kout << "PEFLoader: info: Loaded stub: " << command_header->Name << "!\r";
 
-        kout << "PEFLoader: Information: Loaded stub: " << container_header->Name << "!\r";
+      Int32 ret         = 0;
+      SizeT pages_count = (command_header->VMSize + kPageSize - 1) / kPageSize;
 
-        auto ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) container_header->VMAddress,
-                                    (VoidPtr) HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value),
-                                    HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
+      for (SizeT i_vm{}; i_vm < pages_count; ++i_vm) {
+        ret = HAL::mm_map_page(
+            (VoidPtr) (command_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
+            (VoidPtr) (HAL::mm_get_page_addr(container_blob_value) + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
+            HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
 
         if (ret != kErrorSuccess) {
-          mm_free_ptr(container_blob_value);
+          /// We set the VMAddress to nullptr, if the mapping fail here.
+          for (SizeT i_vm_unmap{}; i_vm_unmap < i_vm; ++i_vm_unmap) {
+            ret = HAL::mm_map_page((VoidPtr) (command_header->VMAddress + (i_vm * kPageSize)),
+                                   nullptr, HAL::kMMFlagsPresent | HAL::kMMFlagsUser);
+          }
+
+          delete[] container_blob_value;
+          container_blob_value = nullptr;
+
           return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{kErrorInvalidData};
         }
-
-        return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{container_blob_value};
       }
+
+      return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{container_blob_value};
     }
   }
 
@@ -198,17 +236,17 @@ const Char* PEFLoader::Path() {
 
 const Char* PEFLoader::AsString() {
 #ifdef __32x0__
-  return "32x0 PEF.";
+  return "32x0 PEF";
 #elif defined(__64x0__)
-  return "64x0 PEF.";
+  return "64x0 PEF";
 #elif defined(__x86_64__)
-  return "x86_64 PEF.";
+  return "x86_64 PEF";
 #elif defined(__aarch64__)
-  return "AARCH64 PEF.";
+  return "AARCH64 PEF";
 #elif defined(__powerpc64__)
-  return "POWER64 PEF.";
+  return "POWER64 PEF";
 #else
-  return "???? PEF.";
+  return "???? PEF";
 #endif  // __32x0__ || __64x0__ || __x86_64__ || __powerpc64__
 }
 
@@ -232,7 +270,7 @@ namespace Utils {
       symname = ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{(VoidPtr) rt_alloc_string("USER_PROCESS")};
     }
 
-    auto id =
+    ProcessID id =
         UserProcessScheduler::The().Spawn(reinterpret_cast<const Char*>(symname.Leak().Leak()),
                                           errOrStart.Leak().Leak(), exec.GetBlob().Leak().Leak());
 
@@ -241,7 +279,7 @@ namespace Utils {
     if (id != kSchedInvalidPID) {
       auto stacksym = exec.FindSymbol(kPefStackSizeSymbol, kPefData);
 
-      if (!symname) {
+      if (!stacksym) {
         stacksym = ErrorOr<VoidPtr>{(VoidPtr) new UIntPtr(kSchedMaxStackSz)};
       }
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc
index e78f4908..2aa2a79c 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/PageMgr.cc
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Bool PTEWrapper::Reclaim() {
 }
 
 /// @brief Request a PTE.
-/// @param Rw r/w?
+/// @param Rw Is it read write? or is it read only?
 /// @param User user mode?
 /// @param ExecDisable disable execution on page?
 /// @return
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Semaphore.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Semaphore.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acbbb57f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Semaphore.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <KernelKit/Semaphore.h>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc b/dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc
index 535bec9e..52087931 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/SoftwareTimer.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <KernelKit/Timer.h>
 
 /// @brief SoftwareTimer class, meant to be generic.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 
 using namespace Kernel;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc b/dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc
index 03a71f1a..f54eeaab 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/ThreadLocalStorage.cc
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 /// @bugs: 0
 /// @file ThreadLocalStorage.cc
 /// @brief NeKernel Thread Local Storage.
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 using namespace Kernel;
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc b/dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc
index 826be99a..6539f1a9 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/Timer.cc
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 ///! BUGS: 0
 ///! @file Timer.cc
 ///! @brief Software Timer implementation
+///! @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 
 using namespace Kernel;
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
index 8eade85e..8e4ba540 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserMgr.cc
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@
 #include <KernelKit/FileMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/HeapMgr.h>
 #include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
+#include <KernelKit/ThreadLocalStorage.h>
 #include <KernelKit/UserMgr.h>
+#include <NeKit/KString.h>
 #include <NeKit/KernelPanic.h>
+#include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
 #define kStdUserType (0xEE)
 #define kSuperUserType (0xEF)
@@ -30,8 +33,8 @@ namespace Detail {
   /// \return the hashed password
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   STATIC UInt64 user_fnv_generator(const Char* password, User* user) {
-    if (!password || !user) return 1;
-    if (*password == 0) return 1;
+    if (!password || !user) return 0;
+    if (*password == 0) return 0;
 
     kout << "user_fnv_generator: Hashing user password...\r";
 
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ namespace Detail {
 
     kout << "user_fnv_generator: Hashed user password.\r";
 
-    return 0;
+    return hash;
   }
 }  // namespace Detail
 
@@ -56,14 +59,16 @@ namespace Detail {
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 User::User(const Int32& sel, const Char* user_name) : mUserRing((UserRingKind) sel) {
   MUST_PASS(sel >= 0);
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name),
+                      kMaxUserNameLen);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /// @brief User ring constructor.
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 User::User(const UserRingKind& ring_kind, const Char* user_name) : mUserRing(ring_kind) {
-  rt_copy_memory((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name));
+  rt_copy_memory_safe((VoidPtr) user_name, this->mUserName, rt_string_len(user_name),
+                      kMaxUserNameLen);
 }
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
index eff53745..45957c7b 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessScheduler.cc
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <KernelKit/KPC.h>
 #include <KernelKit/ProcessScheduler.h>
 #include <NeKit/KString.h>
+#include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 #include <SignalKit/Signals.h>
 
 ///! BUGS: 0
@@ -39,8 +40,9 @@ USER_PROCESS::~USER_PROCESS() = default;
 Void USER_PROCESS::Crash() {
   if (this->Status != ProcessStatusKind::kRunning) return;
 
+  this->Status = ProcessStatusKind::kKilled;
+
   (Void)(kout << this->Name << ": crashed, error id: " << number(-kErrorProcessFault) << kendl);
-  this->Exit(-kErrorProcessFault);
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
@@ -83,7 +85,8 @@ Void USER_PROCESS::Wake(Bool should_wakeup) {
 /** @param tree The tree to calibrate */
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-STATIC PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree(PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* tree) {
+template <typename T>
+STATIC T* sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree(T* tree) {
   if (!tree) {
     return nullptr;
   }
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ STATIC PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* sched_try_go_upper_ptr_tree(PROCESS_HEAP_TREE
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
-/** @brief Allocate pointer to heap tree. */
+/** @brief Allocate pointer to heap/file tree. */
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 ErrorOr<VoidPtr> USER_PROCESS::New(SizeT sz, SizeT pad_amount) {
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ ErrorOr<VoidPtr> USER_PROCESS::New(SizeT sz, SizeT pad_amount) {
 
   hal_write_cr3(vm_register);
 #else
-  auto ptr           = mm_alloc_ptr(sz, Yes, Yes, pad_amount);
+  auto ptr = mm_alloc_ptr(sz, Yes, Yes, pad_amount);
 #endif
 
   if (!this->HeapTree) {
@@ -231,23 +234,24 @@ const AffinityKind& USER_PROCESS::GetAffinity() noexcept {
 /** @brief Free heap tree. */
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-STATIC Void sched_free_ptr_tree(PROCESS_HEAP_TREE<VoidPtr>* memory_ptr_list) {
+template <typename T>
+STATIC Void sched_free_ptr_tree(T* tree) {
   // Deleting memory lists. Make sure to free all of them.
-  while (memory_ptr_list) {
-    if (memory_ptr_list->Entry) {
-      MUST_PASS(mm_free_ptr(memory_ptr_list->Entry));
+  while (tree) {
+    if (tree->Entry) {
+      MUST_PASS(mm_free_ptr(tree->Entry));
     }
 
-    auto next = memory_ptr_list->Next;
+    auto next = tree->Next;
 
     if (next->Child) sched_free_ptr_tree(next->Child);
 
-    memory_ptr_list->Child = nullptr;
+    tree->Child = nullptr;
 
-    mm_free_ptr(memory_ptr_list);
+    mm_free_ptr(tree);
 
-    memory_ptr_list = nullptr;
-    memory_ptr_list = next;
+    tree = nullptr;
+    tree = next;
   }
 }
 
@@ -271,6 +275,9 @@ Void USER_PROCESS::Exit(const Int32& exit_code) {
   sched_free_ptr_tree(this->HeapTree);
   this->HeapTree = nullptr;
 
+  sched_free_ptr_tree(this->FileTree);
+  this->FileTree = nullptr;
+
 #ifdef __NE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_SUPPORT__
   hal_write_cr3(pd);
 #endif
@@ -314,10 +321,10 @@ Void USER_PROCESS::Exit(const Int32& exit_code) {
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************************/
-/// @brief Add dylib to process.
+/// @brief Add dylib to the process object.
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
-Bool USER_PROCESS::SpawnDylib() {
+Bool USER_PROCESS::InitDylib() {
   // React according to the process's kind.
   switch (this->Kind) {
     case USER_PROCESS::kExecutableDylibKind: {
@@ -340,7 +347,6 @@ Bool USER_PROCESS::SpawnDylib() {
 
   (Void)(kout << "Unknown process kind: " << hex_number(this->Kind) << kendl);
   this->Crash();
-  return NO;
 
   return NO;
 }
@@ -379,7 +385,8 @@ ProcessID UserProcessScheduler::Spawn(const Char* name, VoidPtr code, VoidPtr im
     return -kErrorProcessFault;
   }
 
-  rt_copy_memory(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(name)), process.Name, len);
+  rt_copy_memory_safe(reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(name)), process.Name, len,
+                      kSchedNameLen);
 
 #ifdef __NE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_SUPPORT__
   process.VMRegister = kKernelVM;
@@ -419,6 +426,17 @@ ProcessID UserProcessScheduler::Spawn(const Char* name, VoidPtr code, VoidPtr im
   process.PTime     = 0;
   process.RTime     = 0;
 
+  if (!process.FileTree) {
+    process.FileTree = new PROCESS_FILE_TREE<VoidPtr>();
+
+    if (!process.FileTree) {
+      process.Crash();
+      return ErrorOr<VoidPtr>(-kErrorHeapOutOfMemory);
+    }
+
+    /// @todo File Tree allocation and dispose methods (amlal)
+  }
+
   (Void)(kout << "PID: " << number(process.ProcessId) << kendl);
   (Void)(kout << "Name: " << process.Name << kendl);
 
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
index dd21ac49..73ba7285 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UserProcessTeam.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 /***********************************************************************************/
 /// @file UserProcessTeam.cc
 /// @brief Process teams implementation.
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
 /***********************************************************************************/
 
 #include <KernelKit/UserProcessScheduler.h>
diff --git a/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc b/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
index ae17aed7..a5c03b85 100644
--- a/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
+++ b/dev/kernel/src/UtfUtils.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include <NeKit/Utils.h>
 
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss (amlal@nekernel.org)
+
 namespace Kernel {
 Size urt_string_len(const Utf8Char* str) {
   SizeT len{0};
diff --git a/dev/generic_kits/.keep b/dev/libMsg/.keep
index e69de29b..e69de29b 100644
--- a/dev/generic_kits/.keep
+++ b/dev/libMsg/.keep
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7dd56877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Network.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4fa73ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libMsg/MsgKit/Server.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <public/frameworks/CoreFoundation.fwrk/headers/String.h>
+#else
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+#endif
+
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief libMsg LISP system.
+
+struct LIBMSG_EXPR;
+
+/// @brief an expression chain of LibMSG.
+struct LIBMSG_EXPR final {
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+  CF::CFString* l_key{nullptr};
+  CF::CFString* l_value{nullptr};
+#else
+  VoidPtr l_key{nullptr};
+  VoidPtr l_value{nullptr};
+#endif
+
+  LIBMSG_EXPR* l_head{nullptr};
+  LIBMSG_EXPR* l_tail{nullptr};
+  LIBMSG_EXPR* l_child{nullptr};
+};
+
+/// @brief Function type for LibMSG lisp.
+typedef Void (*libmsg_func_t)(LIBMSG_EXPR* self, VoidPtr arg, SizeT arg_size);
+
+IMPORT_C Void   libmsg_init_library(libmsg_func_t* funcs, SizeT cnt);
+IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_close_library(Void);
+IMPORT_C UInt32 libmsg_eval_expr(struct LIBMSG_EXPR* head);
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/.keep b/dev/libMsg/obj/.keep
index e69de29b..e69de29b 100644
--- a/dev/open_msg/.keep
+++ b/dev/libMsg/obj/.keep
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/script/window_client.json b/dev/libMsg/script/window_client.json
index 4c8a21ba..4c8a21ba 100644
--- a/dev/open_msg/script/window_client.json
+++ b/dev/libMsg/script/window_client.json
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/obj/.keep b/dev/libMsg/src/.keep
index e69de29b..e69de29b 100644
--- a/dev/open_msg/obj/.keep
+++ b/dev/libMsg/src/.keep
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
index 998173f9..c23942c5 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Jail.h
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
 
 /// @file Jail.h
-/// @brief NeKernel Jail System
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief NeKernel Jail System, part of OpenEnclave.
 
 struct JAIL_INFO;
 struct JAIL;
@@ -19,4 +20,17 @@ struct JAIL_INFO {
   SInt32 fParentID;
   SInt32 fJailHash;
   SInt64 fACL;
-};
-\ No newline at end of file
+};
+
+/// @brief Jail information (we grab a JAIL from JailGetCurrent())
+struct JAIL {
+  struct JAIL_INFO* fServer;
+  struct JAIL_INFO* fClient;
+  SInt32            fJailHash;
+  SInt32            fParentID;
+  SInt64            fACL;
+};
+
+/// @brief Get the current jail
+/// @return Pointer to the current jail structure, or NULL if not in a jail
+IMPORT_C struct JAIL* JailGetCurrent(Void);
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
index 2bdeff9d..25bc77ba 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ typedef nullPtr           NullPtr;
 #endif
 
 #ifndef kib_cast
-#define kib_cast(X) (UInt64)((X) *1024)
+#define kib_cast(X) (UInt64)((X) * 1024)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MIB
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
index 436665ae..a1505b46 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h
@@ -9,11 +9,27 @@
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
 #include <cstdarg>
 
-#ifndef SYSCALL_HASH
-#define SYSCALL_HASH(str) (UInt64) str
-#endif  // !SYSCALL_HASH
-
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_1(SizeT id);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_2(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_3(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1, VoidPtr arg3);
 IMPORT_C VoidPtr libsys_syscall_arg_4(SizeT id, VoidPtr arg1, VoidPtr arg3, VoidPtr arg4);
+
+inline UInt64 libsys_hash_64(const Char* path) {
+  if (!path || *path == 0) return 0;
+
+  const UInt64 FNV_OFFSET_BASIS = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
+  const UInt64 FNV_PRIME        = 0x100000001b3ULL;
+
+  UInt64 hash = FNV_OFFSET_BASIS;
+
+  while (*path) {
+    hash ^= (Char) (*path++);
+    hash *= FNV_PRIME;
+  }
+
+  return hash;
+}
+
+#ifndef SYSCALL_HASH
+#define SYSCALL_HASH(str) libsys_hash_64(str)
+#endif  // !SYSCALL_HASH
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h
index 421868ae..f46fe523 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h
+++ b/dev/libSystem/SystemKit/System.h
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ Purpose: System Call Interface.
 
 #include <libSystem/SystemKit/Macros.h>
 
+/// @brief TTY device path.
+#define kPrintDevicePath "/devices/tty{}"
+#define kCDDevicePath "/devices/dvd{}"
+
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ //
 /// @brief Types API.
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ //
@@ -309,8 +313,6 @@ IMPORT_C SInt32 PwrSendCode(_Output SInt32& code);
 // CD-ROM API.
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ //
 
-#define kCDDevicePath "/devices/dvd{}"
-
 IMPORT_C IORef CdOpenTray(Void);
 
 IMPORT_C SInt32 CdEjectDrive(_Input IORef cdrom);
@@ -321,8 +323,6 @@ IMPORT_C SInt32 CdCloseTray(Void);
 // TTY API.
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ //
 
-#define kPrintDevicePath "/devices/tty{}"
-
 IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(IORef file /* nullptr to direct to stdout */, const Char* fmt, ...);
 
 IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintIn(IORef file /* nullptr to direct to stdout */, const Char* fmt, ...);
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md b/dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md
index b4b11c8c..89f61498 100644
--- a/dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md
+++ b/dev/libSystem/docs/SPECIFICATION_SYSCALLS.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ===================================
 
 - **Programming Language**: C / C++
-- **Build System**: Make / BTB (Build the Build)
+- **Build System**: Make / NeBuild 
 - **Purpose**: System Call Interface (SCI) for NeKernel
 
 ===================================
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3870ff18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/libSystem/src/System.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/* -------------------------------------------
+
+  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
+
+------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Err.h>
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h>
+#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
+
+namespace Detail {
+template <typename T>
+static VoidPtr safe_void_cast(const T* ptr) {
+  _rtl_assert(ptr, "safe void cast failed!");
+  return static_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<T*>(ptr));
+}
+}  // namespace Detail
+
+IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {
+  if (!expr) {
+    PrintOut(nullptr, "Assertion failed: %s\r", origin);
+    libsys_syscall_arg_1(SYSCALL_HASH("_rtl_debug_break"));
+  }
+}
+
+// memmove-style copy
+IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {
+  // handles overlap, prefers 64-bit word copies when aligned
+  if (!len || !dest || !src) return nullptr;
+
+  auto s = static_cast<const UInt8*>(src);
+  auto d = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
+
+  if (d == s) return dest;
+
+  // decide direction
+  if (d > s && d < s + len) {
+    const UInt8* rs = s + len;
+    UInt8*       rd = d + len;
+
+    // try 64-bit aligned backward copy
+    if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rs) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&
+        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(rd) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {
+      auto  rsw   = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(rs);
+      auto  rdw   = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(rd);
+      SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+        rdw[-1 - static_cast<SizeT>(i)] = rsw[-1 - static_cast<SizeT>(i)];
+      }
+
+      SizeT rem = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+        rd[-1 - i] = rs[-1 - i];
+      }
+    } else {
+      // byte-wise backward
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        rd[-1 - i] = rs[-1 - i];
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // try 64-bit aligned forward copy
+    if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(s) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0) &&
+        (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(d) % sizeof(UInt64) == 0)) {
+      auto  sw    = reinterpret_cast<const UInt64*>(s);
+      auto  dw    = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(d);
+      SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+        dw[i] = sw[i];
+      }
+
+      SizeT       rem    = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+      const SizeT offset = words * sizeof(UInt64);
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+        d[offset + i] = s[offset + i];
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        d[i] = s[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {
+  // strlen via pointer walk
+  if (!in) return 0;
+  const Char* p = in;
+  while (*p) ++p;
+  return static_cast<SInt64>(p - in);
+}
+
+IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt8 value) {
+  if (!len || !dest) return nullptr;
+
+  auto d = static_cast<UInt8*>(dest);
+
+  if (len >= sizeof(UInt64) && (reinterpret_cast<UIntPtr>(d) % sizeof(UInt64)) == 0) {
+    UInt64 pattern = static_cast<UInt64>(value);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 8);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 16);
+    pattern |= (pattern << 32);
+
+    auto  dw    = reinterpret_cast<UInt64*>(d);
+    SizeT words = len / sizeof(UInt64);
+
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < words; ++i) {
+      dw[i] = pattern;
+    }
+
+    SizeT       rem    = len % sizeof(UInt64);
+    const SizeT offset = words * sizeof(UInt64);
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < rem; ++i) {
+      d[offset + i] = value;
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; ++i) d[i] = value;
+  }
+
+  return dest;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter) {
+  return static_cast<Ref>(libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("IoOpenFile"),
+                                               Detail::safe_void_cast(path),
+                                               Detail::safe_void_cast(drv_letter)));
+}
+
+IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
+  libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoCloseFile"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
+}
+
+IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("IoSeekFile"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
+                                      reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
+
+  if (!ret_ptr) return ~0UL;
+
+  auto   ret    = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
+  UInt64 result = *ret;
+  MUST_PASS(result != ~0UL);
+  return result;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C UInt64 IoTellFile(_Input Ref desc) {
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH("IoTellFile"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
+  if (!ret_ptr) return ~0UL;
+  auto ret = static_cast<volatile UInt64*>(ret_ptr);
+  return *ret;
+}
+
+IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const Char* fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+
+  auto buf = StrFmt(fmt, args);
+
+  va_end(args);
+
+  // if truncated, `needed` >= kBufferSz; we still send truncated buffer
+  auto ret_ptr = libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH("PrintOut"), static_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
+                                      Detail::safe_void_cast(buf));
+
+  if (!ret_ptr) return -kErrorInvalidData;
+
+  auto ret = static_cast<const volatile SInt32*>(ret_ptr);
+
+  return *ret;
+}
diff --git a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemAPI.cc b/dev/libSystem/src/SystemAPI.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index d0682830..00000000
--- a/dev/libSystem/src/SystemAPI.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2024-2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#include <libSystem/SystemKit/Syscall.h>
-#include <libSystem/SystemKit/System.h>
-
-/// @file SystemAPI.cc
-/// @brief System wide API for NeKernel.
-
-IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmCopyMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input VoidPtr src, _Input SizeT len) {
-  if (!len || !dest || !src) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    ((Char*) dest)[i] = ((Char*) src)[i];
-  }
-
-  return dest;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C SInt64 MmStrLen(const Char* in) {
-  if (!in) return 0;
-
-  SizeT len{0};
-
-  do {
-    ++len;
-  } while (in[len] != '\0');
-
-  return len;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C VoidPtr MmFillMemory(_Input VoidPtr dest, _Input SizeT len, _Input UInt8 value) {
-  if (!len || !dest) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  for (SizeT i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    ((Char*) dest)[i] = value;
-  }
-
-  return dest;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Ref IoOpenFile(_Input const Char* path, _Input const Char* drv_letter) {
-  return (Ref) libsys_syscall_arg_3(SYSCALL_HASH('IoOpenFile'),
-                                    reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(path)),
-                                    reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(drv_letter)));
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Void IoCloseFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  libsys_syscall_arg_2(2, desc);
-}
-
-IMPORT_C UInt64 IoSeekFile(_Input Ref desc, _Input UInt64 off) {
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_3(
-      SYSCALL_HASH('IoSeekFile'), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(&off));
-
-  MUST_PASS((*ret) != ~0UL);
-  return *ret;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C UInt64 IoTellFile(_Input Ref desc) {
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_2(SYSCALL_HASH('IoTellFile'),
-                                                     reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc));
-  return *ret;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C SInt32 PrintOut(_Input IORef desc, const char* fmt, ...) {
-  va_list args;
-
-  va_start(args, fmt);
-
-  auto ret = (volatile UInt64*) libsys_syscall_arg_4(
-      SYSCALL_HASH('PrintOut'), reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(desc),
-      reinterpret_cast<VoidPtr>(const_cast<Char*>(fmt)), args);
-
-  va_end(args);
-
-  return *ret;
-}
-
-IMPORT_C Void _rtl_assert(Bool expr, const Char* origin) {
-  if (!expr) {
-    PrintOut(nullptr, "Assertion failed: %s\r", origin);
-    PrintOut(nullptr, "Origin: %s\r", origin);
-
-    libsys_syscall_arg_1(SYSCALL_HASH('_rtl_debug_break'));
-  }
-}
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/src/.keep b/dev/misc/.keep
index e69de29b..e69de29b 100644
--- a/dev/open_msg/src/.keep
+++ b/dev/misc/.keep
diff --git a/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
index 394f16fd..3a82a94e 100644
--- a/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
 #include <CompilerKit/CompilerKit.h>
 #include <NeKit/Defines.h>
 
+/// @author Amlal El Mahrouss
+/// @brief BenchKit Chrono contract.
+
+#define BENCHKIT_INTERFACE : public ::Kernel::ChronoInterface
+
 namespace Kernel {
 class ChronoInterface;
 
@@ -19,13 +24,17 @@ class ChronoInterface {
   ChronoInterface()          = default;
   virtual ~ChronoInterface() = default;
 
-  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(ChronoInterface);
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(ChronoInterface)
 
-  virtual void   Start()                = 0;
-  virtual void   Stop()                 = 0;
-  virtual void   Reset()                = 0;
+  virtual Void   Start()                = 0;
+  virtual Void   Stop()                 = 0;
+  virtual Void   Reset()                = 0;
   virtual UInt64 GetElapsedTime() const = 0;
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
+namespace BenchKit {
+using namespace Kernel;
+}
+
 #endif  // BENCHKIT_CHRONO_H
diff --git a/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
index 229146cb..728e7d60 100644
--- a/dev/generic_kits/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
+++ b/dev/misc/BenchKit/X64Chrono.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <generic_kits/BenchKit/Chrono.h>
+#include <misc/BenchKit/Chrono.h>
 
 #if defined(__NE_AMD64__)
 
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@ namespace Kernel {
 class X64Chrono;
 struct X64ChronoTraits;
 
+/// @brief BenchKit chrono logic for x64.
 struct X64ChronoTraits {
  private:
   STATIC UInt64 TickImpl_(void) {
     UInt64 a = 0, d = 0;
-    __asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(a), "=d"(d));
+
+    asm volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(a), "=d"(d));
     return (d << 32) | a;
   }
 
@@ -26,19 +28,19 @@ struct X64ChronoTraits {
 };
 
 /// @brief X86_64 hardware chrono implementation using the `rdtsc` instruction.
-class X64Chrono : public ChronoInterface {
+class X64Chrono BENCHKIT_INTERFACE {
  public:
   X64Chrono()           = default;
   ~X64Chrono() override = default;
 
-  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(X64Chrono);
+  NE_COPY_DEFAULT(X64Chrono)
 
  public:
-  void Start() override { fStart = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
+  Void Start() override { fStart = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
 
-  void Stop() override { fStop = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
+  Void Stop() override { fStop = X64ChronoTraits::TickImpl_(); }
 
-  void Reset() override {
+  Void Reset() override {
     fStart = 0;
     fStop  = 0;
   }
@@ -46,8 +48,8 @@ class X64Chrono : public ChronoInterface {
   UInt64 GetElapsedTime() const override { return fStop - fStart; }
 
  private:
-  UInt64 fStart = 0;
-  UInt64 fStop  = 0;
+  UInt64 fStart{};
+  UInt64 fStop{};
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 
diff --git a/dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h b/dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h
index b7c13280..ba3a8da6 100644
--- a/dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h
+++ b/dev/modules/Power/PowerFactory.h
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ class PowerFactory {
 
  public:
   Bool Shutdown() { return NO; };  // shutdown
-  Void Reboot(){};                 // soft-reboot
+  Void Reboot() {};                // soft-reboot
 };
 }  // namespace Kernel
 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dev/open_msg/MsgKit/Server.h b/dev/open_msg/MsgKit/Server.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 54183472..00000000
--- a/dev/open_msg/MsgKit/Server.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/* -------------------------------------------
-
-  Copyright (C) 2025, Amlal El Mahrouss, all rights reserved.
-
-------------------------------------------- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <NeKit/KString.h>
-#include <NeKit/MutableArray.h>
-
-struct OPENMSG_EXPR;
-
-struct OPENMSG_EXPR {
-  Kernel::KString*                   l_head;
-  Kernel::MutableArray<OPENMSG_EXPR> l_args;
-};
-
-typedef Kernel::Void (*openmsg_func_t)(OPENMSG_EXPR* arg);
-
-EXTERN_C Kernel::Void openmsg_init_library(openmsg_func_t* funcs, Kernel::SizeT cnt);
-EXTERN_C Kernel::UInt32 openmsg_close_library(Kernel::Void);
author	Amlal El Mahrouss <amlal@nekernel.org>	2025-08-16 19:56:21 +0200
committer	GitHub <noreply@github.com>	2025-08-16 19:56:21 +0200
commit	1a32b9307357ac0fc9095e853b2b6d94f9fe62bb (patch)
tree	f41f723659c8926e38182fbe062746d821ab487e /dev
parent	eb9df5eea339812513c25a8d3b2eeb03c633e7ac (diff)
parent	b301047903b79560dce69085fc271a653a1eb4b6 (diff)